Recent Progress of Solution‐Processed Thickness‐Insensitive Cathode Interlayers for High‐Performance Organic Solar Cells

Advanced Functional Materials, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 5, 2025

Abstract Organic solar cells (OSCs) have shown great applications potential in flexible/wearable electronics, indoor photovoltaics and so on. The efficiencies of single‐junction OSCs exceeded 19%, making the commercialization brighter. Large‐area printing fabrication is a key way to OSCs, solution‐processed thickness‐insensitive cathode interlayers (CILs) are urgently needed for large‐area fabrication. High electron mobility interfacial materials (CIMs) critical enable CILs. N‐type self‐doped characteristics can endow organic CIMs with high mobility. Different type n‐type show different applicability conventional inverted OSCs. External dopants further increase hybrid blends. Particularly, ZnO doped dyes achieve superior photoconductivity This review focuses on CILs high‐performance In small molecules polymers, external n‐doped blends as summarized. small‐molecular electrolytes polyelectrolytes, PEI‐/PEIE‐based (including organic‐organic ZnO‐organic) summarized relationships between particular functions chemical structures highlighted. Finally, summary outlook provided.

Язык: Английский

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Natural Dextran as an Efficient Interfacial Passivator for ZnO‐Based Electron‐Transport Layers in Inverted Organic Solar Cells

Advanced Energy Materials, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 12, 2025

Abstract Compared to conventional organic solar cells (OSCs) with acidic PEDOT:PSS as the hole transport layer (HTL), inverted OSCs (i‐OSCs) zinc oxide (ZnO) electron (ETL) display significant advantages in terms of high stability. However, an obvious limitation i‐OSCs is that sol‐gel processed ZnO layers possess detrimental defects at interface, which hinders improvement its photovoltaic performance. To address this problem, a natural, and green dextran (Dex) used efficient interfacial passivator modify layer, thereby achieving enhanced device performance i‐OSCs. The introduction Dex efficiently suppresses recombination loss, resulting higher power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). Interestingly, Dex‐passivated exhibits broad applications ETL for different types i‐OSCs, including fullerene, non‐fullerene, all‐polymer OSCs, D18:Y6 system gives highest PCE 18.32%. This one values reported binary Moreover, application significantly improves stability, T 80 lifetimes based on PM6:Y6, D18:Y6, PM6:PY‐IT exceed 1500 h. These results imply excellent ZnO‐based high‐efficiency stable

Язык: Английский

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High‐Performance Photoactive Polymers: Innovations in Ternary Polymerization for Solar Applications

Advanced Energy Materials, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 2, 2025

Abstract In recent years, polymer solar cells (PSCs) have achieved rapid progress, with power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) reaching up to 20.25%, driven by significant advancements in device fabrication and active‐layer materials. The ternary polymerization strategy has proven be a straightforward effective approach for developing high‐performance photoelectric polymers incorporating third monomer into the backbone. This incorporation effectively optimizes intrinsic properties, including UV–vis absorption, energy levels, solubility, crystallinity, morphology, charge transfer, mechanical robustness, batch‐to‐batch reproducibility, stability. review highlights latest designing photoactive copolymers (both donors acceptors), particular focus on stability, potential applications commercial development. aim is provide valuable guidance development of materials using strategy.

Язык: Английский

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Highly Efficient Indoor Perovskite Solar Cells with 40% Efficiency Using Perylene Diimide‐Based Zwitterionic Cathode Interlayers

Small, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 13, 2025

Abstract Metal halide perovskites are ideal candidates for indoor photovoltaics (IPVs) due to their tunable bandgaps, which allow the active layers be optimized artificial light sources. However, significant non‐radiative carrier recombination under low‐light conditions has limited full potential of perovskite‐based IPVs. To address this challenge, an integration perylene diimide (PDI)‐based sulfobetaines as cathode interlayers (CILs) is proposed and impact varying alkyl chain length (from 1,2‐ethylene 1,5‐pentylene) between cationic anionic moieties examined. The respective four PDI materials synthesized almost qualitatively using a one‐step microwave‐assisted process. All them show adequate thermal stability energy levels suitable desired application CILs. Moreover, degradation temperature, LUMO level, conductivity, performance in model devices found change positively along with increase. Among tested derivatives, compound equipped longest (PDI‐C5‐S3) stands out its superior electrical conductivity enhanced ability lower silver work function. When incorporated into Cs 0.18 FA 0.82 Pb(I 0.8 Br 0.2 )‐based wide‐bandgap perovskite solar cells (PSCs), PDI‐C5‐S3 interlayer lead outstanding power conversion efficiency (PCE) 19.04% one‐sun illumination remarkable 40.72% 3000K LED (1000 lux) conditions.

