Nanozymes
(NZs)
are
nanomaterials
able
to
mimic
natural
enzymes,
offering
the
advantages
of
better
durability,
wider
range
operational
conditions,
and
easier
functionalization.
In
addition,
some
NZs
exhibit
multiple
enzyme‐like
activities
effective
tandem/self‐cascade
reactions.
this
context,
metallic
metal–oxide
nanoparticles
among
most
promising
candidates
for
biomedical/biotechnological
applications,
thanks
their
efficient
oxidoreductase
activities.
However,
characterizing
is
challenging
because
experimental
set‐up
different
assays
strongly
influence
performances.
Consequently,
currently
available
literature
provides
limited
understanding
characteristics
various
NZs,
especially
in
terms
activity‐related
performance,
hindering
optimal
selection
applicative
potential.
Here,
leveraging
on
accurate
characterization
methodology,
we
report
a
direct
comparison
several
(gold‐Au,
platinum‐Pt,
palladium‐Pd,
ceria,
iron
oxide)
possessing
multi‐enzymatic
Our
main
findings
indicate
that
1)
PtNZs
outperform
other
tested
catalase‐like
activity;
2)
Pt
PdNZs
present
superior
superoxide
dismutase‐like
3)
peroxidase‐
oxidase‐like
activity,
best‐performing
NZ
substrate‐dependent;
4)
competitive
reactions
multifunctional
play
key
role
specific
AuNZs
can
be
choice
peroxidase/oxidase
configurations;
5)
more
than
metal‐oxide
ones,
but
6)
ceria
presents
unique
phosphatase‐like
activity.
Engineering
multimetallic
nanocatalysts
with
the
entropy-mediated
strategy
to
reduce
reaction
activation
energy
is
regarded
as
an
innovative
and
effective
approach
facilitate
efficient
heterogeneous
catalysis.
Accordingly,
conformational
entropy-driven
high-entropy
alloys
(HEAs)
are
emerging
a
promising
candidate
settle
catalytic
efficiency
limitations
of
nanozymes,
attributed
their
versatile
active
site
compositions
synergistic
effects.
As
proof
nanozymes
(HEzymes)
concept,
elaborate
PdMoPtCoNi
HEA
nanowires
(NWs)
abundant
sites
tuned
electronic
structures,
exhibiting
peroxidase-mimicking
activity
comparable
that
natural
horseradish
peroxidase
reported.
Density
functional
theory
calculations
demonstrate
enhanced
electron
abundance
NWs
near
Fermi
level
(E
Nanozymes,
while
promising
alternatives
to
natural
peroxidases
in
colorimetric
assays,
are
often
hindered
by
lower
catalytic
efficiencies.
While
various
strategies
exist
enhance
signal
intensity
nanozyme-based
substrate
optimization
remains
largely
underexplored.
The
vast
majority
of
studies
rely
on
standard
sodium
acetate
buffers
or
commercially-sourced
substrates
optimized
for
horseradish
peroxidase,
neglecting
the
unique
properties
different
nanozymes.
This
work
presents
a
systematic
3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine
(TMB)-based
compositions
four
common
nanozymes:
iron
oxide,
LaNiO3,
Mn-doped
CeO2,
and
platinum
nanoparticles.
Our
findings
reveal
that
buffer
is
suitable
alternative
significantly
(41-68%)
other
Further
ionic
strength,
organic
co-solvent
type
concentration,
TMB/H2O2
concentrations
yielded
improvements
intensity,
analytical
sensitivity,
assay
time.
study
also
identifies
pitfalls
encountered
during
proposes
potential
solutions.
We
posit
composition
should
be
step
development
use
with
undisclosed
avoided.
Analytical Chemistry,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Март 3, 2025
Nanozymes,
while
promising
alternatives
to
natural
peroxidases
in
colorimetric
assays,
are
often
hindered
by
lower
catalytic
efficiencies.
Although
numerous
approaches
have
been
developed
improve
signal
intensity
nanozyme-based
optimization
of
the
reaction
medium
which
nanozyme
interacts
with
substrate
remains
a
significantly
underexplored
area.
The
vast
majority
studies
rely
on
standard
sodium
acetate
buffers
or
commercially
sourced
reagents
optimized
for
horseradish
peroxidase,
neglecting
unique
properties
different
nanozymes.
This
work
presents
systematic
3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine
(TMB)-based
composition
four
common
nanozymes:
iron
oxide,
LaNiO3,
Mn-doped
CeO2,
and
platinum
nanoparticles.
Our
findings
reveal
that
buffer
is
suitable
alternative
enhance
(41-68%)
other
Further
ionic
strength,
organic
cosolvent
type
concentration,
TMB/H2O2
concentrations
yielded
improvements
intensity,
analytical
sensitivity,
assay
time.
study
also
identifies
pitfalls
encountered
during
conditions
proposes
potential
solutions.
We
posit
should
be
step
development
use
undisclosed
compositions
avoided.
One
nanoparticle
possessing
both
peroxidase
(POD)
and
catalase
(CAT)
activities
is
a
prevalent
co-substrate
nanozyme
system,
distinct
from
the
extensively
researched
cascade
system.
During
sensing
of
hydrogen
peroxide
by
POD,
impact
CAT
actually
ignored
in
most
studies.
In
this
study,
effect
on
detection
thoroughly
investigated
based
POD
catalysis
finely
tuning
relative
activity
CAT.
It
discovered
that
can
be
changed
delaying
injection
chromogenic
substrate
after
adding
linear
range
grows
with
delayed
time.
Then,
theoretical
mechanism
showed
time-delay
mediated
magnification
does
not
change
V
Androgenetic
alopecia
(AGA)
is
a
prevalent
issue
affecting
the
physical
and
mental
health
of
individuals
but
with
fewer
current
treatments.
Platinum
nanozymes
(PtNZs)
are
known
for
their
excellent
ability
to
reduce
modulate
high
oxidative
stress
environment
in
AGA
pathology.
And
microneedles
used
overcome
skin
barrier
due
poor
permeability
PtNZs.
Herein,
dissolving
loaded
PtNZs
(Pt-MNs)
designed
successfully
induced
hair
regeneration
model.
Pt-MNs
possessed
adequate
mechanical
strength
breach
effective
delivery.
In
vivo,
first
reduced
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)
oxygen,
which
recovered
pathological
environment.
then
increased
phosphorylation,
promoting
differentiation
follicle
stem
cells
achieve
regeneration.
The
group
treated
dosing
frequency
once
every
three
days
achieved
faster
growth
than
daily
application
positive
drug
minoxidil.
Further
safety
experiments
showed
that
locally
opened
temporary
recoverable
channels,
no
retention
Pt
major
organs,
indicating
safety.
conclusion,
this
study
indicated
potential
as
an
method
treating
AGA.
