Shared and unique lifetime stressor characteristics and brain networks predict adolescent anxiety and depression

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Окт. 26, 2024

Exposure to major life stressors and aberrant brain functioning have been linked anxiety depression, especially during periods of heighted functional plasticity, such as adolescence. However, it remains unclear if specific characteristics network disruptions differentially predict depression symptoms over time and, so, whether they act independently or jointly. We collected baseline lifetime stressor exposure data resting-state magnetic resonance imaging in a longitudinal sample 107 adolescents enriched for depressive disorders. examined five characteristics: physical danger, interpersonal loss, humiliation, entrapment, role change/disruption. Anxiety were assessed at baseline, 6-month 12-month follow-ups. Linear mixed effect models tested these characteristics, connectivity within between frontoparietal, default, ventral attention networks, their interactions predicted Greater severity danger humiliation prospectively increased both follow-ups, whereas greater entrapment higher symptoms. Only the effects robust including within- between-network metrics other significantly predictive characteristics. Lifetime more strongly youth with default connectivity. frontoparietal networks Taken together, results underscore critical importance using jointly study predictors adolescent depression.

Язык: Английский

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Adverse childhood experiences, subsequent negative life events, and their impact on health in occupational rehabilitation patients: a mixed-methods study

Frontiers in Rehabilitation Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 5

Опубликована: Ноя. 13, 2024

Introduction Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are prevalent globally and can negatively impact an individual's lifespan by not only increasing the likelihood of encountering other negative life events (NLEs), but also escalating risk illness, absenteeism due to sickness, unemployment, reliance on disability benefits in adulthood. Therefore, objective this study was explore prevalence ACEs NLEs, as well their health impacts among patients undergoing occupational rehabilitation. Materials methods A total 80 participants diagnosed with musculoskeletal disorders and/or common mental who participated two rehabilitation programs Norway were included. Data collected questionnaire in-depth interviews (39 participants) at start intervention. Comparative quantitative qualitative analysis conducted between individuals a history those without these experiences. Thematic used identify NLEs informants. Results Half reported ACEs. Of these, 18% one ACE, 22% 2–3 9% 4 or more Also, 25% categorized revictimized. The groups had adulthood compared ( p < 0.001), revictimized most (mean numbers 3.1, 4.5 5.9). Furthermore, associated higher number issues experienced 0.01). However, there no significant differences ACE groups. substantial participants’ current status, whether they occurred In adult life, high workload (psychologically physically), interpersonal challenges, financial struggles especially impact. Additionally, accidents complications related surgeries causing problems. For most, complex interactions health. Conclusions is patients. subsequent victimization, struggles, increased These findings highlight need for systematic screening holistic, individualized approach potentially mitigate adverse effects work participation.

Язык: Английский

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Influences of sex and gender on the associations between risk and protective factors, brain, and behavior

Biology of Sex Differences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Ноя. 26, 2024

Abstract Risk and protective factors for psychiatric illnesses are linked to distinct structural functional changes in the brain. Further, prevalence of these varies across sexes genders, yet joint effects sex gender this context have not been extensively characterized. This suggests that risk may map onto brain uniquely influence individuals genders. Here, we review how specific (childhood maltreatment, COVID-19 pandemic, experiences racism), (social support psychological resilience) distinctly We also discuss role compounding interdependent influences factors. As such, call on researchers consider when researching illnesses, provide concrete recommendations account them future research. Considering alongside research acknowledging differences will enable us establish sex- gender-specific brain-behavior relationships. subsequently inform development targeted prevention intervention strategies which lacking. To achieve equality mental health, potential lead a better understanding men women, males females, make more vulnerable or resilient psychopathology.

Язык: Английский

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A multimodal neuroimaging study of youth at risk for substance use disorders: Functional magnetic resonance imaging and [¹⁸F]fallypride positron emission tomography

Alcohol Clinical and Experimental Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Дек. 26, 2024

Adolescent alcohol use is the norm, but only some develop a substance disorder. The increased risk might reflect heightened mesocorticolimbic responses to reward-related cues results published date have been inconsistent.

Язык: Английский

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Reduced discrimination between signals of danger and safety but not overgeneralization is linked to exposure to childhood adversity in healthy adults

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Сен. 28, 2023

Abstract Childhood adversity is a strong predictor of developing psychopathological conditions. Multiple theories on the mechanisms underlying this association have been suggested which, however, differ in operationalization ‘exposure’. Altered (threat) learning represent central by which environmental inputs shape emotional and cognitive processes ultimately behavior. 1402 healthy participants underwent fear conditioning paradigm (acquisition training, generalization), while acquiring skin conductance responses (SCRs) ratings (arousal, valence, contingency). was operationalized as (1) dichotomization, following (2) specificity model, (3) cumulative risk (4) dimensional model. Individuals exposed to childhood showed blunted physiological reactivity SCRs, but not ratings, reduced CS+/CS-discrimination during both phases, mainly driven attenuated CS + responding. The latter evident across different operationalizations ‘exposure’ theories. None tested clear explanatory superiority. Notably, remarkably pattern increased responding CS-is reported literature for anxiety patients, suggesting that individuals may specific sub-sample. We highlight linking (vulnerability to) psychopathology need refinement.

Язык: Английский

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