Advanced Materials Technologies,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Ноя. 2, 2024
Abstract
Over
the
past
decade,
significant
advancements
in
micro‐nano
robots
have
enabled
non‐invasive
operations
hazardous,
confined
environments,
particularly
targeting
persistent
bacterial
biofilms
hard‐to‐reach
areas.
However,
many
of
these
are
limited
by
poor
magnetic
properties,
hindering
their
effectiveness
against
biofilms.
This
study
proposes
a
novel
strategy
using
swarm
with
strong
effects
(Hercules
swarm)
combined
near‐infrared
(NIR)
light
for
effective
biofilm
eradication.
Carbonyl
iron
particles
coated
polydopamine
(CI@PDA),
averaging
≈3
µm
diameter,
demonstrate
clustering
and
magneto‐force
under
rotating
field
due
to
large
saturation.
enables
Hercules
achieve
rapid
delivery
(100
mm
s
−1
),
efficient
cargo
transport
(carrying
twice
its
own
weight),
catheter
clearance
(1
min
).
The
controllable
motion
high
photothermal
activity
enable
precise
eradication
without
toxic
agents.
aggregation
into
chains
rotation
explored
improved
particle
dynamic
model.
Simulations
also
reveal
enhanced
fluid
convection
mechanical
pressure
around
chain.
Due
easy
operation,
straightforward
controllability,
environmental
compatibility,
emerges
as
promising
treatment
modality
eliminating
entrenched
within
intricate,
narrow,
convoluted
medical
implants
or
industrial
conduits.
This
review
highlights
recent
technological
advances
for
progress
in
particle
manipulation
under
X-force
fields,
and
forecasts
the
trajectory
of
future
developments.
Nano-/microrobots
have
been
demonstrated
as
an
efficient
solution
for
environmental
remediation.
Their
strength
lies
in
their
propulsion
abilities
that
allow
active
“on-the-fly”
operation,
such
pollutant
detection,
capture,
transport,
degradation,
and
disruption.
Another
advantage
is
versatility,
which
allows
the
engineering
of
highly
functional
solutions
a
specific
application.
However,
latter
can
bring
complexity
to
applications;
versatility
dimensionality,
morphology,
materials,
surface
decorations,
other
modifications
has
crucial
effect
on
resulting
abilities,
compatibility
with
environment,
overall
functionality.
Synergy
between
decorations
its
projection
functionality
object
nanoarchitectonics.
Here,
we
scrutinize
nano-/microrobots
eyes
nanoarchitectonics:
list
general
concepts
help
assess
synergy
limitations
individual
procedures
fabrication
processes
operation
at
macroscale.
The
nanoarchitectonics
approached
from
microscopic
level,
focusing
dimensionality
through
nanoscopic
evaluating
influence
decoration
nanoparticles
quantum
dots,
moving
molecular
single-atomic
level
very
fine
tuning
presented
review
aims
lay
provide
overview
advanced
nano-/microrobot
remediation
beyond.
The European Physical Journal E,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
48(2)
Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025
In
the
past
years,
amount
of
research
on
active
matter
has
grown
extremely
rapidly,
a
fact
that
is
reflected
in
particular
by
existence
more
than
1000
reviews
this
topic.
Moreover,
field
become
very
diverse,
ranging
from
theoretical
studies
statistical
mechanics
particles
to
applied
work
medical
applications
microrobots
and
biological
systems
artificial
swimmers.
This
makes
it
difficult
get
an
overview
over
as
whole.
Here,
we
provide
such
form
metareview
article
surveys
existing
review
articles
books
matter.
Thereby,
provides
useful
starting
point
for
finding
literature
about
specific
Cancer
poses
a
substantial
threat
and
serious
challenge
to
public
human
health,
driving
the
promotion
of
sophisticated
technologies
for
cancer
therapy.
While
conventional
chemotherapy
has
bottlenecks
such
as
low
delivery
efficiency,
strong
toxic
side
effects,
tumor
enrichment
barriers,
magnetic
micro/nanorobots
(MNRs)
emerge
promising
therapeutic
candidates
that
provide
alternative
strategies
MNR
is
kind
human-made
machine
micro-
or
nanosized,
reasonably
designed,
performs
command
tasks
through
self-actuated
externally
controlled
propulsion
mechanisms,
which
can
be
potentially
applied
in
theranostics.
Here,
this
review
first
introduces
components
constitute
typical
MNR,
including
body
part,
control
function
sensing
part.
Subsequently,
elucidates
representative
fabrication
methods
construct
MNRs
from
top-down
approaches
bottom-up
approaches,
covering
injection
molding,
self-rolling,
melt
electrospinning
writing,
deposition,
biotemplate
method,
lithography,
assembling,
3D
printing,
chemical
synthesis.
Furthermore,
focuses
on
multiple
applications
facing
diagnosis
treatment,
encompassing
imaging,
quantification,
drug
release,
synergy
with
therapies,
cell
manipulation,
surgical
assistance.
Then,
systematically
elaborates
biocompatibility
biosafety
MNRs.
Finally,
challenges
faced
by
are
discussed
alongside
future
research
directions.
