Self-healing
hydrogels
can
autonomously
repair
damage,
enhancing
their
performance
stability
and
broadening
applications
as
soft
devices.
Although
the
incorporation
of
dynamic
interactions
enhances
self-healing
capabilities,
it
simultaneously
weakens
hydrogels’
strength.
External
stimuli
such
heating,
while
accelerating
healing
process,
may
also
lead
to
dehydration.
Developing
a
stable
strategy
that
combines
rapid
high
mechanical
strength
is
challenging.
Here,
we
introduce
“salt-welding”
for
high-strength
with
room
temperature
self-healing.
This
achieved
through
borate
ester
bonds
in
salt-responsive
poly(methacrylamide)
hydrogel.
The
process
involves
“salt-fusion”
convert
fractures
into
viscous
liquid
swift
healing,
followed
by
“salt-concretion”
toughen
achieve
posthealing
23
megapascals
95
minutes
at
temperature,
near
100%
efficiency.
Leveraging
tunable
rate,
hydrogel
be
tailored
reparable
wear-resistant
material
damping
device.
Advanced Materials,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Янв. 8, 2025
Abstract
Hydrogels
have
received
great
attention
due
to
their
molecular
designability
and
wide
application
range.
However,
they
are
prone
freeze
at
low
temperatures
the
existence
of
mass
water
molecules,
which
can
damage
flexibility
transparency,
greatly
limiting
use
in
cold
environments.
Although
adding
cryoprotectants
reduce
freezing
point
hydrogels,
it
may
also
deteriorate
mechanical
properties
face
risk
cryoprotectant
leakage.
Herein,
microphase‐separated
structures
hydrogels
regulated
confine
molecules
sub‐6
nm
nanochannels
increase
proportion
bound
water,
endowing
with
intrinsic
anti‐freezing
properties,
high
strength,
good
stretchability,
remarkable
fracture
energy,
puncture
resistance.
Even
after
being
kept
liquid
nitrogen
for
1000
h,
hydrogel
still
maintains
transparency.
The
exhibit
excellent
low‐temperature
shape
memory
intelligent
optical
waveguide
properties.
Additionally,
be
assembled
into
strain
pressure
sensors
flexible
sensing
both
room
temperatures.
intrinsically
offers
broad
prospects
electronic
applications.
Abstract
Addressing
the
diverse
environmental
demands
for
electronic
material
performance,
design
of
a
multifunctional
ionic
conductive
hydrogel
with
mechanical
flexibility,
anti‐freezing
capability,
and
antibacterial
characteristics
represents
an
optimal
solution.
Leveraging
Dead
Sea
effect
strong
hydrogen
bonding,
this
study
exploits
CaCl
2
abundant
hydroxyl
groups
in
phytic
acid
(PA)
to
induce
chain
entanglements,
thereby
constructing
complex,
multi‐crosslinked
network.
Furthermore,
PA
ternary
solvent
systems
(CaCl
/Glycerol/H
O)
synergistically
impart
excellent
strength,
toughness
(with
tensile
strength
8.93
MPa,
elongation
at
break
859.93%,
39.92
MJ
m
−3
),
high
electrical
conductivity,
antifreeze
properties,
strain
sensitivity
(gauge
factor
up
2.10)
hydrogels.
Remarkably,
structure
maintains
stability
even
after
undergoing
6000
loading‐unloading
cycles,
demonstrating
its
outstanding
fatigue
resistance.
Upon
receiving
external
stimuli,
exhibits
response
time
126
ms,
making
it
ideal
dynamic
monitoring
human
motion
signals.
This
offers
novel
insight
into
potential
application
hydrogels
as
flexible
sensors
challenging
environments.
Advanced Functional Materials,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
34(1)
Опубликована: Сен. 15, 2023
Abstract
Organic
photoluminescent
materials
exhibiting
room‐temperature
phosphorescence
(RTP)
have
attracted
widespread
attention.
However,
most
of
them
can
emit
only
in
the
solid
state,
which
strongly
limits
their
applications.
Herein,
a
type
phosphorescent
hydrogel
with
excellent
mechanical
properties
is
prepared
by
immersing
an
as‐prepared
poly(vinyl
alcohol)
(PVA)
poly(sodium
maleate)
solution
and
then
CaCl
2
solution,
followed
drying
under
stretching
at
90
°C
finally
soaking
it
deionized
water
until
equilibrium
swelling
to
produce
alcohol)/poly(calcium
maleate)‐DS
(
PVA/PMACa‐DS)
hydrogels.
Such
hydrogels
exhibit
properties,
showing
tensile
strengths
up
15
MPa,
due
presence
strong
hydrogen
bonding
especially
ionic
bonding.
The
PVA/PMACa‐DS
varied
emission
colors
from
blue
yellow‐green
upon
excitation
312–400
nm
light,
maximum
lifetime
13.4
ms.
Experiments
theoretical
calculations
demonstrate
that
crosslinking
between
Ca
2+
nonconventional
chromophores
prevents
contact
molecules
hence
restricts
nonradiative
decay,
leading
RTP
emission.
This
work
provides
reliable
strategy
for
designing
based
on
nonaromatic
polymers
emerging
Nature Communications,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
15(1)
Опубликована: Фев. 21, 2024
Abstract
Photocured
room
temperature
phosphorescent
(RTP)
materials
hold
great
potential
for
practical
applications
but
are
scarcely
reported.
