Long COVID: major findings, mechanisms and recommendations

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 21(3), С. 133 - 146

Опубликована: Янв. 13, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Monkeypox: disease epidemiology, host immunity and clinical interventions

Nature reviews. Immunology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 22(10), С. 597 - 613

Опубликована: Сен. 5, 2022

Язык: Английский

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The long-term health outcomes, pathophysiological mechanisms and multidisciplinary management of long COVID

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 8(1)

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2023

Abstract There have been hundreds of millions cases coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2). With the growing population recovered patients, it crucial to understand long-term consequences and management strategies. Although COVID-19 was initially considered an illness, recent evidence suggests that manifestations including but not limited those cardiovascular, respiratory, neuropsychiatric, gastrointestinal, reproductive, musculoskeletal systems may persist long after phase. These persistent manifestations, also referred as COVID, could impact all patients with across full spectrum illness severity. Herein, we comprehensively review current literature on highlighting its epidemiological understanding, vaccinations, organ-specific sequelae, pathophysiological mechanisms, multidisciplinary In addition, psychological psychosomatic factors underscored. Despite these findings diagnostic therapeutic strategies based previous experience pilot studies remain inadequate, well-designed clinical trials should be prioritized validate existing hypotheses. Thus, propose primary challenges concerning biological knowledge gaps efficient remedies well discuss corresponding recommendations.

Язык: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell memory with common TCRαβ motifs is established in unvaccinated children who seroconvert after infection

Immunity, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 55(7), С. 1299 - 1315.e4

Опубликована: Июнь 8, 2022

As the establishment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific T cell memory in children remains largely unexplored, we recruited convalescent COVID-19 and adults to define their circulating SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4

Язык: Английский

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Estimated SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence trends and relationship to reported case prevalence from a repeated, cross-sectional study in the 50 states and the District of Columbia, United States—October 25, 2020–February 26, 2022

The Lancet Regional Health - Americas, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 18, С. 100403 - 100403

Опубликована: Дек. 2, 2022

Sero-surveillance of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can reveal trends and differences in subgroups capture undetected or unreported infections that are not included case-based surveillance systems. Cross-sectional, convenience samples remnant sera from clinical laboratories 51 U.S. jurisdictions were assayed for infection-induced SARS-CoV-2 antibodies biweekly October 25, 2020, to July 11, 2021, monthly September 6, February 26, 2022. Test results analyzed infection-induced, nucleocapsid-protein seroprevalence using mixed effects models adjusted demographic variables assay type. Analyses 1,469,792 serum specimens revealed increased 8.0% (95% confidence interval (CI): 7.9%–8.1%) November 2020 58.2% (CI: 57.4%–58.9%) The ratio the change estimated reported case prevalence was 2.8 2.8–2.9) during winter 2020–2021, 2.3 2.0–2.5) summer 3.1 3.0–3.3) 2021–2022. Change ratios ranged 2.6 2.3–2.8) 3.5 3.3–3.7) by region Ratios suggest a high proportion detected periods transmission. largest increases coincided with spread B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variant accessibility home testing. varied season highest midwestern southern United States Our demonstrate counts did fully differing underlying infection rates value sero-surveillance understanding full burden infection. Levels antibody seroprevalence, particularly spikes transmission, important contextualize vaccine effectiveness data as susceptibility population changes. This work supported Centers Disease Control Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.

Язык: Английский

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OMICRON: Virology, immunopathogenesis, and laboratory diagnosis

The Journal of Gene Medicine, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 24(7)

Опубликована: Июнь 21, 2022

Since its emersion, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been a significant global dilemma. Several mutations in the severe acute respiratory virus (SARS-Co-2) genome given rise to different variants with various levels of transmissibility, severity and mortality. Up until November 2021, concern declared by World Health Organization were Alpha, Beta, Delta Gamma. then, novel variant named Omicron (B.1.1.529) developed. BA.1, BA.1.1, BA.2 BA.3 are four known subvariants Omicron. The involves new spike protein, most which receptor binding site, increase transmissibility decrease antibody vaccine response. Understanding virology is necessary for developing diagnostic therapeutic methods. Moreover, important issues, such as risk re-infection, response kinds vaccines, need booster dose increased infection pediatrics, be addressed. In this article, we provide an overview biological immunopathological properties subvariants, clinical signs symptoms, vaccines against Omicron, re-infection approaches specific challenges successful control management rapid spread variant.

Язык: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 and type 1 diabetes in children in Finland: an observational study

The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(4), С. 251 - 260

Опубликована: Март 21, 2023

Язык: Английский

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An Overview of the Use of Nanoparticles in Vaccine Development

Nanomaterials, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(12), С. 1828 - 1828

Опубликована: Июнь 9, 2023

Vaccines represent one of the most significant advancements in public health since they prevented morbidity and mortality millions people every year. Conventionally, vaccine technology focused on either live attenuated or inactivated vaccines. However, application nanotechnology to development revolutionized field. Nanoparticles emerged both academia pharmaceutical industry as promising vectors develop future Regardless striking nanoparticles vaccines research variety conceptually structurally different formulations proposed, only a few them advanced clinical investigation usage clinic so far. This review covered some important developments applied technologies last years, focusing successful race for preparation lipid employed anti-SARS-CoV-2

Язык: Английский

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Changes in Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG Subclasses over Time and in Association with Disease Severity

Viruses, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 14(5), С. 941 - 941

Опубликована: Апрель 29, 2022

IgG is the most prominent marker of post-COVID-19 immunity. Not only does this subtype mark late stages infection, but it also stays in body for a timespan at least 6 months. However, different subclasses have properties, and their roles specific anti-COVID-19 responses yet to be determined. We assessed concentrations IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4 against SARS-CoV-2 antigens (N protein, S protein RBD) using specifically designed method samples from 348 COVID-19 patients. noted statistically significant association between severity infection (both total subclasses). When assessing anti-N anti-RBD subclasses, we importance IgG3 as subclass. Since often associated with early antiviral response, presumed that subclass first high-affinity antibody produced during infection.

Язык: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 accessory proteins reveal distinct serological signatures in children

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Май 26, 2022

Abstract The antibody response magnitude and kinetics may impact clinical severity, serological diagnosis long-term protection of COVID-19, which play a role in why children experience lower morbidity. We therefore tested samples from 122 Hong Kong with symptomatic ( n = 78) asymptomatic 44) SARS-CoV-2 infections up to 200 days post infection, relative 71 infected adults (symptomatic 61, 10), negative controls 48). assessed serum IgG antibodies 14-wide antigen panel structural accessory proteins by Luciferase Immuno-Precipitation System (LIPS) assay circulating cytokines. Infected have levels Spike, Membrane, ORF3a, ORF7a, ORF7b antibodies, comparable ORF8 elevated E-specific than adults. Combination two unique targets, ORF3d ORF8, can accurately discriminate infection children. Principal component analysis reveals distinct pediatric signatures, the highest contribution variance are responses non-structural ORF3d, NSP1, ORF3a ORF8. From diverse cytokines that modulate immune priming inflammation, IL-8, MCP-1 IL-6 correlate specificity severity. Antibodies internal become an important sero surveillance tool roll-out vaccines population.

Язык: Английский

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