Infectiousness of SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections and reinfections during the Omicron wave

Nature Medicine, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 29(2), С. 358 - 365

Опубликована: Янв. 2, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Evaluation of Waning of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine–Induced Immunity

JAMA Network Open, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 6(5), С. e2310650 - e2310650

Опубликована: Май 3, 2023

Importance Estimates of the rate waning vaccine effectiveness (VE) against COVID-19 are key to assess population levels protection and future needs for booster doses face resurgence epidemic waves. Objective To quantify progressive VE associated with Delta Omicron variants SARS-CoV-2 by number received doses. Data Sources PubMed Web Science were searched from databases’ inception October 19, 2022, as well reference lists eligible articles. Preprints included. Study Selection Selected studies this systematic review meta-analysis original articles reporting estimates over time laboratory-confirmed infection symptomatic disease. Extraction Synthesis at different points vaccination retrieved studies. A secondary data analysis was performed project any last dose administration, improving comparability across between 2 considered variants. Pooled obtained random-effects meta-analysis. Main Outcomes Measures or disease half-life vaccine-induced protection. Results total 799 149 reviews published in peer-reviewed journals 35 preprints identified. Of these, 40 included analysis. a primary cycle both lower than 20% 6 months administration. Booster restored comparable those acquired soon after administration cycle. However, 9 30% The estimated be 87 days (95% CI, 67-129 days) compared 316 240-470 Delta. Similar rates found age segments population. Conclusions Relevance These findings suggest that vaccines rapidly wanes dose. results can inform design appropriate targets timing programs.

Язык: Английский

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A Systematic Review of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine Efficacy and Effectiveness Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection and Disease

Open Forum Infectious Diseases, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 9(6)

Опубликована: Апрель 18, 2022

Billions of doses coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines have been administered globally, dramatically reducing severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) incidence and severity in some settings. Many studies suggest provide a high degree protection against infection disease, but precise estimates vary differ design, outcomes measured, dosing regime, location, circulating virus strains. In this study, we conduct systematic review COVID-19 through February 2022. We included efficacy data from Phase 3 clinical trials for 15 undergoing World Health Organization Emergency Use Listing evaluation real-world effectiveness 8 with observational meeting inclusion criteria. Vaccine metrics collected include asymptomatic infection, any symptomatic COVID-19, including hospitalization death, partial or complete vaccination, variants concern Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Omicron. additionally the epidemiological principles behind design interpretation vaccine studies, important sources heterogeneity.

Язык: Английский

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Swift and extensive Omicron outbreak in China after sudden exit from ‘zero-COVID’ policy

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Июль 1, 2023

Abstract In late 2022, China transitioned from a strict ‘zero-COVID’ policy to rapidly abandoning nearly all interventions and data reporting. This raised great concern about the presumably-rapid but unreported spread of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in very large population low pre-existing immunity. By modeling combination case count survey data, we show that extremely rapidly, at rate 0.42/day (95% credibility interval: [0.35, 0.51]/day), translating an epidemic doubling time 1.6 days ([1.6, 2.0] days) after full exit zero-COVID on Dec. 7, 2022. Consequently, estimate vast majority (97% [95%, 99%], sensitivity analysis lower limit 90%) was infected during December, with nation-wide peaking 23. Overall, our results highlight high transmissibility importance proper design intervention strategies avoid infection waves.

Язык: Английский

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Wastewater-based surveillance as a tool for public health action: SARS-CoV-2 and beyond

Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 37(1)

Опубликована: Дек. 14, 2023

SUMMARY Wastewater-based surveillance (WBS) has undergone dramatic advancement in the context of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The power and potential this platform technology were rapidly realized when it became evident that not only did WBS-measured SARS-CoV-2 RNA correlate strongly with COVID-19 clinical within monitored populations but also, fact, functioned as a leading indicator. Teams from across globe innovated novel approaches by which wastewater could be collected diverse sewersheds ranging treatment plants (enabling community-level surveillance) to more granular locations including individual neighborhoods high-risk buildings such long-term care facilities (LTCF). Efficient processes enabled extraction concentration highly dilute matrix. Molecular genomic tools identify, quantify, characterize its various variants adapted programs applied these mixed environmental systems. Novel data-sharing allowed information mobilized made immediately available public health government decision-makers even public, enabling evidence-informed decision-making based on local dynamics. WBS since been recognized tool transformative potential, providing near-real-time cost-effective, objective, comprehensive, inclusive data changing prevalence measured analytes space time populations. However, consequence rapid innovation hundreds teams simultaneously, tremendous heterogeneity currently exists literature. This manuscript provides state-of-the-art review established details current work underway expanding scope other infectious targets.