Язык: Английский

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Transparent and Conductive Polyimide‐Ionene Hybrid Interlayers for High Performance and Cost‐Effective Semitransparent Organic Solar Cells

Advanced Materials, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 4, 2025

Abstract The contradiction between high transmittance and favorable conductivity poses a great challenge in developing effective cathode interlayer (CIL) materials with sufficient thickness tolerance, which hinders the further advancement of organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, completely new class alcohol processable polyimide‐ionene hybrids (PIIHs) is proposed by melding pyromellitic diimide (PMD) subunits into imidazolium‐based ionenes backbone covalently. These PIIHs, named PMD‐DI PMD‐PD, boast transparency, suitable energy levels, decent conductivity. A higher PMD content endows PMD‐PD improved work function tunability, electrical properties, crystallinity, enabling as CIL material excellent thickness‐insensitive characteristics, while simultaneously improving device stability significantly. Furthermore, also exhibits good compatibility various electrodes active layers, offering cell efficiencies up to 19.91% 19.29% Ag Cu cathodes, respectively. More importantly, application can improve performance semi‐transparent OSCs without losing transmittance, thereby drastically enhancing light utilization efficiency 4.04% an ultrathin, low‐cost cathode, that competes leading optical modulation‐free semitransparent expensive cathodes. This opens pathway realize transparent conductive interlayers strategic molecular design, highly efficient, stable, cost‐effective for diverse applications.

Язык: Английский

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Electron-Transporting Polymer with Perfluoroalkyl Spacer Enables Efficient and Stable Non-Fullerene Organic Solar Cells

Macromolecules, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 57(17), С. 8374 - 8382

Опубликована: Авг. 29, 2024

To achieve efficient and stable organic solar cells (OSCs), interfacial dipole suitable wettability are prerequisites for interlayer materials, in addition to the aligned energy level high conductivity. However, these have been rarely realized simultaneously electron-transporting layer (ETL) materials date. Herein, an polymer, PPDIN-C6-F, by integrating perylene diimide (PDI) segment fluorinated alkyl spacer (C6F12) was synthesized via a cost-effective quaternization polymerization reaction. Compared control PPDIN-C6-H, with C6H12 spacer, PPDIN-C6-F shows exceptional capabilities film formation, self-doping, electrical When used as ETL OSCs, decreased barrier minimized defects can be obtained. Consequently, demonstrated superior device performance, delivering remarkable power conversion efficiency (PCE) up 18.68% PM6:L8-BO-based OSCs. Notably, OSCs based on display excellent storage thermal stability 91% 79% of initial PCEs maintained after aged 1000 600 h, respectively, which decayed 84% 59% those PPDIN-C6-H ETL. Furthermore, its versatility is highlighted various photoactive layers, PCE 19.20% provided ternary PM6:SD-EDOT:L8-BO system.

Язык: Английский

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Effects of Alkyl Spacer Length in Carbazole‐Based Self‐Assembled Monolayer Materials on Molecular Conformation and Organic Solar Cell Performance

Advanced Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Дек. 4, 2024

Abstract Carbazole‐based self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) materials as hole transport layers (HTL) have led organic solar cells (OSCs) to state‐of‐the‐art photovoltaic performance. Nonetheless, the impact of alkyl spacer length SAMs remains inadequately understood. To improve knowledge, four dichloride‐substituted carbazole‐based (from 2Cl‐2PACz 2Cl‐5PACz) with lengths 2–5 carbon atoms is developed. Single crystal analyses reveal that shorter spacers exhibit stronger intermolecular interactions and denser packing. The molecular conformation significantly impacts their footprint coverage on ITO. These factors result in highest lowest for 2Cl‐3PACz OSCs based PM6:L8‐BO HTL achieved high efficiencies 18.95% 18.62% without methanol rinsing ITO/SAMs anodes, corresponding multilayer structures, respectively. In contrast, utilizing other showed decreased increased. superior performance can be attributed its spacer, which reduces series resistance, tunneling distance, barrier. This work provides valuable insights into design high‐performance OSCs.

