Reduced discrimination between signals of danger and safety but not overgeneralization is linked to exposure to childhood adversity in healthy adults

eLife, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12

Опубликована: Дек. 20, 2023

Childhood adversity is a strong predictor of developing psychopathological conditions. Multiple theories on the mechanisms underlying this association have been suggested which, however, differ in operationalization 'exposure.' Altered (threat) learning represent central by which environmental inputs shape emotional and cognitive processes ultimately behavior. 1402 healthy participants underwent fear conditioning paradigm (acquisition training, generalization), while acquiring skin conductance responses (SCRs) ratings (arousal, valence, contingency). was operationalized as (1) dichotomization, following (2) specificity model, (3) cumulative risk (4) dimensional model. Individuals exposed to childhood showed blunted physiological reactivity SCRs, but not ratings, reduced CS+/CS- discrimination during both phases, mainly driven attenuated CS+ responding. The latter evident across different operationalizations 'exposure' theories. None tested clear explanatory superiority. Notably, remarkably pattern increased responding CS- reported literature for anxiety patients, suggesting that individuals may specific sub-sample. We highlight linking (vulnerability to) psychopathology need refinement.

Язык: Английский

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Adverse childhood experiences, brain function, and psychiatric diagnoses in a large adult clinical cohort

Frontiers in Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15

Опубликована: Окт. 14, 2024

Introduction Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are linked to higher rates of psychiatric disorders in adults. Previous neuroimaging studies with small samples have shown associations between ACEs and alterations brain volume, connectivity, blood flow. However, no study has explored these a large clinical population identify regions that may mediate the relationship diagnoses. This aims evaluate how patient-reported associated function adults, across Methods We analyzed 7,275 adults using HMPAO SPECT scans at rest during continuous performance task (CPT). assessed impact on diagnoses performed mediation analyses where functional interest acted as mediators specific further evaluated risk being diagnosed classes mental illnesses increasing identified which ACE questions were statistically related each diagnosis this cohort. Results Increased activity cognitive control default mode networks decreased dorsal striatum cerebellum. Higher increased anxiety-related disorders, substance abuse, depression. Several potential adult Discussion study, utilizing cohort, provides new insights into neurobiological mechanisms linking conditions. The findings suggest effects developing health highlighting targets for therapeutic interventions.

Язык: Английский

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Functional Neurologic Disorder, La Lésion Dynamique

Neurology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 103(11)

Опубликована: Ноя. 13, 2024

Functional neurologic disorder is common and a significant cause of disability stress in patients. The nature this has been unclear. Originally called hysteria, the interested Charcot who postulated that functional lesion,

Язык: Английский

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Childhood trauma and psychosis—Searching for causes and mechanisms

Schizophrenia Research, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 262, С. 146 - 148

Опубликована: Ноя. 16, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Adverse Childhood Experiences, Brain Function, and Psychiatric Diagnoses in a Large Adult Clinical Cohort

Research Square (Research Square), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 16, 2024

Abstract Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been associated with higher rates of psychiatric illness in adults. Neuroimaging studies previously identified regional volume, functional connectivity, and altered blood flow as a function increasing ACEs relatively small samples. Thus far, no study has evaluated large adult clinical population to identify which brain associations may be mediators between an diagnosis. This aims understand the relationship cohort (N=7275) using HMPAO SPECT scans at rest during concentration task, gain insight into common patterns adults varying degrees mental health illnesses. We evaluate how patient-reported are adults, across diagnoses. then risk being diagnosed specific classes conditions ACEs, along understanding ACE questions were statistically related each diagnosis this cohort. To function, association might influence diagnosis, we performed mediation analyses where regions interest act Broadly, found increased cognitive control default mode networks decreased areas dorsal striatum cerebellum. that having more increases variety generally fall anxiety-related disorders, substance abuse-related depression. Further, many implicated neuroimaging potential

Язык: Английский

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A commentary on a trauma-informed, community-based, and holistic intimate partner violence program: “A micro approach to a macro problem: One agency’s approach to domestic violence” by DiBella et al. (2023)

Journal of Family Trauma Child Custody & Child Development, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. 1 - 8

Опубликована: Март 14, 2024

This commentary on "A Micro Approach to A Macro Problem: One Agency's Domestic Violence" by DiBella et al. (Citation2023) highlights exemplary aspects of programming for survivors intimate partner violence, as well notes additional areas consideration and improvement other agencies. Specifically, describes the historical development Cherokee Family Violence Center (CFVC), evolution program, which adapted best suit its clients' needs over more than 30 years. The CFVC's trauma-informed, community-based, holistic approach are worthy consideration. Additional that encouraged in this include increased gender inclusivity, language cultural diversity, peer-led programming, therapeutic considerations mental health treatment, program evaluation.

