Alginate Sphere-Based Soft Actuators DOI Creative Commons
Umme Salma Khanam, Hyeon Taek Jeong, Rahim Mutlu

и другие.

Gels, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 11(6), С. 432 - 432

Опубликована: Июнь 5, 2025

Alginate hydrogels offer distinct advantages as ionically crosslinked, biocompatible networks that can be shaped into spherical beads with high compositional flexibility. These architectures provide isotropic geometry, modularity and the capacity for encapsulation, making them ideal platforms scalable, stimuli-responsive actuation. Their ability to respond thermal, magnetic, electrical, optical chemical stimuli has enabled applications in targeted delivery, artificial muscles, microrobotics environmental interfaces. This review examines recent advances alginate sphere-based actuators, focusing on fabrication methods such droplet microfluidics, coaxial flow functional surface patterning, strategies introducing multi-stimuli responsiveness using smart polymers, nanoparticles biologically active components. Actuation behaviours are understood correlated physical mechanisms including swelling kinetics, photothermal effects field-induced torque, supported by analytical multiphysics models. demonstrated functionalities include shape transformation, locomotion mechano-optical feedback. The concludes an outlook existing limitations, material stability, cyclic durability integration complexity, proposes future directions toward development of autonomous, multifunctional soft systems.

Язык: Английский

Nanoporous Bisphenol A-Based Polymeric Network Featuring Spontaneous Microphase-Separation Enables Transparent Multifunctional Hydrogels DOI

Wenqing Zhao,

Jiawei Qin, Yao‐Yu Xiao

и другие.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 21, 2025

Multifunctional hydrogels have garnered significant interest but remain challenging due to the complex preparation process and high cost of raw materials. Herein, bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) poly(ethylene glycol) (PEGDGE) were reacted with 3-amino-1-propanol via a catalyst-free amine–epoxy "click" chemistry, followed by addition hydrophilic 1,3-propane sultone (1,3-PS) higher water content, then cross-linked hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) in one-pot provide polymer network, i.e., PBAxPEGyPU–PS. The two-step cross-linking method enables greater precision controlling density process. situ microphase-separated porous PBA50PEG50PU–PS demonstrates nanosized pores approximately 100 nm uniform distribution thermodynamic incompatibility, enabling superior mechanical properties transparency 87.9%. Upon absorption loss cycle, 89.7% was obtained lower pore 50 solvent-induced self-assembly its amphiphilic structure. Furthermore, bilayer hydrogel composed WPBA90PEG10PU–PS WPBA50PEG50PU–PS designed for "Janus" soft actuator based on difference between two sides swelling ability upon absorption, which has been applied underwater grasping humidity-responsive switch. To maintain inherent elasticity conductivity hydrogel, glycerol (Gly) sodium ion (Na+) introduced into mixture. It shows that WPBA50PEG50PU–PS/Gly67 maintains environmental stability more than 80% weight at 20 °C 72 h additional frost resistance −20 °C, dual network WPBA50PEG50PU–PS/Gly67/Na10 exhibits best comprehensive tensile strength good conductivity. Meanwhile, 1,3-PS provides quaternary ammonium salt sulfobetaine, endowing multicomponent antibacterial sensing capabilities. This work versatile approach preparing transparent multifunctional highlights their potential various applications.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0
Hydrogel-Based Continuum Soft Robots DOI Creative Commons
Honghong Wang, Jingli Du, Yi Mao

и другие.

Gels, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 11(4), С. 254 - 254

Опубликована: Март 27, 2025

This paper comprehensively reviews the latest advances in hydrogel-based continuum soft robots. Hydrogels exhibit exceptional flexibility and adaptability compared to traditional robots reliant on rigid structures, making them ideal as biomimetic robotic skins platforms for constructing highly accurate, real-time responsive sensory interfaces. The article systematically summarizes recent research developments across several key dimensions, including application domains, fabrication methods, actuator technologies, sensing mechanisms. From an perspective, span healthcare, manufacturing, agriculture. Regarding techniques, extensively explores crosslinking additive microfluidics, other related processes. Additionally, categorizes thoroughly discusses various actuators solute/solvent variations, pH, chemical reactions, temperature, light, magnetic fields, electric hydraulic/electro-osmotic stimuli, humidity. It also details strategies designing implementing diverse sensors, strain, pressure, humidity, conductive, magnetic, thermal, gas, optical, multimodal sensors. Finally, offers in-depth discussion of prospective applications robots, particularly emphasizing their potential medical industrial fields. Concluding remarks include a forward-looking outlook highlighting future challenges promising directions.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0
Sustainable photo polymerization process toward functional macromolecules DOI
Bhanendra Sahu,

Amul Jain,

S. Maity

и другие.

Journal of Macromolecular Science Part A, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 1 - 16

Опубликована: Июнь 3, 2025

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0
Alginate Sphere-Based Soft Actuators DOI Creative Commons
Umme Salma Khanam, Hyeon Taek Jeong, Rahim Mutlu

и другие.

Gels, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 11(6), С. 432 - 432

Опубликована: Июнь 5, 2025

Alginate hydrogels offer distinct advantages as ionically crosslinked, biocompatible networks that can be shaped into spherical beads with high compositional flexibility. These architectures provide isotropic geometry, modularity and the capacity for encapsulation, making them ideal platforms scalable, stimuli-responsive actuation. Their ability to respond thermal, magnetic, electrical, optical chemical stimuli has enabled applications in targeted delivery, artificial muscles, microrobotics environmental interfaces. This review examines recent advances alginate sphere-based actuators, focusing on fabrication methods such droplet microfluidics, coaxial flow functional surface patterning, strategies introducing multi-stimuli responsiveness using smart polymers, nanoparticles biologically active components. Actuation behaviours are understood correlated physical mechanisms including swelling kinetics, photothermal effects field-induced torque, supported by analytical multiphysics models. demonstrated functionalities include shape transformation, locomotion mechano-optical feedback. The concludes an outlook existing limitations, material stability, cyclic durability integration complexity, proposes future directions toward development of autonomous, multifunctional soft systems.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0