Here,
we
develop
photocured
RTP
(P-Lig)
using
a
combination
of
lignosulfonate,
acrylamide,
and
ionic
liquid
(1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium
bromide).
With
this
design,
lignosulfonate
simultaneously
serves
as
chromophore
photoinitiator.
Specifically,
in
the
generates
radicals
to
polymerize
acrylamide
upon
UV
irradiation.
The
resulting
is
automatically
confined
an
as-formed
crosslinked
matrix
provide
RTP.
As
such
with
emission
lifetime
~110
ms
observed
from
P-Lig.
Additionally,
energy
transfer
occur
between
P-Lig
Rhodamine
B
(RhB),
triggering
red
afterglow
when
situ
loaded
RhB
(P-Lig/RhB).
demonstration
applications,
P-Lig/RhB
used
coatings
inks
fabricating
3D
information
encryption.
Nano Letters,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
24(17), С. 5351 - 5360
Опубликована: Апрель 18, 2024
Ultrasensitive
and
reliable
conductive
hydrogels
are
significant
in
the
construction
of
human–machine
twinning
systems.
However,
extremely
cold
environments,
freezing
severely
limits
application
hydrogel-based
sensors.
Herein,
building
on
biomimetics,
a
zwitterionic
hydrogel
was
elaborated
for
interaction
employing
multichemical
bonding
synergies
experimental
signal
analyses.
The
covalent
bonds,
hydrogen
electrostatic
interactions
construct
dense
double
network
structure
favorable
stress
dispersion
bond
regeneration.
In
particular,
zwitterions
ionic
conductors
maintained
excellent
strain
response
(99
ms)
electrical
sensitivity
(gauge
factor
=
14.52)
while
immobilizing
water
molecules
to
enhance
weather
resistance
(−68
°C).
Inspired
by
high
sensitivity,
sensors
remote-control
gloves
were
designed
analyzing
signals,
demonstrating
promising
potential
applications
within
specialized
flexible
materials
symbiotic
Materials Horizons,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
11(16), С. 3946 - 3960
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024
Zwitterionic
hydrogels
are
electrically
neutral
materials
with
both
cationic
and
anionic
groups
that
impart
excellent
anti-fouling
properties
ion
channel
orientations.
However,
pure
zwitterionic
generally
exhibit
low
strength
toughness.
In
this
study,
it
has
been
discovered
polymerizable
monomers
in
aqueous
solution
a
unique
liquid-liquid
phase
separation
phenomenon
at
high
monomer
concentration
of
≥50
wt%,
resulting
commercial
compressive
(6.5
MPa)
toughness
(2.12
kJ
m
ACS Nano,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
18(22), С. 14629 - 14639
Опубликована: Май 22, 2024
Natural
bouligand
structures
enable
crustacean
exoskeletons
and
fruits
to
strike
a
combination
of
exceptional
mechanical
robustness
brilliant
chiroptical
properties
owing
multiscale
structural
hierarchy.
However,
integrating
such
high
strength-stiffness-toughness
photonic
functionalities
into
synthetic
hydrogels
still
remains
grand
challenge.
In
this
work,
we
report
simple
yet
general
biomimetic
strategy
construct
an
ultrarobust
hydrogel
by
closely
mimicking
the
natural
structure
at
multilength
scale.
The
hierarchical
engineering
long-range
ordered
cellulose
nanocrystals'
structure,
well-defined
poly(vinyl
alcohol)
nanocrystalline
domains,
dynamic
interfacial
interaction
synergistically
contributes
integration
strength
(23.3
MPa),
superior
modulus
(264
toughness
(54.7
MJ
m
Advanced Functional Materials,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Сен. 6, 2024
Abstract
Flexible
hydrogel
film
sensors
have
great
advantages
as
human–machine
interfaces
for
conformal
contact
with
bio‐tissues,
but
suffer
from
weakness
and
dehydration,
compromising
flexibility
performance.
Here,
a
breathable,
highly
stretchable,
anti‐dehydrating
ultrathin
organohydrogel
skin‐attachable
strain
sensor
long‐term
motion
monitoring
is
developed.
An
electrospun
TPU
(eTPU)
nanomesh
hidden
strength
used
skeleton
to
host
in
situ
free
radical
polymerization
of
2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl
propane
sulfonic
acid
(AMPS)
acrylamide
(AAm)
form
an
interpenetrating
double
network
glycerol
water
solvent.
Extensive
hydrogen
bonding
between
eTPU
P(AMPS‐
co
‐AAm)
yields
(≈200
µm)
synergetic
deformation
energy
dissipation
upon
stretching,
leading
record‐high
stretchability
up
920%,
fracture
toughness
20.14
MJ
m
−3
,
10
000
J
−2
robustness
over
4000
notched
stretching
cylcles
50%
strain.
The
binary
glycerol/water
solvent
imparts
excellent
anti‐dehydration
at
room
temperature
d,
stable
sensory
performance
−20
60
°C.
With
high
vapor
transmission
rate
1.3
kg
d
−1
the
ensures
comfortable
skin
continuous
knee
flexion
throughout
day
signals.
These
are
promising
wearable
applications.
