Advanced Materials,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
37(3)
Опубликована: Сен. 30, 2024
In
Nature,
most
known
objects
can
perform
their
functions
only
when
in
supramolecular
self-assembled
from,
e.g.
protein
complexes
and
cell
membranes.
Here,
a
dendritic
polymer
is
presented
that
inhibits
severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome
coronavirus
2
(SARS-CoV-2)
with
an
irreversible
(virucidal)
mechanism
into
Two-dimmensional
(2D-SupraPol).
Monomeric
analogs
of
the
inhibit
SARS-CoV-2
reversibly,
thus
allowing
for
virus
to
regain
infectivity
after
dilution.
Upon
assembly,
2D-SupraPol
shows
remarkable
half-inhibitory
concentration
(IC50
30
nM)
vitro
vivo
Syrian
Hamster
model
has
good
efficacy.
Using
cryo-TEM,
it
shown
controllable
lateral
size
be
tuned
by
adjusting
pH
use
small
angle
X-ray
neutron
scattering
unveil
architecture
assembly.
This
functional
2D-SupraPol,
its
are
proposed,
as
prophylaxis
nasal
spray
interaction
tract.
Journal of Nanobiotechnology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
23(1)
Опубликована: Март 4, 2025
The
tumor
microenvironment
(TME)
is
a
complex
and
dynamic
ecosystem
that
plays
critical
role
in
cancer
progression.
It
comprises
various
cell
types,
including
immune
cells,
stromal
cells.
Among
these,
cancer-associated
fibroblasts
(CAFs)
represent
heterogeneous
population
with
diverse
origins,
phenotypes,
functions.
Activated
CAFs
secrete
multiple
factors
promote
growth,
migration,
angiogenesis,
contribute
to
chemoresistance.
Additionally,
extracellular
matrix
(ECM)
components,
such
as
collagen,
which
form
physical
barrier
hinders
the
penetration
of
chemotherapeutic
immunotherapeutic
agents.
This
ECM
also
influences
infiltration,
impeding
their
ability
effectively
target
As
result,
modulating
activity
has
emerged
promising
strategy
enhance
efficacy
immunotherapy.
Nano-delivery
systems,
constructed
from
nanomaterials
high
targeting
specificity
biocompatibility,
offer
compelling
approach
deliver
therapeutic
agents
or
immunomodulatory
directly
CAFs.
modulation
can
alter
CAF
function,
reduce
tumor-promoting
effects,
thereby
improve
outcomes
review
provides
an
in-depth
exploration
functions,
interactions
within
TME,
particularly
context
suppression.
Furthermore,
it
discusses
potential
applications
functional
nanocarrifers
enhancing
effectiveness
immunotherapy,
highlighting
significant
progress
nanotechnology
this
area.
Cancer-associated
fibroblasts
(CAFs)
play
a
crucial
role
in
the
tumor
microenvironment
by
promoting
growth,
immune
evasion,
and
metastasis.
Recently,
drug
delivery
systems
targeting
CAFs
have
emerged
as
promising
long-term
effective
approach
to
cancer
treatment.
Advances
nanotechnology,
particular,
led
development
of
nanomedicine
designed
specifically
target
CAFs,
offering
new
possibilities
for
precise
personalized
therapies.
This
article
reviews
recent
progress
using
nanocarriers
that
CAFs.
Additionally,
we
explore
potential
combining
multiple
therapies,
such
chemotherapy
immunotherapy,
with
enhance
efficacy
overcome
resistance.
Although
many
preclinical
studies
show
promise,
clinical
application
still
faces
considerable
challenges,
especially
terms
penetration
large-scale
production.
Therefore,
this
review
aims
provide
fresh
perspective
on
CAF-targeted
highlight
future
research
directions
applications.
Abstract
The
harsh
biological
barriers
and
bacteria
within
tumor
microenvironment
not
only
hinder
drug
penetration
induce
inactivation,
but
also
inhibit
antitumor
immune
responses.
Here
a
dual
cascade‐responsive
multifunctional
nanoparticle,
Gem/Emo@NP@GHA
is
reported,
which
engineered
from
hyaluronidase
(HAase)‐responsive
guanidine
group
functionalized
hyaluronic
acid
(GHA)
shell
glutathione
(GSH)‐responsive
biopolymer
core
(Gem/Emo@NP),
that
encapsulates
anticancer
gemcitabine
(Gem)
two‐photon‐excited
photosensitizer
emodin
(Emo).
constructed
can
specifically
target
the
subsequently
be
degraded
by
HAase‐abundant
in
extracellular
matrix.