Язык: Английский

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Indirect Exposure to Atrocities and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms among Aid Workers: Hemispheric Lateralization Matters

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(8), С. 2373 - 2373

Опубликована: Апрель 18, 2024

Background: Humanitarian aid workers (HAWs) are indirectly exposed to atrocities relating people of concern (POC). This may result in a risk secondary traumatization demonstrated by post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSSs). Previous studies have that hemispheric lateralization (HL) moderates the relationship between threat exposure and Aims: We hypothesized indirect (IETA) would be positively correlated with PTSSs among HAWs right not left HL. Method: Fifty-four from several countries provided humanitarian support Greece Colombia participated this correlational cross-sectional observation study. They completed scales IETA, were assessed using brief, valid scale, HL was measured. Results: IETA significantly related (r = 0.39, p < 0.005). Considering HL, unrelated 0.29, 0.14), while 0.52, 0.008). Right emerged as protective factor PTSS. Conclusions: An assessment dominant can serve one consideration others when deploying specific locations roles, vis à IETA. Moreover, those found higher for based on their could monitored more closely prevent adverse reactions

Язык: Английский

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A new framework for understanding stress and disease: the developmental model of stress as applied to multiple sclerosis

Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 18

Опубликована: Июнь 17, 2024

This paper proposes a new model of stress that integrates earlier models and adds insights from developmental psychology. Previous describe the behavioral physical effects events, but have not explained translation experiences into itself. The Developmental Model Stress shows how psychosocial challenges in childhood create persistent negative beliefs behaviors increase threat perception maladaptive responses. These produce early psychological physiological predispositions for increased responses over time. Ongoing leads to dysregulation stress-response systems (allostatic load), which is associated with multiple diseases. High allostatic load provides necessary preconditions diathesis-stress model, says addition an acute stressor weakened or predisposed system can lead disease development. also documents evolving measurement better understand stress-disease relationship, helping resolve conflicting results between studies. was combined clinician insight patient reports build integrative framework understanding role development progression sclerosis (MS). It includes first mapping arising are common people MS. An initial comparison these may be distinct those other chronic form predisposing factors contribute triggering factors, stressors onset. often took two forms, prolonged incident experienced as feeling trapped stuck, breach relationship. reinforcing add poor prognosis seemingly random symptom fluctuation, still managed same developed childhood, increasing severity. A pilot study described three categories MS were explicitly addressed. noted clinically important improvements mental well-being, providing preliminary support Model. Future research might expand on using more robust sample design.

Язык: Английский

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The resilient brain against childhood poverty

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Июнь 19, 2024

Abstract Poverty remains a persistent structural issue in society, profoundly impacting children’s mental health and resilience. However, the influence of poverty on resilience its neural underpinnings is not well understood. This study investigates this impact using nationally representative sample (N = 11878) neuroimaging techniques to explore heterogeneity mechanisms poor children. Our findings reveal that children (living below federal threshold) experience exacerbated effects early life adversities (ELAs) behavioral problems, which persist into adolescence, indicating disrupted By subtyping based representations self-regulation (brain activation during stop signal task), we identified two distinct subtypes: subtype-1, with heightened activation, exhibited significantly worse resilience; while subtype-2, reduced showed levels comparable non-poor Two subtypes did differ superficial characteristics including ELA exposure demographics. subtype-1 had thicker left-middle-frontal-gyrus (L-MFG) brain regions, correlating fewer problems weaker impacts, suggesting unique mechanism. L-MFG-based mechanism exclusive observed subtype-2 or These underscore importance understanding individual among disadvantaged emphasizes need for future research delve deeper adaptation processes ELAs poverty, advocating exploration varied mitigate stigma associated guide interventions aimed at narrowing gradient.

Язык: Английский

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Reduced discrimination between signals of danger and safety but not overgeneralization is linked to exposure to childhood adversity in healthy adults

Опубликована: Окт. 16, 2024

Childhood adversity is a strong predictor for developing psychopathological conditions. Exposure to threat-related childhood has been suggested be specifically linked altered emotional learning as well changes in neural circuits involved responding and fear. Learning mechanisms are particularly interesting they central through which environmental inputs shape cognitive processes ultimately behavior. Multiple theories on the underlying this association have which, however, differ operationalization of “exposure”. In current study, 1,402 physically mentally healthy participants underwent differential fear conditioning paradigm including acquisition generalization phase while skin conductance responses (SCRs) different subjective ratings were acquired. was retrospectively assessed trauma questionnaire (CTQ) classified individuals exposed or unexposed at least moderate according established cut-off criteria. addition, we provide exploratory analyses aiming translate (verbal) how exposure related from threat into statistical models. During training generalization, reduced discrimination SCRs between stimuli signaling danger vs. safety, primarily due cues. no differences degree observed but generally blunted occurred individuals. No groups any experimental phases. The signals safety evident across operationalizations “exposure” guided by theories. Of note, none these tested showed clear explanatory superiority. Our results stand stark contrast typical patterns patients suffering anxiety stress-related disorders (i.e., cues increased signals). However, CS - albeit CS+ also patient risk samples reporting adversity, suggesting that pattern may specific with history adversity. conclude linking psychopathology need refinement.

Язык: Английский

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