Association of recreational cannabis legalization with changes in medical, illegal, and total cannabis expenditures in Canada
International Journal of Drug Policy,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
139, С. 104793 - 104793
Опубликована: Апрель 7, 2025
Recreational
cannabis
legalization
(RCL)
is
being
adopted
by
a
growing
number
of
jurisdictions
internationally.
RCL
aims
to
displace
the
illegal
market
and
has
potential
disrupt
medical
market,
yet
few
studies
have
examined
these
dynamics
empirically.
We
used
interrupted
time
series
analysis
evaluate
whether
(legislative
passage
in
October
2017/implementation
2018)
was
associated
with
changes
quarterly
national
household
expenditures
on
cannabis,
all
types
combined
(licensed,
illegal,
medical)
Canada
from
2001
2023,
adjusting
for
price
fluctuations.
When
passed,
represented
11.8
%
88.2
%.
At
five
years
post-RCL
implementation,
decreased
3.7
%,
24.3
licensed
took
over
72.0
market.
The
overall
increased
size
75
5
years.
Illegal
between
implementation
but
immediately
post-implementation
had
significant
decreasing
trend.
Medical
trend
following
passage,
lesser
extent
implementation.
Total
showed
increasing
time.
Some
caution
should
be
interpreting
findings
given
uncertainty
data
quality,
particularly
(and
extension).
appears
achieving
one
its
primary
goals
displacing
users
also
appear
transitioning
recreational
However,
grown
substantially
since
legalization,
which
could
adverse
implications
public
health.
Язык: Английский
Risk of Dementia in Individuals With Emergency Department Visits or Hospitalizations Due to Cannabis
JAMA Neurology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Апрель 14, 2025
Importance
Cannabis
use
is
associated
with
short-term
memory
impairment
and
long-term
changes
in
brain
structure;
however,
little
known
about
whether
disordered
cannabis
an
increased
risk
of
a
dementia
diagnosis.
Objective
To
investigate
the
association
between
emergency
department
visits
or
hospitalizations
(acute
care
encounters)
due
to
future
Design,
Setting,
Participants
Population-based,
retrospective,
matched
cohort
study
using
health
administrative
data
from
Ontario,
Canada,
2008
2021
(with
follow-up
until
2022)
including
all
individuals
aged
45
105
years
living
Ontario
who
were
eligible
did
not
have
diagnosis
at
entry
(2
620
083
excluded).
Exposure
Individuals
incident
acute
use,
defined
International
Classification
Diseases
Related
Health
Problems,
Tenth
Revision
coding.
Main
Outcomes
Measures
We
used
cause-specific
adjusted
hazard
models
compare
new
diagnoses
(from
validated
algorithm)
(1)
all-cause
(excluding
cannabis),
(2)
general
population,
(3)
alcohol
use.
Results
The
included
6
086
794
individuals,
whom
16
275
(0.3%)
had
(mean
age,
55.2
[SD,
8.3]
years;
60.3%
male).
Annual
rates
5.0-fold
64
10.16
50.65
per
100
000)
26.7-fold
65
older
0.65
16.99
2021.
1.5-fold
3.9-fold
within
5
relative
population
same
age
sex,
respectively
(absolute
diagnosis:
5.0%
for
cannabis-related
care,
3.6%
1.3%
population).
After
adjustment
sociodemographics
chronic
conditions,
remained
elevated
those
(adjusted
ratio
[aHR],
1.23;
95%
CI,
1.09-1.39)
(aHR,
1.72;
1.38-2.15).
lower
than
0.69;
0.62-0.76).
Conclusions
Relevance
severe
enough
require
hospital-based
compared
population.
These
findings
important
implications
considering
increasing
among
adults.
Язык: Английский
Understanding Motives for Illicit Medicinal Cannabis Use: An Exploratory Analysis in a Medical Cannabis Program
Research Square (Research Square),
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Апрель 14, 2025
Abstract
Background
Medical
Cannabis
(MC)
is
authorized
in
numerous
state-legislated
programs
to
treat
approved
medical
conditions.
Notwithstanding
MC
access,
some
participants
continue
use
cannabis
purchased
outside
of
a
state
licensed
pharmacy,
otherwise
known
as
illicit
medicinal
(IMC),
their
Identifying
barriers
and
contributors
motives
for
IMC
can
promote
safety,
improve
program
design,
inform
future
research
efforts.
Methods
This
exploratory
analysis
utilized
baseline
survey
data
from
convenience
sample-based
prospective
cohort
evaluation
newly
registered
(<
6
months)
adult
Utah’s
who
had
been
diagnosed
with
chronic
pain,
post-traumatic
stress
disorder,
and/or
cancer.
Participants
completed
surveys
assessing
physical
mental
health,
experience,
access.
We
employed
descriptive
analysis,
chi-squared
logistic
regression
identify
factors
influencing
use.
Results
Among
273
screened
eligibility,
227
were
enrolled
the
evaluation,
211
survey.
Approximately
1
10
respondents
(N
=
24,
11.9%)
reported
within
past
two
weeks.
accessing
40.5
years
old,
58.3%
male,
70.8%
employed,
87.5%
white.
using
MC,
including
product
cost
(n
19,
79%)
assurance
adequate
supply
11,
45.8%)
most
common
experiencing
access
significantly
more
likely
report
than
those
reporting
no
(Odds
Ratio
(OR)
4.73,
p
<
0.001).
lower
levels
trust
(p
0.04)
reliance
0.02)
upon
less
on
pharmacists
(p’s
0.01).
However,
relied
information
(Adjusted
Odds
AOR
0.16,
0.05).
