Polymers,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
16(24), С. 3476 - 3476
Опубликована: Дек. 13, 2024
Currently,
polymer
actuators
capable
of
photothermal
response
are
being
developed
to
be
more
sensitive
and
repeatable.
In
this
work,
a
three-layered
structured
soft
film
actuator
(NA/PET/NI-3)
was
designed
by
combining
poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)
(PNIPAM),
poly(N-(2-aminoethyl)-acrylamide)
(PANGA)
poly(ethylene
glycol-co-terephthalate)
(PET)
film.
Coconut
water
PEI
were
used
synthesize
new
kind
carbon
nanosheet
(PEI-CCS),
which,
when
triggered
near-infrared
light,
will
enable
bending
behavior
in
the
micrometer-scale
NA/PET/NI-n
film,
while
PET
served
as
supporting
heat
conducting
layer.
This
utilized
synergistic
effects
two
polymers,
PNIPAM
PNAGA,
on
either
side
PET,
with
upper
critical
solution
temperatures
lower
subjected
temperature
changes.
bilateral
design
exhibited
rapid
under
light
stimulation,
180°
within
4
s
recovering
its
original
shape
30
s.
When
process
set
90°
standard
experiment,
NA/PET/NI-3
responded
2
recovered
8
also
demonstrated
good
reversibility
repeatability,
undergoing
reversible
driving
over
120
times.
The
preparation
provided
ideas
for
development
actuators.
This
review
summarizes
the
fundamental
concepts,
recent
advancements,
and
emerging
trends
in
field
of
stimuli-responsive
hydrogels.
While
numerous
reviews
exist
on
this
topic,
continues
to
evolve
dynamically,
certain
research
directions
are
often
overlooked.
To
address
this,
we
classify
hydrogels
based
their
response
mechanisms
provide
an
in-depth
discussion
key
properties
mechanisms,
including
swelling
kinetics,
mechanical
properties,
biocompatibility/biodegradability.
We
then
explore
hydrogel
design,
synthesis,
structural
engineering,
followed
by
overview
applications
that
relatively
well
established
from
a
scientific
perspective,
biomedical
uses
(biosensing,
drug
delivery,
wound
healing,
tissue
engineering),
environmental
(heavy
metal
phosphate
removal
environment
polluted
water),
soft
robotics
actuation.
Additionally,
highlight
unconventional
such
as
local
micro-thermometers
cell
mechanotransduction.
concludes
with
current
challenges
future
prospects
field,
aiming
inspire
further
innovations
advancements
bring
them
closer
societal
needs.
Smart
hydrogel
sensors
with
intrinsic
responsiveness,
such
as
pH,
temperature,
humidity,
and
other
external
stimuli,
possess
broad
applications
in
innumerable
fields
biomedical
diagnosis,
environmental
monitoring,
wearable
electronics.
However,
it
remains
a
great
challenge
to
develop
structural
hydrogels
that
simultaneously
body
temperature-responsive,
adhesion-adaptable,
transparency-tunable.
Herein,
an
innovative
skin-mountable
thermo-responsive
is
fabricated,
which
endows
tunable
optical
properties
switchable
adhesion
at
different
temperatures.
Interestingly,
able
exhibit
lower
critical
solution
temperature
(LCST)
adapt
the
human
by
altering
acrylic
acid(AAc)
content
network.
The
also
displays
high
transparency
strong
low
temperatures,
while
becomes
opaque
feeble
Furthermore,
highly
sensitive
sensor
array
structure
constructed
harnessing
vat
photopolymerization
three-dimensional
(3D)
printing.
As
proof
of
concept,
attached
back
hand
capable
detecting
strain
differences,
integrating
high-temperature
monitoring
alarm
functions
visual
alteration.
This
work
provides
advanced
manner
fabricate
structured
responsive
hydrogels,
have
potential
application
prospects
field
smart
medical
patches
devices.
ACS Applied Polymer Materials,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Фев. 28, 2025
Bilayer
hydrogel
actuators,
with
their
anisotropic
structure
akin
to
biological
tissues,
are
poised
revolutionize
the
fields
of
soft
robotics
and
tissue
engineering.
Despite
promise,
achieving
a
harmonious
balance
between
high
bulk
toughness,
robust
interface
actuating
property
has
been
formidable
challenge,
significantly
hindering
broader
application.
By
employing
dual-strategy
approach,
we
successfully
developed
poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylamide)-agar/poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic
acid)
[p(NIPAM-co-AAM)-agar/p(AAM-co-AAC)]
(NM–AMC)
LCST-
UCST-type
double-layer
actuator.
First,
double-network
strategy
enhanced
mechanical
properties
hydrogel.
Second,
synchronous
UV
polymerization
method
effectively
improved
toughness
two
layers
hydrogels.
The
NM–AMC
actuator
integrates
low-temperature
response
characteristics
NM
(lower
critical
solution
temperature-type)
high-temperature
AMC
(upper
temperature-type).
This
design
confers
unique
dual-thermal
behavior
on
actuator,
enabling
it
achieve
reversible
bending
angle
changes
from
+361.33
−417.33°
over
temperature
range
5–85
°C.
More
importantly,
after
5
cycles,
bilayer
did
not
have
obvious
delamination,
indicating
that
shows
an
excellent
Inspired
by
adaptive
mechanisms
plants
in
nature,
series
biomimetic
actuators
were
designed
emulate
morphology
flowers
leaves.
innovation
only
substantially
expands
but
also
offers
new
insights
into
intelligent
manufacture
responsive
systems,
thereby
advancing
development
technology.
Advanced Science,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Март 20, 2025
Smart
windows
that
dynamically
regulate
solar
spectrum
transmission
to
reduce
energy
consumption
in
heating,
ventilation,
and
air
conditioning
systems
are
highly
desirable.
However,
the
limited
amplitude
of
regulation
narrow
wavelength
control
often
degrade
modulation
performance
existing
smart
windows.
To
improve
thermal
management,
here
we
propose
a
three-state
thermochromic
window
(TSSW)
capable
across
entire
spectrum.
The
TSSW
is
mainly
based
on
unique
phase
transition
properties
tungsten-doped
vanadium
dioxide
(W-VO₂)
perovskite
films,
which
can
stepwise
visible
light
near-infrared
(NIR)
transmittance
separately,
leading
adaptive
transitions
between
cold,
warm,
hot
states.
Results
indicate
achieves
rate
23.5%,
with
indoor
irradiance
decreasing
from
413.6
W/m2
cold
state
374.5
warm
state,
down
189.1
state.
simulation
results
show
annual
total
demand
be
reduced
by
up
102.09
WJ/m2
some
typical
regions.
Compared
Low-E
glass
ordinary
glass,
this
offers
superior
energy-saving
potential,
making
it
an
ideal
solution
for
reducing
building
consumption.
ABSTRACT
Solid–solid
phase
change
materials
usually
suffer
from
the
challenges
of
low
thermal
storage
capacity
and
poor
mechanical
strength
in
management
applications.
Additionally,
solid–solid
are
often
prepared
by
a
chemical
cross‐linking
strategy,
leading
to
recyclability.
This
study
highlights
straightforward
effective
strategy
prepare
multiple
H‐bonding
supramolecular
integrating
easy
recyclability,
high
strength,
latent
heat
characteristics
for
lithium
batteries.
