Efficient and Scalable Direct Regeneration of Spent Layered Cathode Materials via Advanced Oxidation

Advanced Materials, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 13, 2025

Abstract Among direct recycling methods for spent lithium‐ion batteries, solid‐state regeneration is the route with minimal bottlenecks industrial application and highly compatible current cathode materials production processes. However, surface structure degradation interfacial impurities of cathodes significantly hinder Li + replenishment during restoration. Herein, we propose a unique advanced oxidation strategy that leverages inherent catalytic activity layered to address these challenges. This decomposes H 2 O generate •OH •O − free radicals, facilitating reactions cathode. As result, this approach effectively elevates Ni valence state, modifies microstructure, eliminates fluorine‐containing interface impurities, thereby promoting process. The regenerated LiNi 0.83 Co 0.12 Mn 0.05 demonstrate specific capacity 206 mAh g −1 at 0.1 C, comparable commercially available cathodes. Meanwhile, proves adaptable scalable treating dismantled 0.5 0.2 0.3 black mass. A 3.1 Ah pouch cell assembled exhibits impressive retention 74% after 500 cycles. Additionally, techno‐economic analysis reveals possesses low energy consumption, environmental footprint, high economic viability, suggesting its suitability battery industry.

Язык: Английский

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Surface Catalytic Repair for the Efficient Regeneration of Spent Layered Oxide Cathodes

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Сен. 24, 2024

Direct recycling is considered to be the next-generation technology for spent lithium-ion batteries due its potential economic benefits and environmental friendliness. For layered oxide cathode materials, an irreversible phase transition a rock-salt structure near particle surface impedes reintercalation of lithium ions, thereby hindering compensation process from fully restoring composition defects repairing failed structures. We introduced transition-metal hydroxide precursor, utilizing catalytic activity produced during annealing convert into that provides fast migration pathways ions. The material repair synthesis processes share same heating program, enabling added precursor undergo topological transformation form targeted oxide. This regenerated exhibits performance superior commercial cathodes maintains 88.4% initial capacity after 1000 cycles in 1.3 Ah pouch cell. Techno-economic analysis highlights advantages over pyrometallurgical hydrometallurgical methods, indicating practical application.

Язык: Английский

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The Fischer‐lactonization‐driven mechanism for ultra‐efficient recycling of spent lithium‐ion batteries

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Окт. 12, 2024

Hydrometallurgy remains a major challenge to simplify its complex separation and precipitation processes for spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Herein, we propose Fischer-lactonization-driven mechanism the cascade reaction of leaching chelation LIBs. Citric acid undergoes two-step dissociation carboxylic (-COOH) complexes with leached metal ion, while residual -COOH is attacked by H protons form protonated carboxyl ion (-COO -). Subsequently, lone pair electrons in hydroxyl same molecule attack carbon atom -COO - facilitate ester bonding, leading formation lactonized gel. The rates Li, Ni, Co Mn are 99.3, 99.1, 99.5 99.2 %, respectively. regenerated monocrystalline LiNi

Язык: Английский

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High Temperature Molten Salts Mediated Deep Regeneration and Recrystallization of Ternary Nickle-Rich Cathodes

Advanced Powder Materials, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 100266 - 100266

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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A Universal Solution for Direct Regeneration of Spent Lithium Iron Phosphate

Advanced Materials, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 23, 2025

Abstract Lithiation reactions driven by chemical potential offer a promising avenue for directly regenerating degraded lithium iron phosphate (LFP). However, the choice of solution system significantly influences supplementation where improper selection may result in poor recovery or extremely slow kinetics. Herein, it is identified that most critical factor affecting repair effectiveness redox anions solution, which determines whether spent LFP (SLFP) can undergo spontaneous lithiation under ambient conditions. Then, machine learning (ML) used prediction and screening huge systems, finally general strategy proposed: creating low incorporates with either moderate at high concentrations. As demonstration, regenerated ascorbic acid LiOH systems exhibits discharge capacity 144 mAh g −1 1 C, retaining 96% its after 500 cycles 5 C. This work establishes an important criteria designing to restore LFP, marking significant advancement direct regeneration cathode materials from lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs).

Язык: Английский

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Closed‐Loop Recycling Methods to Treat Spent Cathode: Efficient and Direct Regeneration

Advanced Functional Materials, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025

Abstract Direct regeneration of spent lithium batteries (LIBs) cathodes has emerged as a transformative regimen to address the urgent need for sustainable recycling methods and mitigate critical shortage metal resources driven by escalating LIB demand. Unlike conventional focused on extraction separation, direct restores functionality cathode in situ, streamlining process enhancing efficiency. Effective necessitates comprehensive understanding failure mechanisms pretreatment processes. Critical strategies include reducing (Li) migration barrier enable complete reinsertion into structure minimizing Li‐transition anti‐site defects reconstruct lattice. This review summarizes advancements mechanisms, techniques, cathode, emphasizing principles innovations regeneration. By evaluating advantages limitations current approaches, opportunities are identified innovation overcome existing challenges. Future research priorities proposed advance technologies, fostering more efficient systems.

Язык: Английский

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Understanding materials failure mechanisms for the optimization of lithium-ion battery recycling

Nature Reviews Materials, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 20, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Recycling of Spent Lithium Iron Phosphate Cathodes: Challenges and Progress

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Сен. 16, 2024

The number of spent lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO

Язык: Английский

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Tetrahedral Lithium Stuffing in Disordered Rocksalt Cathodes for High-Power-Density and Energy-Density Batteries

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 22, 2025

Li-rich cation-disordered rocksalt (DRX) materials introduce new paradigms in the design of high-capacity Li-ion battery cathode materials. However, DRX show strikingly sluggish kinetics due to random Li percolation with poor rate performance. Here, we demonstrate that stuffing into tetrahedral sites Mn-based skeleton injects a novel tetrahedron-octahedron-tetrahedron diffusion path, which acts as low-energy-barrier hub facilitate high-speed transport. Moreover, enhanced stability lattice oxygen and suppression transition metal migration preserve efficacy network during cycling. Overall, material exhibits high energy density (311 mAh g–1, 923 Wh kg–1) power (251 697 kg–1 at 1000 mA g–1). Our results highlight potential develop high-performance earth-abundant within extensive range compounds.

Язык: Английский

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Recycling and regeneration of failed layered oxide cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries

Materials Horizons, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

With broad usage of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in electronic devices and electric vehicles (EVs), a large number decommissioned LIBs will be generated, which cause serious environmental pollution waste resources.

Язык: Английский

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