Conclusions
In
program,
related
indicated
significant
increase
likelihood
use,
while
decrease
Future
explore
how
increasing
affordable
availability
reliable
may
affect
Язык: Английский
Cannabis Use and Misuse Following Recreational Cannabis Legalization
JAMA Network Open,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
8(4), С. e256551 - e256551
Опубликована: Апрель 23, 2025
Importance
An
increasing
number
of
jurisdictions
have
legalized
recreational
cannabis
for
adults,
but
most
evaluations
used
repeated
cross-sectional
designs,
preventing
examination
within-person
and
subgroup
trajectories
across
legalization.
Objective
To
examine
changes
in
use
misuse
the
5
years
following
legalization
Canada
both
overall
by
prelegalization
frequency
using
a
longitudinal
design.
Design,
Setting,
Participants
This
prospective
cohort
study
included
data
from
community-dwelling
adults
who
participated
up
to
11
biannual
assessments
September
2018
October
2023
Ontario,
Canada.
Data
were
analyzed
November
January
2024.
Exposure
Five
(baseline
wave
was
immediately
prior
legalization).
Main
Outcome
Measures
Primary
outcomes
misuse,
assessed
Cannabis
Use
Disorder
Identification
Test
–
Revised
(CUDIT-R)
score.
Prelegalization
frequency,
age,
sex
examined
as
moderators.
Secondary
product
preferences
over
time.
Results
The
final
1428
aged
18
65
(859
[60.2%]
female;
mean
[SD]
34.5
[13.9]
years).
Mean
retention
90%
all
waves.
Linear
mixed-effects
modeling
found
significant
increase
such
that
proportion
days
increased
0.35%
(95%
CI,
0.19%
0.51%)
per
year
(
P
&lt;
.001)
sample
(1.75%
In
contrast,
CUDIT-R
scores
(on
scale
0
32)
decreased
significantly
(β
=
−0.08
[95%
−0.10
−0.06]
year;
−0.4
years;
.001),
notably
with
onset
COVID-19
pandemic.
Interaction
analyses
indicated
moderated
.001).
Specifically,
among
frequent
consumers
modestly
occasional
users
nonusers.
shifted
away
dried
flower,
hashish,
concentrates,
oil,
tinctures,
topicals
edibles,
liquids,
vape
pens.
Conclusions
Relevance
this
Canada,
legalization,
while
modestly.
These
substantially
use,
more
before
exhibiting
largest
decreases
outcomes.
Although
longer-term
surveillance
is
required,
these
results
suggest
Canadian
associated
modest
negative
positive
consequences
adults.
Язык: Английский
Longitudinal changes in cannabis use and misuse in the 5 years following recreational cannabis legalization in Canada: A prospective cohort study of community adults
medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Авг. 7, 2024
Abstract
Importance
A
growing
number
of
jurisdictions
have
legalized
recreational
cannabis
for
adults,
but
most
evaluations
used
repeated
cross-sectional
designs,
preventing
examination
within-person
and
subgroup
trajectories
across
legalization.
Objective
To
examine
changes
in
use
misuse
the
five
years
following
legalization
Canada
–
first
G7
country
to
legalize
adult
both
overall
by
pre-legalization
frequency
using
a
longitudinal
design.
Design
Prospective
cohort
study
with
11
biannual
assessments
from
September
2018
October
2023.
Mean
retention
was
90%
all
waves.
Setting
Ontario,
Canada.
Participants
Sample
1,428
(60.2%
female,
M
age
=34.5)
community
adults
aged
18
65
years.
Exposure
Five
(the
baseline
wave
immediately
prior
legalization).
Main
outcome
measures
Primary
outcomes
were
(CUDIT-R
score).
Pre-legalization
frequency,
age,
sex
examined
as
moderators.
Secondary
included
product
preferences
over
time.
Results
Linear
mixed
effects
modelling
found
significant
increase
such
that
mean
proportion
days
increased
0.35%
(
p
<.001)
per
year
sample
(1.75%
5
years).
In
contrast,
CUDIT-R
scores
(on
scale
0
32)
decreased
significantly
(b=-0.08
[-0.4
years],
<.001),
notably
onset
COVID-19
pandemic.
Interaction
analyses
indicated
moderated
<.001).
Specifically,
among
frequent
consumers
modestly
occasional/non-users.
Cannabis
shifted
away
dried
flower,
hashish,
concentrates,
oil,
tinctures,
topicals
edibles,
liquids,
vape
pens.
Conclusions
Relevance
legalization,
modestly,
while
observational
Canadian
adults.
These
substantially
use,
more
exhibiting
largest
decreases
outcomes.
Although
longer-term
surveillance
is
required,
these
results
suggest
associated
modest
negative
consequences
some
evidence
positive
nonclinical
Key
points
Question
Did
or
change
(overall
frequency)?
Findings
Overall,
significantly,
small
effect
sizes
both.
changes.
Product
concentrates
Meaning
From
public
health
standpoint,
findings
consequence
(small
frequency)
decrease
misuse,
transition
combustible
non-combustible
products).
Язык: Английский
Adverse Consequences of Legalization of Edible Cannabis in Older Adults
JAMA Internal Medicine,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
184(7), С. 842 - 842
Опубликована: Май 20, 2024
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Clarifying the Risks of Consuming Edible Cannabis
JAMA Internal Medicine,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Окт. 7, 2024
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Clarifying Causes of Increasing Cannabis-Related ED Visits in Older Adults
JAMA Internal Medicine,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
185(1), С. 120 - 120
Опубликована: Ноя. 11, 2024
Язык: Английский
Clarifying Causes of Increasing Cannabis-Related ED Visits in Older Adults—Reply
JAMA Internal Medicine,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
185(1), С. 121 - 121
Опубликована: Ноя. 11, 2024
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Язык: Английский