IntechOpen eBooks,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Авг. 22, 2024
The
necessity
for
freshwater
is
growing
as
the
global
population
continues
to
expand.
One
of
practices
scientific
community
has
proposed
address
present
crisis
water
desalination.
This
process
promotes
production
fresh
from
salty
water.
Due
significance
high
salt
removal
efficiency,
cheap
cost,
minimal
environmental
effect,
and
comparatively
low
energy
requirement,
adsorption
considered
a
potential
method
Predominantly,
techniques
do
not
use
chemicals.
Among
frequently
studied
adsorbents
desalination
are
activated
carbons,
zeolites,
carbon
nanomaterials,
graphene,
metal
or
covalent
organic
framework
materials.
These
materials
exhibit
various
capabilities
in
terms
rate,
capacity,
stability,
recyclability.
Carbon
nanotubes
(CNTs)
two
next-generation
that
show
numerous
functions
with
increased
transport
capabilities,
play
significant
role
have
been
very
appealing
enhancers
process.
However,
most
functional
drawbacks,
including
need
specialized
synthesis
methods,
agglomeration,
leaching,
issues
related
environment
human
health.
chapter
will
focus
on
current
trends
adsorbent
material
development
evaluate
recent
their
properties,
which
might
help
design
an
engineering
application
standpoint.
Analytical Chemistry,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Фев. 14, 2025
Detecting
and
quantifying
mycotoxins
using
LFIA
are
challenging
due
to
the
need
for
high
sensitivity
accuracy.
To
address
this,
a
dual-mode
colorimetric-SERS
was
developed
detecting
deoxynivalenol
(DON).
Rhodium
nanocores
provided
strong
plasmonic
properties
as
SERS
substrate,
while
silver
nanoparticles
created
electromagnetic
"hotspots"
enhance
signal
sensitivity.
Finite
element
modeling
optimized
field
intensity,
Prussian
blue
generated
distinct
at
2156
cm-1,
effectively
reducing
background
interference.
This
achieved
detection
limit
of
4.21
pg/mL,
37
times
lower
than
that
colloidal
gold-based
(0.156
ng/mL).
Machine
learning
algorithms,
including
ANN
KNN,
enabled
precise
classification
quantification
contamination,
achieving
98.8%
accuracy
an
MSE
0.57.
These
results
underscore
platform's
potential
analyzing
harmful
substances
in
complex
matrices
demonstrate
important
role
machine
learning-enhanced
nanosensors
advancing
technologies.
Research Square (Research Square),
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Март 27, 2025
Abstract
Ester
compounds
as
one
of
the
most
important
organic
chemicals
are
extensively
used
in
chemical
industry,
medicines,
food,
plastics,
cosmetics
and
other
applications.
Traditional
ester
synthesis
is
impeded
by
challenges
slow
reaction
kinetics,
harsh
conditions,
environmental
concerns.
Here,
we
propose
a
green
efficient
route
for
esters
via
an
electrochemical
dechlorination-oxygen
insertion
cascaded
with
nucleophilic
reaction.
A
high
selectivity
93.2%,
yield
92.5%
methyl
6-chloronicotinate
(MCN)
generation
obtained
reduction
2-chloro-5-trichloromethyl
pyridine
over
activated
Ag
electrode
O2-saturated
alcoholic
solution.
Electrochemical
in-situ
characterizations,
femtosecond
transient
absorption
spectra,
isotope
labeling,
theoretical
calculations
elucidate
that
formation
intermediate
acyl
chloride
key
step,
which
involves
reactive
oxygen
species
(ORR)
coupling
dechlorination
intermediate.
The
involvement
O₂
alters
pathway
from
conventional
hydrodechlorination
to
oxygenation-dechlorination
process,
attributed
preferentially
occurred
ORR
than
hydrogen
evolution
generated
further
facilitates
subsequent
solution
MCN
synthesis.
broad
substrate
scope
excellent
performance
flow
electrolyzer
validate
scalability
potential
this
electrocatalysis-cascaded
chemistry
system
sustainable
industrial
production.