This
intended
scientific
guidance
may
improve
comprehension
cognition
theranostics
platform
MNRs,
promoting
prospering
practical
application
development
Applied Physics Reviews,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
12(2)
Опубликована: Апрель 15, 2025
Spinel
cobalt
ferrite
(CoFe2O4,
CFO)
nanoparticles
(NPs)
are
a
major
focus
of
fundamental
science
and
technological
innovation
due
to
their
distinctive
mix
magnetic,
electrical,
chemical
characteristics.
CFO
NPs
have
outstanding
stability,
modest
saturation
magnetism
(∼80
emu/g),
high
Curie
temperature
(∼793
K),
significant
magnetocrystalline
anisotropy.
These
characteristics,
further
improved
by
cation
substitution
surface
functionalization,
enable
wide
range
applications.
This
review
provides
comprehensive
analysis
NPs,
covering
synthesis
methods,
physicochemical
characterization,
modifications,
diverse
We
compare
the
environmental
impact,
scalability,
yield,
particle
size
control
variety
techniques,
including
co-precipitation,
hydrothermal,
sol-gel
route,
combustion
method,
microemulsion,
thermal
decomposition,
electrochemical
synthesis,
polyol
green
methods.
The
sustainable
alternative
which
employs
plant-
microbe-mediated
biosynthesis,
is
becoming
increasingly
important
in
biomedical
sectors.
Furthermore,
we
explore
advanced
functionalization
techniques
that
employ
monomeric,
inorganic,
polymeric
stabilizers
improve
biocompatibility
stability
NPs.
effects
(such
as
transition
metals
rare-earth
dopants)
on
magnetic
properties
examined
detail,
addressing
challenges
like
cost
real-world
Moreover,
present
detailed
discussion
correlating
structural,
morphological,
dielectric,
optical,
electrical
with
methods
modifications.
traditional
energy
storage
conversion
applications
comprehensively
discussed.
Additionally,
highlights
applications,
(e.g.,
MRI
contrast
agents,
hyperthermia,
biosensors),
role
electronics
optoelectronics,
purification
catalysis
well
advances
electromagnetic
technologies.
Emerging
roles
quantum
computing,
nanorobotics,
tissue
engineering,
bioimaging,
also
discussed,
emphasizing
cutting-edge
potential
multifunctional
objective
this
critically
evaluate
recent
advancements,
challenges,
future
research
directions
bridge
divide
understanding
systematic
evaluation
establishes
strong
foundation
for
researchers,
allowing
them
investigate
novel
both
current
emerging
domains.
Advanced Healthcare Materials,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Окт. 7, 2024
Abstract
Biohybrid
micro/nanorobots
hold
a
great
potential
for
advancing
biomedical
research.
These
tiny
structures,
designed
to
mimic
biological
organisms,
offer
promising
method
targeted
drug
delivery,
tissue
engineering,
biosensing/imaging,
and
cancer
therapy,
among
other
applications.
The
integration
of
biology
robotics
opens
new
possibilities
minimally
invasive
surgeries
personalized
healthcare
solutions.
key
challenges
in
the
development
biohybrid
include
ensuring
biocompatibility,
addressing
manufacturing
scalability,
enhancing
navigation
localization
capabilities,
maintaining
stability
dynamic
environments,
navigating
regulatory
hurdles,
successfully
translating
these
innovative
technologies
into
clinical
Herein,
recent
advancements,
challenges,
future
perspectives
related
applications
are
described.
Indeed,
this
review
sheds
light
on
cutting‐edge
developments
field,
providing
researchers
with
an
updated
overview
current
realm
applications,
offering
insights
their
practical
Furthermore,
it
delves
advancements
field
micro/nanorobotics,
comprehensive
analysis
state‐of‐the‐art
field.
Advanced Materials Technologies,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Май 16, 2024
Abstract
Biomimetic
and
biohybrid
micro/nano‐structures
involve
the
replication
creation
of
technologies,
structures,
materials
based
on
biological
systems
at
micrometer
nanometer
scale.
These
strategies
harness
natural
principles
to
develop
innovative
treatment
methods
advanced
microstructure
devices
for
noninvasive
therapies.
In
this
study,
a
detailed
overview
fabrication
processes,
magnetically
assisted
locomotive
techniques,
potential
applications
biomimetic
micro/nano‐machines
are
presented.
The
latest
advancements
in
actuated
such
as
annelid‐worm‐like
microswimmers,
jellyfish‐shaped
microparticles,
fish‐shaped
walnut‐shaped
micromotors
explored.
Additionally,
magnetic
systems,
including
sunflower
seed‐based
micro‐perforators,
nanomotors
extracted
from
bamboo
stem,
sperm
cell‐based
micromotors,
bacteria‐based
robots,
scaffold‐based
microrobots,
DNA‐based
microalgae‐based
red
blood
microswimmers
also
examined.
A
thorough
investigation
behavior
these
Newtonian
fluids,
featuring
cork‐screw
motion,
undulatory
surface
wrinkling
traveling
wave‐like
ciliary
stroke
motion
is
discussed.
Furthermore,
unprecedented
developed
using
minuscule
cervical
cancer
tetrapod
hybrid
tissue
regeneration
silk
fibroin
protein‐based
microscale
scaffolds,
doxorubicin
drug
delivery
mushroom‐based
microrobots
extensively
