Two‐Photon Polymerization Lithography for Optics and Photonics: Fundamentals, Materials, Technologies, and Applications

Advanced Functional Materials, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 33(39)

Опубликована: Март 22, 2023

Abstract The rapid development of additive manufacturing has fueled a revolution in various research fields and industrial applications. Among the myriad advanced 3D printing techniques, two‐photon polymerization lithography (TPL) uniquely offers significant advantage nanoscale print resolution, been widely employed diverse fields, for example, life sciences, materials mechanics, microfluidics. More recently, by virtue optical transparency most resins used, TPL is finding new applications optics photonics, with nanometer to millimeter feature dimensions. It enables minimization elements systems, exploration light‐matter interactions degrees freedom, never possible before. To review recent progress related research, it starts fundamentals material formulation, then discusses novel fabrication methods, wide range These notably include diffractive, topological, quantum, color optics. With panoramic view development, concluded insights perspectives future potential

Язык: Английский

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Two‐Photon Polymerization: Fundamentals, Materials, and Chemical Modification Strategies

Advanced Science, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 10(7)

Опубликована: Дек. 30, 2022

Abstract Two‐photon polymerization (TPP) has become a premier state‐of‐the‐art method for microscale fabrication of bespoke polymeric devices and surfaces. With applications ranging from the production optical, drug delivery, tissue engineering, microfluidic devices, TPP grown immensely in past two decades. Significantly, field expanded standard acrylate‐ epoxy‐based photoresists to custom formulated monomers designed change hydrophilicity, surface chemistry, mechanical properties, more resulting structures. This review explains essentials TPP, its initial conception through operating principles advanced chemical modification strategies materials. At outset, fundamental chemistries radical cationic are described, along with used tailor functional properties. then describes systems introduces an array commonly including hard polyacrylic resins, soft hydrogel acrylic esters, epoxides, organic/inorganic hybrid Specific examples each class—including chemically modified photoresists—are described inform understanding their fields tissue‐engineering scaffolds, micromedical, delivery devices.

Язык: Английский

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3D printing of magneto-active smart materials for advanced actuators and soft robotics applications

European Polymer Journal, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 205, С. 112718 - 112718

Опубликована: Янв. 2, 2024

In the contemporary era, novel manufacturing technologies like additive (AM) have revolutionized different engineering sectors including biomedical, aerospace, electronics, etc. Four-dimensional (4D) printing aka AM of smart materials is gaining popularity among scientific community, which has excellent ability to make soft structures such as robots, actuators, and grippers. These are developed by applying various stimuli pH, temperature, magnetic field, many combinations onto materials. Stimuli in 3D permit shape-morphing behaviors bending, twisting, folding, swelling, rolling, shrinking, origami, or locomotion. A wide variety can be fabricated through incorporation hard particles into resulting magneto-active (MASMs). With this integration, magneto-thermal coupling actuation allows diverse magneto-deformations, facilitating development personalized devices that capable enhanced deformation. review, guidelines provided on for MASMs polymers (MAPs), composites, hydrogels (MAHs) booming flexible wearable biomimetic devices. Moreover, 3D-printed robotics an outstanding capacity adapt complicated situations advanced actuating applications. Finally, some current challenges emerging areas exciting technology been proposed. Lastly, it anticipated technological advancements developing intelligent will a significant impact design real-world

Язык: Английский

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Recent Advances in the Additive Manufacturing of Stimuli‐Responsive Soft Polymers

Advanced Engineering Materials, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 25(21)

Опубликована: Авг. 29, 2023

Stimuli‐responsive polymers (SRPs) are special types of soft materials, which have been extensively used for developing flexible actuators, robots, wearable devices, sensors, self‐expanding structures, and biomedical thanks to their ability change shapes functional properties in response external stimuli including light, humidity, heat, pH, electric field, solvent, magnetic field or combinations two more these stimuli. In recent years, additive manufacturing (AM) aka 3D printing technology SRPs, also known as 4D printing, has gained phenomenal attention different engineering fields, its unique develop complex, personalized, innovative undergo twisting, elongating, swelling, rolling, shrinking, bending, spiraling, other complex morphological transformations. Herein, an effort made provide insightful information about the AM techniques, type applications including, but not limited tissue engineering, bionics, construction, smart textiles. This article incorporates current challenges prospects, hoping basis utilization this fields. It is expected that amalgamation with SRPs would unparalleled advantages arenas.

Язык: Английский

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Recent Inventions in Additive Manufacturing: Holistic Review

Inventions, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 8(4), С. 103 - 103

Опубликована: Авг. 11, 2023

This general review paper presents a condensed view of recent inventions in the Additive Manufacturing (AM) field. It outlines factors affecting development and commercialization via research collaboration discusses breakthroughs materials AM technologies their integration with emerging technologies. The explores impact across various sectors, including aerospace, automotive, healthcare, food, construction industries, since 1970s. also addresses challenges future directions, such as hybrid manufacturing bio-printing, along socio-economic environmental implications. collaborative study provides concise understanding latest AM, offering valuable insights for researchers, practitioners, decision makers diverse industries institutions.

