Опубликована Янв. 1, 2023

Moss tundra with a thick peat layer dominated by bryophytes is one of the most important ecosystems in the High Arctic of Svalbard, but little is known about the carbon dynamics of moss tundra. Here, we estimated the net primary production (NPP) and net ecosystem production (NEP) of moss tundra on Brøggerhalvøya (Brøgger Peninsula) of north-western Svalbard (79°N). The net photosynthetic and respiration rates of the two dominant moss species, Calliergon richardsonii and Tomenthypnum nitens, were measured under laboratory conditions. On the basis of the photosynthetic and respiration characteristics and climatic data, we estimated the cumulative NPP of the dominant …

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Опубликована Янв. 1, 2023

Herein we describe mating behaviour observed in a group of 20 white whales in Svalbard, Norway. A single female was the centre of attention during the 45-minute encounter, which was observed, photographed and videotaped at an ice edge in Storfjorden in June 2022. Several males surrounded the female and vigorously herded her from all sides. The female spy-hopped regularly, and sometimes her whole body was pushed out of the water by the other animals. High tail-lifts and tail-slapping were frequently performed by males, and erect penises were observed many times. Trumpet calls were also heard. At one point, three males …

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Опубликована Янв. 1, 2023

We describe the main features of LT variability that influence native vascular plants in the Antarctic and examine the relationship between the temperature regime at the micro-level and meteorological conditions at the macro-level. We used a period of over a year, during which 37 specialized mini-loggers recorded LT near vascular plants in the Argentine Islands–Kyiv Peninsula region of the Antarctic Peninsula. Rather than measuring standard air or soil temperature, these loggers detect the temperature near the ground, in the microhabitats that harbour vascular plants. On a daily scale, LT correlates with standard (2-m) air temperature, with the values higher at …

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Опубликована Янв. 1, 2023

Underwater biological surveys have been conducted around the Antarctic continent for several decades, and our knowledge of the species present in the shallow waters (<50 m) is reasonably comprehensive. However, the waters below 50 m remain underexplored on the account of difficulty of access, financial barriers and relatively few operational platforms capable of deployment to such depths. Here, we demonstrate that personal submersibles, now increasingly deployed by the expedition cruise industry, can be vessels of opportunity for biological research in the polar regions. We describe direct observations of the rarely encountered scyphozoan Stygiomedusa gigantea at water depths of 80–280 …

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Опубликована Янв. 1, 2022

Many areas in the Arctic are vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. We observe large-scale effects on physical, biological, economic and social parameters, including ice cover, species distributions, economic activity and regional governance frameworks. Arctic living marine resources are affected in various ways. A holistic understanding of these effects requires a multidisciplinary enterprise. We synthesize relevant research, from oceanography and ecology, via economics, to political science and international law. We find that multidisciplinary research can enhance our understanding and promote new questions and issues relating to impacts and outcomes of climate change in the Arctic. Such issues include recent …

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Опубликована Янв. 1, 2023

The Spitsbergen population of bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) was harvested to near extinction during the whaling era. Here, we show possible signs of recovery of the population by reporting observations of two calves in the Scoresby Sund polynya in East Greenland on 2 and 4 May 2022, and it is the first observation of this kind in this area since the early 1900s.

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Опубликована Янв. 1, 2023

Cooperation in the Arctic region has been fruitful in the past few decades, generating several multilateral organizations and forums covering the entire circumpolar North. In many cases, forums were created to serve as catalysts, bringing together decision-makers from different backgrounds in a conference setting to promote dialogue and the exchange of ideas. To enquire about the possibility of creating a forum of cooperation in the eastern North American Arctic, a total of five governmental officials from Canada, Denmark, Nunavut, Québec and Greenland, and one elected representative from Greenland were interviewed with the same set of five questions. The governmental officials …

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Опубликована Май 1, 2019

В статье рассматриваются современные особенности экономики Арктики. Показано, что в тех сферах и направлениях хозяйственной деятельности, которые связаны с освоением природных ресурсов (прежде всего, минерально-сырьевых) и ориентированы на получение отдачи на вложенные инвестиции, не только происходит усиление роли новых знаний и новых технологий, но и существенно возрастают роль и значение форм кооперации участвующих в реализации проектов сторон. Такой подход позволяет, с одной стороны, решить проблему привлечения инвестиций в высокорисковые и вместе с тем высокодоходные проекты, но не позволят в полной мере реализовать возможности, связанные с развитием и использованием отечественного научно-производственного потенциала при реализации проектов в рамках подобных «гибридных форм».

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Опубликована Дек. 1, 2017

Статья посвящена современным подходам КНР к международным проблемам и основным изменениям в китайской дипломатии после прихода Си Цзиньпина к власти в 2012 г. Дипломатия Си Цзиньпина характеризуется постепенным отходом от внешнеполитической концепции Дэн Сяопина. В статье рассматриваются инновации, стратегические идеи и новые дипломатические инициативы китайского руководства, а также вызовы, с которыми сталкивается Китай как один из ведущих глобальных игроков. С точки зрения автора, зарубежные оценки внешней политики Китая остаются в русле официальных китайских концепций, которые склонны преувеличивать стремительность и революционность изменений в дипломатическом курсе Си Цзиньпина.

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Опубликована Сен. 12, 2019

Процесс развития цифровых технологий и их повсеместного проникновения в жизнь людей последовательно оказывает влияние на различные социальные процессы. В большей степени это влияние проявляется в настоящий момент в экономической сфере, где развитие цифровой экономики становится одним из ключевых приоритетов во всем мире. Также процессы цифровизации затрагивают образование, здравоохранение, право, начинают проникать и в политические отношения. В статье анализируются направления такого рода проникновения и механизмы трансформации политической сферы общества под их воздействием, обобщаются практики использования цифровых технологий в политическом дискурсе.

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