The
technological
requirements
are
changing,
and
there
is
a
push
for
more
effective
energy
production
conversion
technologies
as
result
of
social
desire
sustainable
renewable
sources.
Solar
conversion,
particularly
photovoltaic
cells,
offers
potentially
helpful
solution
in
this
situation.
Power
efficiency
(PCE)
perovskite
solar
cells
(PSCs)
has
been
reported
to
have
increased
significantly
from
3%
26.1%.
transition
laboratory
PSCs
their
commercialization
needs
scalable
deposition
techniques,
high
at
level,
with
minimal
loss
PCE.
In
review
article,
the
fabrication
processes
modules
(PSMs)
challenges,
well
latest
developments
PSM
stability,
focused
on.
Finally,
future
prospectus
challenges
PSMs
presented.
This
will
give
us
an
overall
understanding
thin
film
coating
inside
good
insight
into
direction
development.
Carbon
electrodes
have
gained
significant
attention
as
a
cost‐effective,
sustainable,
stable,
and
scalable
replacement
for
metal
in
perovskite
solar
cells
(PSCs).
However,
traditional
carbon‐electrode‐based
PSCs
(C‐PSCs)
lack
hole‐selective
layer
(HSL)
due
to
their
incompatibility
with
the
most
effective
organic
HSLs
employed
PSC
literature.
In
turn,
absence
of
an
HSL
has
been
identified
one
main
factors
hindering
performance
C‐PSCs.
Consequently,
numerous
studies
recognized
pivotal
significance
region
between
absorber
carbon
electrode
C‐PSCs,
proposing
various
interfacial
engineering
strategies
improve
these
cells.
Given
rapid
evolution
this
field,
up‐to‐date
comprehensive
review
C‐PSCs
is
order.
Key
areas
focus
include
shift
from
high‐temperature
low‐temperature
electrodes,
energetic
alignment
at
interface,
novel
approaches
such
bilayers,
alternative
deposition
methods
reduce
solvent
damage.
Additionally,
presents
meta‐analysis—the
first
its
kind
C‐PSC
literature—to
assess
how
modifications
impact
critical
metrics,
offering
valuable
insights
future
advancements
field.
Over
the
past
decade,
perovskite
solar
cells
(PSCs)
have
achieved
significant
achievements.
But
golden
triangle
problem
of
commercial
development,
which
encompasses
high
efficiency,
stability,
and
low
cost,
remains
unresolved.
Carbon
materials
exhibit
a
diverse
range
morphological
structures
possess
numerous
advantages.
They
are
extensively
used
in
PSCs
to
overcome
challenges
encountered
during
commercialization.
The
utilizing
graphene
as
top
electrodes
not
only
deliver
an
impressive
efficiency
22.8%,
but
also
show
exceptional
long‐term
stability.
using
carbon
nanotubes
transparent
conductive
obtain
19%,
exhibiting
potential
for
scalable
applications.
Herein,
advantages
overviewed.
compatibility
PSCs,
along
with
associated
challenges,
regulatory
strategies,
device
performance
systematically
discussed
terms
their
intrinsic
characteristics.
application
derived
from
petroleum
by‐products
biomass
summarized
detail.
Finally,
underlying
reasons
why
electrode
comparatively
lower
when
compared
conventional
devices
is
analyzed
in‐depth.
research
directions
proposed
promote
development
PSCs.
Communications Materials,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
5(1)
Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2024
Abstract
Perovskite
solar
cells
(PSCs)
with
evaporated
gold
(Au)
electrodes
have
shown
great
efficiencies,
but
the
maturity
of
technology
demands
low-cost
and
scalable
alternatives
to
progress
towards
commercialisation.
Carbon
electrode-based
PSCs
(C-PSCs)
represent
a
promising
alternative,
however,
optimising
interface
between
hole
transport
layer
(HTL)
carbon
electrode
without
damaging
underlying
functional
layers
is
persistent
challenge.
Here,
we
describe
lamination
technique
using
an
isostatic
press
that
can
apply
exceedingly
high
pressure
physically
form
HTL/carbon
on
par
vacuum-evaporated
electrodes,
device.
Research-scale
C-PSCs
power
conversion
efficiency
(PCE)
up
20.8%
are
demonstrated
along
large-area
PCEs
19.8%
16.9%
for
cell
areas
0.95
cm
2
5.5
,
respectively.
The
unencapsulated
significantly
outperform
Au-electrode
devices
in
accelerated
operational
stability
testing
(ISOS-L-1),
retaining
84%
initial
PCE
after
1000
h.
Additionally,
this
versatile
also
used
fabricate
flexible,
roll-to-roll
printed
efficiencies
15.8%.
Journal of Physics Energy,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
6(4), С. 041501 - 041501
Опубликована: Авг. 27, 2024
Abstract
Photovoltaics
(PVs)
are
a
critical
technology
for
curbing
growing
levels
of
anthropogenic
greenhouse
gas
emissions,
and
meeting
increases
in
future
demand
low-carbon
electricity.
In
order
to
fulfill
ambitions
net-zero
carbon
dioxide
equivalent
(CO
2
eq)
emissions
worldwide,
the
global
cumulative
capacity
solar
PVs
must
increase
by
an
magnitude
from
0.9
TW
p
2021
8.5
2050
according
International
Renewable
Energy
Agency,
which
is
considered
be
highly
conservative
estimate.