Thus,
resulting
Gem/Emo@NP
achieved
size
reduction
charge
reversal,
strengthening
deep
penetration.
Upon
internalization,
positively
charged
effectively
kills
intratumor
inducing
membrane
depolarization.
Furthermore,
high
levels
of
GSH
cells
disrupt
disulfide
bonds
Gem/Emo@NP,
triggering
release.
Thereby,
undecomposed
Gem
successfully
induces
cell
apoptosis
necrosis.
Under
laser
irradiation,
Emo
generates
singlet
oxygen
(
1
O
2
),
further
eliminating
tumors
intracellular
bacteria.
More
importantly,
activate
T
cell‐mediated
response,
enhancing
activity.
These
findings
provide
promising
approach
to
treating
bacterially
infected
through
synergistic
application
chem‐immunotherapy
photodynamic
therapy.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
16
Опубликована: Март 26, 2025
Immunogenic
cell
death
(ICD),
a
type
of
regulatory
death,
plays
an
important
role
in
activating
the
adaptive
immune
response.
Activation
tumor-specific
response
is
accompanied
by
surface
exposure
calreticulin
and
heat-shock
proteins,
secretion
adenosine
triphosphate,
release
high
mobility
group
box-1.
In
this
review,
we
summarize
classify
latest
types
ICD
inducers
their
molecular
mechanisms,
discuss
effects
potential
applications
inducing
chemotherapy
drugs,
targeted
oncolytic
viruses
clinical
research.
We
also
explore
epigenetic
modifiers
induction
ICD,
clarify
synergistic
anti-tumor
nano-pulse
stimulation,
radiosensitizers
for
radiotherapy,
photosensitizers
photodynamic
therapy,
photothermal
other
physical
combined
with
radiotherapy
induced-ICD,
multimodal
immunotherapy.
addition,
elucidate
mechanism
detail,
including
calcium
imbalance,
mitochondrial
stress,
interactions
tumor
microenvironment.
Ultimately,
review
aims
to
offer
deeper
insight
into
factors
mechanisms
provide
theoretical
basis
future
development
ICD-based
Advanced Materials,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
36(35)
Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2024
Bacterial-derived
micro-/nanomedicine
has
garnered
considerable
attention
in
anticancer
therapy,
owing
to
the
unique
natural
features
of
bacteria,
including
specific
targeting
ability,
immunogenic
benefits,
physicochemical
modifiability,
and
biotechnological
editability.
Besides,
bacterial
components
have
also
been
explored
as
promising
drug
delivery
vehicles.
Harnessing
these
features,
cutting-edge
biotechnologies
applied
attenuated
tumor-targeting
bacteria
with
properties
or
functions
for
potent
effective
cancer
treatment,
strategies
gene-editing
genetic
circuits.
Further,
advent
bacteria-inspired
micro-/nanorobots
mimicking
artificial
systems
furnished
fresh
perspectives
formulating
developing
highly
efficient
systems.
Focusing
on
advantages
this
review
delves
into
advances
bacteria-derived
treatment
recent
years,
which
experienced
a
process
from
living
entities
Meanwhile,
summary
relative
clinical
trials
is
provided
primary
challenges
impeding
their
application
are
discussed.
Furthermore,
future
directions
suggested
combat
cancer.
Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Сен. 27, 2024
The
tumor
microenvironment
(TME)
of
breast
cancer
(BC)
is
depicted
as
an
immunosuppressive
dwelling
that
comprises
a
myriad
cell
types
embedded
in
the
extracellular
matrix.
As
one
most
abundant
populations
within
TME,
cancer-associated
fibroblasts
(CAFs)
play
indispensable
roles
increasing
aggressiveness
and
promoting
resistance
to
standard-of-care
therapies.
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
represent
diverse
array
biological
nanoparticles,
encompassing
exosomes,
microvesicles,
apoptotic
bodies.
In
recent
years,
these
cell-derived
membranous
structures
have
raised
great
interest
they
can
encapsulate
numerous
cellular
cargo,
such
proteins,
lipids,
miRNAs.
By
transmitting
bioactive
content
recipient
cells,
EVs
pivotal
intercellular
communication
between
CAFs
cells.
secreted
from
cells
typically
activate
resident
acquire
myofibroblastic
phenotype,
while
diffused
by
CAFs,
turn,
substantially
increase
progression
BC.
This
review
summarizes
latest
findings
highlight
functional
role
EV
especially
miRNAs,
regulatory
network.
A
better
understanding
EV-mediated
cell-cell
interactions
crucial
achieving
effective
treatment
patients
with
