Stability of organic solar cells: toward commercial applications

Chemical Society Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 53(5), С. 2350 - 2387

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Organic solar cells (OSCs) have attracted a great deal of attention in the field clean energy due to their advantages transparency, flexibility, low cost and light weight. Introducing them market enables seamless integration into buildings windows, while also supporting wearable, portable electronics internet-of-things (IoT) devices. With development photovoltaic materials optimization fabrication technology, power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) OSCs rapidly improved now exceed 20%. However, there is significant lack focus on material stability device lifetime, causing severe hindrance commercial applications. In this review, we carefully review important strategies employed improve over past three years from perspectives design engineering. Furthermore, analyze discuss current progress terms air, light, thermal mechanical stability. Finally, propose future research directions overcome challenges achieving highly stable OSCs. We expect that will contribute solving problem OSCs, eventually paving way for applications near future.

Язык: Английский

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In Situ Absorption Characterization Guided Slot‐Die‐Coated High‐Performance Large‐Area Flexible Organic Solar Cells and Modules

Advanced Materials, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 35(10)

Опубликована: Дек. 12, 2022

Slot-die coating is recognized as the most compatible method for roll-to-roll (R2R) processing of large-area flexible organic solar cells (OSCs). However, photovoltaic performance OSC lags significantly behind that traditional spin-coating devices. In this work, two acceptors, Qx-1 and Qx-2, show quite different film-formation kinetics in slot-die process. situ absorption spectroscopy indicates excessive crystallinity Qx-2 provides early phase separation aggregation, resulting oversized crystal domains. Consequently, PM6:Qx-1-based 1 cm2 device exhibits an excellent power conversion efficiency (PCE) 13.70%, which best among slot-die-coated devices; contrast, PM6:Qx-2 blend shows a pretty poor efficiency, lower than 1%. Moreover, 30 modules based on PM6:Qx-1, containing six 5 sub-cells, exhibit PCE 12.20%. After being stored glove box over 6000 h, remains at 103% its initial values, indicating shelf stability. Therefore, these results promising future strategy upscaling fabrication OSCs.

Язык: Английский

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Revealing the underlying solvent effect on film morphology in high-efficiency organic solar cells through combinedex situandin situobservations

Energy & Environmental Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 16(5), С. 2316 - 2326

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

Here the aggregation behavior differences induced by solvent–material and material–material interactions are clearly revealed combined ex situ in morphology characterization studies on representative high-efficiency OPV systems.

Язык: Английский

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Molecular Self‐Assembly Regulated Dopant‐Free Hole Transport Materials for Efficient and Stablen‐i‐pPerovskite Solar Cells and Scalable Modules

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 61(42)

Опубликована: Сен. 6, 2022

Dopant-free organic hole transport materials (HTMs) remain highly desirable for stable and efficient n-i-p perovskite solar cells (pero-SCs) but rarely succeed. Here, we propose a molecular assembly strategy to overcome the limited optoelectronic properties of HTMs by precisely designing linear small molecule BDT-DPA-F from atomic levels. can assemble into fibril network, showing an obviously improved mobility decreased energy disorder. The resultant pero-SCs showed promising efficiency 23.12 % (certified 22.48 %), which is highest certified value with dopant-free HTMs, date. These devices also weak-dependence on size, enabling state-of-the-art 22.50 1-cm2 device 20.17 15.64-cm2 module. For first time, based realized ultralong stabilities T80 lifetimes over 1200 h under operation or thermal aging at 85 °C.

Язык: Английский

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Trimerized small-molecule acceptors enable high-performance organic solar cells with high open-circuit voltage and prolonged life-time

Energy & Environmental Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 16(8), С. 3339 - 3349

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

We report a new trimer acceptor (TYT) composed of three Y-based molecules connected by electron-donating spacers. The TYT enables high-performance and stable organic solar cell (OSC) with t 80% lifetime >8000 h under 1 sun illumination.

