Liposomes and Extracellular Vesicles as Drug Delivery Systems: A Comparison of Composition, Pharmacokinetics, and Functionalization

Advanced Healthcare Materials, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 11(5)

Опубликована: Июнь 24, 2021

Over the past decades, lipid-based nanoparticle drug delivery systems (DDS) have caught attention of researchers worldwide, encouraging field to rapidly develop improved ways for effective delivery. One most prominent examples is liposomes, which are spherical shaped artificial vesicles composed lipid bilayers and able encapsulate both hydrophilic hydrophobic materials. At same time, biological nanoparticles naturally secreted by cells, called extracellular (EVs), emerged as promising more complex biocompatible DDS. In this review paper, differences similarities in composition evaluated, critical mediators that affect their pharmacokinetics elucidate. Different strategies been assessed tweak liposomes EVs explored, detailing effects on circulation targeting capacity, cytoplasmic therapeutic cargo. Finally, whether a hybrid system, consisting combination only constituents vesicles, could offer best worlds discussed. Through these topics, novel leads further research provided and, importantly, gain insight what liposome EV can learn from each other.

Язык: Английский

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The impact of storage on extracellular vesicles: A systematic study

Journal of Extracellular Vesicles, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 11(2)

Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2022

Abstract Mounting evidence suggests that storage has an impact on extracellular vesicles (EVs) properties. While −80°C is a widespread approach, some authors proposed improved strategies with conflicting results. Here, we designed systematic study to assess the of and freeze‐thaw cycles EVs. We tested differences among eight investigated possible fusion phenomena occurring during storage. EVs were collected from human plasma murine microglia culture by size exclusion chromatography ultracentrifugation, respectively. The analysis included: concentration, zeta potential (tunable resistive pulse sensing), contaminant protein assessment; flow cytometry for two single fluorescent‐tagged populations (GFP mCherry), mixed before preservation. found reduces concentration sample purity in time‐dependent manner. Furthermore, it increases particle variability modifies potential, shift size‐charge plots. None conditions prevented observed effects. Freeze‐thaw lead reduction after first cycle cycle‐dependent increase size. With cytometry, storage, significant population double‐positive + ‐mCherry ). This observation may suggest occurrence Our findings show samples terms loss, leading artefactual particles. Depending downstream analyses experimental settings, should probably be processed fresh, non‐archival, majority cases.

Язык: Английский

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Exosomes as bio-inspired nanocarriers for RNA delivery: preparation and applications

Journal of Translational Medicine, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 20(1)

Опубликована: Март 14, 2022

Abstract Nanocarriers as drug/biomolecule delivery systems have been significantly developed during recent decades. Given the stability, reasonable efficiency, and safety of nanocarriers, there are several barriers in fulfillment successful clinical application these systems. These challenges encouraged drug researchers to establish innovative nanocarriers with longer circulation time, high compatibility. Exosomes extracellular nanometer-sized vesicles released through various cells. serve possessing great potential overcome some obstacles encountered gene due their natural affinity recipient cells inherent capability shuttle genes, lipids, proteins, RNAs between So far, has a lot valuable research on by exosomes, but RNA delivery, especially mRNA, is very limited. Since mRNA-based vaccines therapies recently gained particular prominence diseases, it essential find suitable system large size destructive nature nucleic acids. That's why we're going take look at unique features exosomes isolation loading methods, embrace this idea that exosome-mediated would be introduced efficient strategy disease treatment within near future. Graphical

Язык: Английский

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A Comparison of Cellular Uptake Mechanisms, Delivery Efficacy, and Intracellular Fate between Liposomes and Extracellular Vesicles

Advanced Healthcare Materials, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(25)

Опубликована: Июнь 29, 2023

Abstract A key aspect for successful drug delivery via lipid‐based nanoparticles is their internalization in target cells. Two prominent examples of such systems are artificial phospholipid‐based carriers, as liposomes, and biological counterparts, the extracellular vesicles (EVs). Despite a wealth literature, it remains unclear which mechanisms precisely orchestrate nanoparticle‐mediated cargo to recipient cells subsequent intracellular fate therapeutic cargo. In this review, involved uptake liposomes EVs by evaluated, also exploring after trafficking. Opportunities highlighted tweak these fates enhance efficacy systems. Overall, literature date shows that both predominantly internalized through classical endocytosis mechanisms, sharing common fate: accumulation inside lysosomes. Studies tackling differences between EVs, with respect cellular uptake, therapy efficacy, remain scarce, despite its importance selection an appropriate system. addition, further exploration functionalization strategies represents important avenue pursue order control fate, thereby improving efficacy.

Язык: Английский

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Nanoliposomes in Cancer Therapy: Marketed Products and Current Clinical Trials

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 23(8), С. 4249 - 4249

Опубликована: Апрель 12, 2022

The drugs used for cancer treatment have many drawbacks, as they damage both tumor and healthy cells and, in addition, tend to be poorly soluble drugs. Their transport nanoparticles can solve these problems release the drug into tissues, well improve their solubility, bioavailability, efficacy, reducing adverse effects. This article focuses on advantages that nanotechnology bring medicine, with special emphasis nanoliposomes. For this, a review has been made of nanoliposomal systems marketed cancer, those are research phase, highlighting clinical trials being carried out. All liposomes studied intravenously administered, showing reduced intensity side-effects compared nonliposomal form. Doxorubicin is active ingredient most frequently employed. Ongoing expand availability liposomal medicines new indications. In conclusion, introduction nanoliposomes means an improvement efficacy quality life patients. future focus could directed develop multifunctional targeted using anticancer drugs, different types existing or standardized methodologies easily translated industrial scale.