Язык: Английский

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The Second Laser Revolution in Chemistry: Emerging Laser Technologies for Precise Fabrication of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Nanostructures

Advanced Functional Materials, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 34(40)

Опубликована: Июль 26, 2024

Abstract The use of photons to directly or indirectly drive chemical reactions has revolutionized the field nanomaterial synthesis resulting in appearance new sustainable laser chemistry methods for manufacturing micro‐ and nanostructures. incident radiation triggers a complex interplay between physical processes at interface solid surface liquid gas environment. In such multi‐parameter system, precise control over nanostructures is not possible without deep understanding both environment‐affected processes. present review intends provide detailed systematization these surveying well‐established emerging technologies production advanced nanomaterials. Both gases liquids are considered as potential reacting environments affecting fabrication process, while subtractive additive analyzed. Finally, prospects applications discussed.

Язык: Английский

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Two-photon polymerization lithography for imaging optics

International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 6(4), С. 042002 - 042002

Опубликована: Март 20, 2024

Abstract Optical imaging systems have greatly extended human visual capabilities, enabling the observation and understanding of diverse phenomena. Imaging technologies span a broad spectrum wavelengths from x-ray to radio frequencies impact research activities our daily lives. Traditional glass lenses are fabricated through series complex processes, while polymers offer versatility ease production. However, modern applications often require lens assemblies, driving need for miniaturization advanced designs with micro- nanoscale features surpass capabilities traditional fabrication methods. Three-dimensional (3D) printing, or additive manufacturing, presents solution these challenges benefits rapid prototyping, customized geometries, efficient production, particularly suited miniaturized optical devices. Various 3D printing methods demonstrated advantages over counterparts, yet remain in achieving resolutions. Two-photon polymerization lithography (TPL), technique, enables intricate structures beyond diffraction limit via nonlinear process two-photon absorption within liquid resin. It offers unprecedented abilities, e.g. alignment-free fabrication, prototyping almost arbitrary nanostructures. In this review, we emphasize importance criteria performance evaluation devices, discuss material properties relevant TPL, techniques, highlight application TPL imaging. As first panoramic review on topic, it will equip researchers foundational knowledge recent advancements optics, promoting deeper field. By leveraging its high-resolution capability, extensive range, true processing, alongside advances materials, design, envisage disruptive solutions current promising incorporation future applications.

Язык: Английский

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Frontiers of Laser‐Based 3D Printing: A Perspective on Multi‐Photon Lithography

Laser & Photonics Review, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 18(7)

Опубликована: Март 26, 2024

Abstract Lasers are instrumental in enabling precise processing and fostering the development of new technologies. Particularly, ultrafast lasers, due to their unique interaction with matter, can achieve not only exceptional spatial precision but also meticulously determine degree modification. A prime example this is laser‐based 3D printing through multi‐photon lithography (MPL). This approach remarkably enables true structures at micro‐ nanoscale, without need for masks or cumbersome tools, simply by using computer‐aided designs. Owing these capabilities, MPL has emerged as a powerful manufacturing technique across various multidisciplinary fields. The ongoing growth MPL's utilization led notable advancements highly complex on different substrates, well improvements resolution throughput, novel photosensitive materials, which impressively facilitated expansion into broader fields over last few years. In perspective article, aim highlight recent trends MPL. current challenges will be explored, addressed ensure its further integration advanced Additive Manufacturing nanoscale. future perspectives opportunities discussed.

Язык: Английский

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Printing the Future Layer by Layer: A Comprehensive Exploration of Additive Manufacturing in the Era of Industry 4.0

Applied Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(21), С. 9919 - 9919

Опубликована: Окт. 30, 2024

In the era of Industry 4.0, 3D printing, or additive manufacturing (AM), has revolutionized product design and across various sectors. This review explores evolution printing technology its impact on industrial innovation, highlighting advancements in aeronautics, automotive industry, biomedicine. Various AM processes, such as binder jetting, direct energy deposition, powder bed fusion, materials like metals, polymers, ceramics, composites, are discussed. Innovations high-speed sintering, continuous liquid interface production, bioprinting demonstrate ongoing advancements. The potential personalized medical applications is emphasized due to flexibility geometry materials. Despite progress, challenges standardization, material quality, recycling, sustainability, economic feasibility hinder widespread adoption. Overcoming these crucial for optimizing technologies, ensuring high-quality, efficient, affordable production. also addresses future prospects 4D 5D technologies their industries. overview underscores printing’s role shaping within context 5.0, emphasizing human–machine collaboration sustainability.

Язык: Английский

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A Guide to Printed Stretchable Conductors

Chemical Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 124(3), С. 860 - 888

Опубликована: Янв. 30, 2024

Printing of stretchable conductors enables the fabrication and rapid prototyping electronic devices. For such applications, there are often specific process material requirements as print resolution, maximum strain, electrical/ionic conductivity. This review highlights common printing methods compatible inks that produce conductors. The compares capabilities, benefits, limitations each approach to help guide selection a suitable ink for an intended application. We also discuss design fabricate composites with desired properties (e.g., electrical conductance, viscosity, printability). should inform ongoing future efforts create soft, devices wearables, soft robots, e-skins, sensors.

Язык: Английский

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