Язык: Английский

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What We have Learnt from PM6:Y6

Advanced Materials, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 36(20)

Опубликована: Авг. 25, 2023

Abstract Over the past three years, remarkable advancements in organic solar cells (OSCs) have emerged, propelled by introduction of Y6—an innovative A‐DA'D‐A type small molecule non‐fullerene acceptor (NFA). This review provides a critical discussion current knowledge about structural and physical properties PM6:Y6 material combination relation to its photovoltaic performance. The design principles PM6 Y6 are discussed, covering charge transfer, transport, recombination mechanisms. Then, authors delve into blend morphology degradation mechanisms before considering commercialization. state art is presented, while also discussing unresolved contentious issues, such as energetics, pathways free generation, role triplet states recombination. As such, this aims provide comprehensive understanding potential for further development field cells. By addressing both successes challenges associated with system, contributes ongoing research efforts toward achieving more efficient stable

Язык: Английский

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Large-area organic photovoltaic modules with 14.5% certified world record efficiency

Joule, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 8(4), С. 970 - 978

Опубликована: Март 6, 2024

Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have experienced a significant increase in power conversion efficiency (PCE) recently, now approaching 20% on small-cell level. Since the efficiencies module level are still substantially lower, focused upscaling research is necessary to reduce gap between cells and modules. In this work, we present of PM6:Y6-C12:PC61BM-based devices, processed ambient air from non-halogenated solvents, small-area large-area modules with barely any performance loss. Supported by computational fluid dynamics simulations, an accelerated blade coating process that enables homogeneous coatings <5% thickness deviation over 200 cm² developed. Additional finite element method simulations used optimize layout minimize inevitable losses caused electrode resistances inactive interconnect areas 1.9% 3.5%, respectively. Finally, 204-cm² OPV certified PCE 14.5% (15.0% active area) fabricated, which constitutes new world record.

Язык: Английский

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Multiarmed Aromatic Ammonium Salts Boost the Efficiency and Stability of Inverted Organic Solar Cells

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 146(5), С. 3363 - 3372

Опубликована: Янв. 24, 2024

Inverted organic solar cells (OSCs) have attracted much attention because of their outstanding stability, with zinc oxide (ZnO) being commonly used as the electron transport layer (ETL). However, both surface defects and photocatalytic effect ZnO could lead to serious photodegradation acceptor materials. This, in turn, hampers improvement efficiency stability OSCs. Herein, we developed a multiarmed aromatic ammonium salt, namely, benzene-1,3,5-triyltrimethanaminium bromide (PhTMABr), for modifying ZnO. This compound possesses mild weak acidity aimed at removing residual amines present within film. In addition, PhTMABr also passivate through multiple hydrogen-bonding interactions between its terminal amino groups oxygen anion ZnO, leading better interface contact, which effectively enhances charge transport. As result, an 18.75% was achieved based on modified ETL compared bare (PCE = 17.34%). The devices utilizing retained 87% 90% initial PCE after thermal stress aging 65 °C 1500 h continuous 1-sun illumination maximum power point (MPP) tracking 1780 h, respectively. Importantly, extrapolated T

Язык: Английский

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Green Printing for Scalable Organic Photovoltaic Modules by Controlling the Gradient Marangoni Flow

Advanced Materials, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 36(21)

Опубликована: Фев. 10, 2024

Abstract Despite the rapid development in performances of organic solar cells (OSCs), high‐performance OSC modules based on green printing are still limited. The severe Coffee‐ring effect (CRE) is considered to be primary reason for nonuniform distribution active layer films. To solve this key problem, cosolvent strategy presented deposit guest solvent Mesitylene with a higher boiling point and lower surface tension incorporated into host o‐XY optimize rheological properties, such as viscosity solutions. And synergistic inward Marangoni flow generation solution thickening caused by can effectively restrain CRE, resulting highly homogeneous large‐area In addition, optimized crystallization phase separation films accelerate charge transport exciton dissociation devices. Consequently, PM6:BTP‐eC9 system, device prepared co‐solvent shows power conversion efficiency 17.80%. Moreover, effective area scales 1 16.94 cm 2 , recorded altered 16.71% 14.58%. This study provides universal pathway green‐printed high‐efficiency photovoltaics.

Язык: Английский

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Rapid solidification for green-solvent-processed large-area organic solar modules with >16% efficiency

Energy & Environmental Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 17(8), С. 2935 - 2944

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

A rapid solidification strategy was developed for simultaneously avoiding the Marangoni effect and suppressing molecular aggregation. The resultant 15.64 cm 2 large-area OSC module exhibited a record power conversion efficiency of 16.03%.

Язык: Английский

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