Язык: Английский

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Biodistribution, pharmacokinetics and excretion studies of intravenously injected nanoparticles and extracellular vesicles: Possibilities and challenges

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 186, С. 114326 - 114326

Опубликована: Май 16, 2022

There is a large interest in developing nanoparticles and extracellular vesicles for delivery of therapeutics or imaging agents. Regulatory approval such products requires knowledge about their biodistribution, metabolism excretion. We here discuss possibilities challenges methods used studies, which most often are performed after labelling with radioactive isotopes fluorescent molecules. It important to evaluate if the labelled unlabeled can be expected behave similarly body. Furthermore, one needs critically consider whether labels still associated product at time analyses. advantages disadvantages different modalities as PET, SPECT, MRI, CT, ultrasound optical whole-body describe how estimate amount harvested organs tissue. Microscopy cells tissues various mass spectrometry also discussed this review.

Язык: Английский

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Polymer-Modified Liposomes for Drug Delivery: From Fundamentals to Applications

Pharmaceutics, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 14(4), С. 778 - 778

Опубликована: Апрель 2, 2022

Liposomes are highly advantageous platforms for drug delivery. To improve the colloidal stability and avoid rapid uptake by mononuclear phagocytic system of conventional liposomes while controlling release encapsulated agents, modification with well-designed polymers to modulate physiological, particularly interfacial properties carriers, has been intensively investigated. Briefly, incorporated into mainly using "grafting" or "coating", defined according configuration at surface. Polymer-modified preserve advantages as drug-delivery carriers possess specific functionality from polymers, such long circulation, precise targeting, stimulus-responsiveness, thereby resulting in improved pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, toxicity, therapeutic efficacy. In this review, we summarize progress polymer-modified delivery, focusing on change physiological factors influencing overall

Язык: Английский

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Current challenges and future directions for engineering extracellular vesicles for heart, lung, blood and sleep diseases

Journal of Extracellular Vesicles, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(2)

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2023

Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) carry diverse bioactive components including nucleic acids, proteins, lipids and metabolites that play versatile roles in intercellular interorgan communication. The capability to modulate their stability, tissue‐specific targeting cargo render EVs as promising nanotherapeutics for treating heart, lung, blood sleep (HLBS) diseases. However, current limitations large‐scale manufacturing of therapeutic‐grade EVs, knowledge gaps EV biogenesis heterogeneity pose significant challenges clinical application diagnostics or therapeutics HLBS To address these challenges, a strategic workshop with multidisciplinary experts biology U.S. Food Drug Administration (USFDA) officials was convened by the National Heart, Lung Blood Institute. presentations discussions were focused on summarizing state science technology engineering therapeutic diseases, identifying critical regulatory suggesting potential solutions promulgate translation clinic. Benchmarks meet quality attributes set USFDA other cell‐based discussed. Development novel strategies approaches scaling‐up production control/quality analysis (QC/QA) EV‐based recognized necessary milestones future investigations.

Язык: Английский

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New strategies of neurodegenerative disease treatment with extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)

Theranostics, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(12), С. 4138 - 4165

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the progressive loss of neurons and intricate interactions between different cell types within affected regions.Reliable biomarkers that can accurately reflect disease activity, diagnose, monitor progression neurodegenerative crucial for development effective therapies.However, identifying suitable has been challenging due to heterogeneous nature these diseases, affecting specific subsets in brain regions.One promising approach promoting regeneration recovery involves transplantation mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).MSCs have demonstrated ability modulate immune system, promote neurite outgrowth, stimulate angiogenesis, repair damaged tissues, partially through release their extracellular vesicles (EVs).MSC-derived EVs retain some therapeutic characteristics parent MSCs, including regulate facilitate tissue repair.This review aims explore potential MSC-derived as an emerging strategy highlighting role modulating neuronal recovery.By elucidating mechanisms which exert effects, we advance our understanding leverage novel treatment approaches field diseases.

Язык: Английский

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Therapeutic DNAzymes: From Structure Design to Clinical Applications

Advanced Materials, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 35(30)

Опубликована: Фев. 5, 2023

Therapeutic DNAzymes have unceasingly intrigued the scientific community owing to their prosperous gene regulation capability. The efficacy of against many types diseases has been extensively studied for over two decades. However, high expectations are still not translated clinic because low effectiveness in vivo. Over last five years, several aspects considered optimize DNAzyme-integrated therapeutics, including structural stability, mechanism exploration, cell internalization rate, cofactor activation, and off-target effects. Hence, this review first discusses early monotherapy design DNAzymes. Subsequently, latest modes action reviewed, followed by an elaboration on stabilization strategies considering catalytic core substrate-binding arms. DNAzyme-based synergistic therapy is then examined, highlighting responsive carrier construction, effects, discovered advanced functions, concerns. Beyond this, key clinical advances elucidated showcasing progress. Finally, future trends development challenges DNAzyme-powered therapeutics coming years discussed detail.

Язык: Английский

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