Язык: Английский

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Effectiveness of BNT162b2 and CoronaVac COVID-19 vaccination against asymptomatic and symptomatic infection of SARS-CoV-2 omicron BA.2 in Hong Kong: a prospective cohort study

The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 23(4), С. 421 - 434

Опубликована: Дек. 12, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Awareness of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant Infection Among Adults With Recent COVID-19 Seropositivity

JAMA Network Open, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 5(8), С. e2227241 - e2227241

Опубликована: Авг. 17, 2022

Importance Some individuals who were infected by the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant may have been completely unaware of their infectious status while virus was actively transmissible. Objective To examine awareness among during recent surge in a diverse and populous urban region Los Angeles County. Design, Setting, Participants This cohort study analyzed records adult employees patients an academic medical center enrolled longitudinal COVID-19 serological County, California. These participants had 2 or more serial anti-nucleocapsid IgG (IgG-N) antibody measurements at least 1 month apart, with first occurring after end regional Delta (September 15, 2021) subsequent one start (December 2021). Adults evidence new infection period through May 4, 2022, included present sample. Exposures Recent as evidenced seroconversion. Main Outcomes Measures Awareness ascertained from review self-reported health updates, records, testing data. Results Of 210 (median [range] age, 51 (23-84) years; 136 women [65%]) infection, 44% (92) demonstrated any 56% (118) reported being status. Among those unaware, 10% (12 118) having symptoms, which they attributed to common cold other non–SARS-CoV-2 infection. In multivariable analyses that accounted for demographic clinical characteristics, care likely than nonemployees be aware (adjusted odds ratio, 2.46; 95% CI, 1.30-4.65). Conclusions Relevance this suggest half adults higher nonemployees, yet still low overall. Unawareness highly prevalent factor associated rapid person-to-person transmission within communities.

Язык: Английский

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Rapid review and meta-analysis of serial intervals for SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variants

BMC Infectious Diseases, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 23(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 26, 2023

The serial interval is the period of time between symptom onset in primary case and secondary case. Understanding important for determining transmission dynamics infectious diseases like COVID-19, including reproduction number attack rates, which could influence control measures. Early meta-analyses COVID-19 reported intervals 5.2 days (95% CI: 4.9-5.5) original wild-type variant 4.87-5.47) Alpha variant. has been shown to decrease over course an epidemic other respiratory diseases, may be due accumulating viral mutations implementation more effective nonpharmaceutical interventions. We therefore aggregated literature estimate Delta Omicron variants.

Язык: Английский

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The Infectious Diseases Society of America Guidelines on the Diagnosis of COVID-19: Antigen Testing

Clinical Infectious Diseases, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 78(7), С. e350 - e384

Опубликована: Янв. 23, 2023

Immunoassays designed to detect SARS-CoV-2 protein antigens (Ag) are commonly used diagnose COVID-19. The most widely tests lateral flow assays that generate results in approximately 15 minutes for diagnosis at the point-of-care. Higher throughput, laboratory-based Ag have also been developed. number of commercially available detection has increased rapidly, as COVID-19 diagnostic literature. Infectious Diseases Society America (IDSA) convened an expert panel perform a systematic review literature and develop best-practice guidance related testing. This guideline is update third series frequently updated guidelines developed by IDSA. IDSA's goal was evidence-based recommendations or suggestions assist clinicians, clinical laboratories, patients, public health authorities, administrators, policymakers decisions optimal use both medical nonmedical settings. A multidisciplinary infectious diseases microbiologists, experts identified prioritized questions tests. relevant, peer-reviewed published conducted through 1 April 2022. Grading Recommendations Assessment, Development, Evaluation (GRADE) methodology assess certainty evidence make testing recommendations. made 10 address symptomatic asymptomatic individuals single versus repeat strategies. US Food Drug Administration (FDA) with Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) high specificity low moderate sensitivity compared nucleic acid amplification (NAAT). test dependent on presence absence symptoms and, timing after symptom onset. In cases, positive can be acted upon without confirmation. Results point-of-care comparable those testing, observed unobserved self-collection specimens yields similar results. Modeling suggests increases once, but no empirical data were inform this question. Based these observations, rapid RT-PCR NAAT remain methods choice diagnosing infection. However, when timely molecular not readily logistically infeasible, helps identify Data insufficient recommendation about utility guide release patients from isolation. overall quality supporting graded very moderate.

Язык: Английский

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Effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines against Omicron infection and severe events: a systematic review and meta-analysis of test-negative design studies

Frontiers in Public Health, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11

Опубликована: Июнь 9, 2023

A rapidly growing body was observed of literature evaluating the vaccine effectiveness (VE) against Omicron in test-negative design studies.

Язык: Английский

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