Язык: Английский

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Synergistically Modulating the Bay and Amid Sites of a Perylene Diimide Cathode Interface Layer for High-Efficiency and High-Stability Organic Solar Cells

ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(30), С. 11385 - 11395

Опубликована: Июль 12, 2024

Simultaneously enhancing the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of organic solar cells (OSCs) is a pivotal issue to advance their commercial feasibility. The frequently used cathode interface layer (CIL) based on perylene diimide (PDI) derivatives usually causes some problems, such as unmatched surface energies (γs) with an active layer, strong aggregation, poor stability. Herein, bay amide position synergistically benzoyl hydrazide-functionalized PDI-based CILs, namely PDI-4NOPN PDINN-NOPN, have been designed synthesized. Compared PCE 14.85%, PDINN-NOPN-applied OSCs display higher 17.37% (PM6: BTP-eC9) more excellent device stabilities under diverse conditions. Furthermore, PDINN-NOPN demonstrates impressive level insensitivity thickness, maintaining over 92% even when thickness up 19 nm, which attributed powerful self-doping effect, superior work function (Wf) modulating capability, morphology proper crystallinity, low impedance PDINN-NOPN. inferior performance observed in ascribed decrease electron cloud distribution resulting from excess carbonyl groups. Carbonyl groups intensify electron-withdrawing characteristic groups, consequently impeding charge transfer process. Thus, collaboratively optimizing amid sites PDI represents practical approach for achieving high-efficiency, high-stability, thickness-insensitive OSCs.

Язык: Английский

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19.5%‐Efficiency Organic Solar Cells with High Thickness Tolerance and Exceptional Device Stability Enabled by TEMPO‐Functionalized Perylene Diimide as a Cathode Interface Layer

Advanced Functional Materials, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Дек. 15, 2024

Abstract The cathode interface material is pivotal for achieving excellent photovoltaic performance and device stability in organic solar cells (OSCs). However, currently, few materials can simultaneously satisfy multiple criteria such as low cost, high efficiency, insensitivity to film thickness, good stability. To address this challenge, a novel perylene diimide (PDI) derivative, P‐C3T designed synthesized, by incorporating stable free radical unit TEMPO polar quaternary ammonium salt side chains. facile synthesize cost‐effective, while also exhibiting conductivity ohmic contact characteristics OSCs. When utilized the material, based on D18:L8‐BO achieves remarkable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.52%, which one highest levels reported binary single‐junction Notably, devices exhibit with PCE remaining at 95% initial even thickness 40 nm. Furthermore, ‐based OSCs demonstrate exceptional storage improved light In summary, its PCE, insensitivity, stability, anticipated be promising candidate large‐area roll‐to‐roll processing

Язык: Английский

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An Arginine-Doped Cathode Interlayer Enables Enhanced Efficiency in Organic Solar Cells

Energy & Fuels, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 15, 2025

The appearance of the cathode interlayer (CIL), a transition bridge between and organic photoactive layer (OPL), provides new pathway for performance improvement solar cells (OSCs). PFN-Br is widely employed in many optoelectronic devices, including nonfullerene OSCs, to transport electrons improve charge injection at interface. However, due relatively low conductivity PFN-Br, thickness CIL prepared with usually less than 10 nm, which evidently contradicts requirements large-scale roll-to-roll manufacturing. Herein, strategy using N-α-carbobenzyloxy-d-Arginine (NA) as doping material proposed PFN-Br. homogeneous distribution NA can modify work function (WF) facilitate an interface dipole arrangement that favorable transfer, resulting binary CILs tunable WF increased conductivity. To verify this method, series devices were PBDB-T:IT-M or PM6:Y6 OPL different proportions CIL. use PFN-Br:NA (0.75:0.06, weight%) helps morphology, making it exhibit trend fiber network structure, leading higher fill factor short circuit current density. Consequently, optimal power conversion efficiency (PCE) based on from 10.5% 11.1% 15.4% 16.0%, respectively. In addition, NA-doped device exhibits better nitrogen stability after 360 h dark storage compared control. discovery these modification approaches insight into hybrid interlayers required efficient reliable OSCs.

Язык: Английский

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