2020,
Henry
Royce
Institute
brought
together
UK
PV
community
discuss
technological
infrastructure
challenges
that
need
overcome
address
vast
accelerating
deployment.
Herein,
we
examine
key
developments
community,
especially
progress
made
field
since
this
earlier
roadmap,
bringing
experts
primarily
across
breadth
community.
The
focus
both
on
improving
efficiency,
stability
levelized
cost
electricity
current
technologies
utility-scale
PVs,
as
well
fundamental
questions
novel
can
have
significant
impact
emerging
markets,
such
indoor
space
agrivoltaics.
We
advanced
metrology
computational
tools,
synergies
between
fuels,
offer
perspective
environmental
sustainability
industry.
Through
emphasize
promising
pathways
forward
short-
long-term,
communities
working
range
maturity
learn
each
other.
Advanced Functional Materials,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Янв. 10, 2025
Abstract
Perovskite
solar
cells
(PSCs)
have
made
remarkable
strides,
positioning
themselves
as
a
leading
technology
in
the
pursuit
of
efficient
and
affordable
renewable
energy.
A
critical
bottleneck
their
continued
advancement
is
electrode
material,
which
plays
an
important
role
determining
both
device
efficiency
stability.
Carbon‐based
electrodes
emerged
promising
alternative
to
traditional
metal
counterparts,
offering
several
key
benefits,
including
lower
production
costs,
environmental‐friendly,
improved
long‐term
This
review
provides
comprehensive
analysis
material
compatibility,
durability
challenges
recent
advancements
PSCs
with
carbon
electrodes.
By
exploring
innovative
approaches
breakthroughs,
we
aim
pave
way
for
future
development
high‐performance,
cost‐effective,
sustainable
perovskite
photovoltaics.
Journal of Semiconductors,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
46(5), С. 051801 - 051801
Опубликована: Май 1, 2025
Abstract
Due
to
advantages
of
high
power-conversion
efficiency
(PCE),
large
power-to-weight
ratio
(PWR),
low
cost
and
solution
processibility,
flexible
perovskite
solar
cells
(f-PSCs)
have
attracted
extensive
attention
in
recent
years.
The
PCE
f-PSCs
has
developed
rapidly
over
25%,
showing
great
application
prospects
aerospace
wearable
electronic
devices.
This
review
systematically
sorts
device
structures
compositions
f-PSCs,
summarizes
various
methods
improve
its
stability
In
addition,
the
applications
potentials
space
vehicle
aircraft
was
discussed.
At
last,
we
prospect
key
scientific
technological
issues
that
need
be
addressed
for
at
current
stage.
Energy & Environmental Science,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
16(9), С. 3711 - 3733
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023
We
examine
drivers
and
benefits
of
adopting
circular
economy
practices
for
perovskite
solar
cells
(PSCs),
a
promising
low-cost
PV
technology,
identifying
key
challenges
reviewing
research
progress
towards
achieving
PSCs.
Communications Materials,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
5(1)
Опубликована: Май 21, 2024
Abstract
Perovskite
solar
cells
hold
promise
for
cost-effective,
high-efficiency
renewable
energy
generation;
yet
their
commercialization
is
hindered
by
progress
towards
scalable
fabrication
methods.
Roll-to-roll
processing
a
promising
solution
large-scale
production,
and
the
incorporation
of
coated
carbon
electrodes
offers
several
additional
advantages,
including
low-cost
manufacturing
high-stability.
Introducing
compatible
hole
transporting
layer
between
perovskite
significantly
improves
performance.
Here
we
present
study
comparing
four
interlayers
(Spiro-MeOTAD,
PTAA,
PEDOT,
P3HT)
in
printed
devices,
assessing
efficiency,
stability,
scalability.
Our
results
reveal
that
spiro-MeOTAD
PTAA
was
not
with
electrode
however
PEDOT
P3HT
showed
results.
Beyond
photovoltaic
performance,
comparison
terms
toxicity,
cost
reveals
can
be
superior
choice
scaling
up
manufacturing.
These
findings
offer
valuable
insights
optimizing
performance
production
via
roll-to-roll
printing.
Printable
mesoscopic
perovskite
solar
cells
(p-MPSCs)
provide
an
opportunity
for
low-cost
manufacturing
of
photovoltaics.
However,
the
performance
p-MPSCs
is
severely
compromised
by
iodine
defects.
This
study
presents
a
strategy
incorporating
polyaniline
(PANI)
to
achieve
both
recycling
and
defect
passivation
significantly
improve
p-MPSCs.
PANI
captures
immobilizes
ions,
establishing
stable
system
that
effectively
suppresses
loss.
Additionally,
Lewis
base
properties
enable
it
passivate
defects
within
suppress
nonradiative
recombination.
With
synergistic
effects,
increases
power
conversion
efficiency
champion
device
from
18.28%
20.24%.
offers
potential
solution
enhancing
with
promising
implications
practical
applications.
Materials Advances,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
4(17), С. 3863 - 3873
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023
Optimization
of
a
fabrication
procedure
compatible
with
large-scale
production
flexible
perovskite
solar
cells
by
slot-die
coating
in
ambient
atmosphere
at
1
m
min
−1
.
A
maximum
efficiency
19%
1000
lux
was
obtained
using
carbon
electrode.
