medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 6, 2025

Updated knowledge regarding the global prevalence of long COVID (or post-COVID-19 condition), its subtypes, risk factors, and variations across different follow-up durations geographical regions is necessary for informed public health recommendations healthcare delivery. The primary objective this systematic review to evaluate subtypes symptoms in individuals with confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis, while secondary assess factors same population. Studies on published from July 5, 2021, May 29, 2024, searched PubMed, Embase, Web Science were used review. Supplemental updates original search period made. There four inclusion criteria: (1) human study population diagnosis; (2) appropriate index diagnosis date; (3) outcome must include either prevalence, duration, or COVID; (4) time at least two months after date. exclusion criteria were: non-human population; case studies reviews; imaging, molecular, and/or cellular testing as results; specific populations such workers, residents nursing homes, those living long-term care facilities; that did not meet sample size threshold needed estimate overall margin error 0.05. Two screeners independently performed screenings data extraction, decision conflicts collectively resolved. pooled using a random-effects meta-analysis framework DerSimonian-Laird inverse variance weighted estimator. estimand (target parameter interest) was among diagnoses, effect sizes corresponding ten common A total 442 included mega-systematic review, 429 meta-analyzed various endpoints, avoiding duplicate estimates study. Of studies, 17.9% have high bias. Heterogeneity evident where I 2 statistic nearly 100% prevalence. Global estimated 36% positive (95% confidence interval [CI] 33%-40%) 144 studies. Geographical variation observed COVID: Asia 35% CI 25%-46%), Europe 39% 31%-48%), North America 30% 24%-38%), South 51% 35%-66%). Stratifying by longer periods 1 years (47% [95% 37%-57%]) compared times less than year (35% 31%-39%]) had overlapping therefore statistically distinguishable. Top five most prevalent cases respiratory 20% 14%-28%) 31 general fatigue 18%-23%) 121 psychological 18% 11%-28%) 10 neurological 16% 8%-30%) 23 dermatological 12% 8%-17%) symptom based memory problems 11% 7%-19%) 12 three strongest being unvaccinated COVID-19, pre-existing comorbidity, female sex. Individuals any these higher odds having ratios 2.34 1.49-3.67) 6 1.59 1.28-1.97) 13 1.55 1.25-1.92) 22 respectively. This shows globally highly varying estimates. persists over extended follow-up, burden post-infection. Our findings highlight continuing challenge worldwide. heterogeneity argues need carefully designed representative world. Question: What are patterns what COVID?Results: Meta-analysis 2021-2024 individuals. Variations showed highest CI: 35%-66%), does seem diminish (less year: 35%, 95% 31%-39% vs. years: 47%, 37%-57%). eight major (respiratory), (general fatigue), (psychological), (neurological), (dermatological), 10% (cardiovascular), 9% (musculoskeletal) 5% (gastrointestinal).Meaning: Quantitative evidence persistent globally, significant post-infection, underscoring accurate standardized diagnostic tests biomarkers COVID, better understanding physiology condition, treatment, potential needs workforce participation. wide range call samples well-designed

Язык: Английский