Nanomaterials that Aid in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease, Resolving Blood–Brain Barrier Crossing Ability

Advanced Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 11(38)

Опубликована: Авг. 5, 2024

As a form of dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD) suffers from no efficacious cure, yet AD treatment is still imperative, as it ameliorates the symptoms or prevents deteriorating maintains current status to longest extent. The human brain most sensitive and complex organ in body, which protected by blood-brain barrier (BBB). This induces difficulty curing drugs nanomaterials that are much inhibited reaching lesion site. Thus, BBB crossing capability drug delivery system remains significant challenge development neurological therapeutics. Fortunately, nano-enabled systems possess promising potential achieve multifunctional diagnostics/therapeutics against various targets owing their intriguing advantages nanocarriers, including easy multifunctionalization on surfaces, high surface-to-volume ratio with large payloads, ability cross BBB, making them capable conquering limitations conventional candidates. review, focuses diagnosis treatment, will provide an insightful vision conducive AD-related nanomaterials.

Язык: Английский

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Dynamic Pathophysiological Insight into the Brain by NIR‐II Imaging

Advanced Science, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 5, 2025

Cerebral collateral circulation and blood-brain barrier (BBB) are critically required to maintain the normal brain functions, a fact stressing need for accurate in vivo diagnostic tools that can afford valuable pathophysiological insight into functioning of neurovascular unit space time. Currently, understanding perfusion BBB evolution under both physiological pathological conditions remains sparse, largely owing limitations methods recording diminutive route cerebral blood flow. Here, it is reported highly crystalline semiconducting organic nanoprobes (named 4T-BSA) composed small-molecule dye bovine serum albumin showed vast potential live-brain vascular imaging second near-infrared window (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm). The 4T-BSA had superior penetration depth intact mouse with high signal-to-background ratio (SBR) 6.0 down sub-50-µm spatial resolution vasculature three typical models neurological pathophysiology. By visualizing leakage, identified activities associated arterial/venous flow network disruption. It anticipated NIR-II disruption will bring broad opportunities address major medical challenges across timely, protective, restorative interventions diseases.

Язык: Английский

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Functionalized carbon dots with guanidine salt ionic liquid regulate oxidative damage and amyloid aggregation

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 306, С. 141531 - 141531

Опубликована: Фев. 26, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Advancing Nanomaterial-Based Strategies for Alzheimer’s Disease: A Perspective

JACS Au, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 31, 2025

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia. By 2050, number AD cases projected to exceed 131 million, placing significant strain on healthcare systems economies worldwide. The pathogenesis multifactorial, involving hypotheses/mechanisms, such as amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, tau protein hyperphosphorylation, cholinergic neuron damage, oxidative stress, inflammation. Despite extensive research, complexity these potentially entangled mechanisms has hindered development treatments that can reverse progression. Nanotechnology, leveraging unique physical, electrical, magnetic, optical properties nanomaterials, emerged promising approach for treatment. In this Perspective, we first outlined major current pathogenic hypotheses then reviewed recent advances in nanomaterials addressing hypotheses. We have also discussed challenges translating into clinical applications proposed future directions, particularly multifunctional multitarget enhance their therapeutic efficacy applicability

Язык: Английский

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Glutamate: Molecular Mechanisms and Signaling Pathway in Alzheimer’s Disease, a Potential Therapeutic Target

Molecules, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 29(23), С. 5744 - 5744

Опубликована: Дек. 5, 2024

Gamma-glutamate is an important excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS), which plays role transmitting synapses, plasticity, and other brain activities. Nevertheless, alterations glutamatergic signaling pathway are now accepted as a element Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology. One of most prevalent types dementia older adults AD, progressive neurodegenerative illness brought on by persistent decline cognitive function. Since AD has been shown to be multifactorial, variety pharmaceutical targets may used treat condition. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR) antagonists acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) two drug classes that Food Drug Administration authorized for treatment AD. The AChEIs approved galantamine, donepezil, rivastigmine. However, memantine only non-competitive NMDAR antagonist This review aims outline involvement glutamate (GLU) at molecular level pathways associated with demonstrate target therapeutic potential its receptor. We will also consider opinion leading authorities working this area, drawback existing strategies, direction further investigation.

Язык: Английский

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Molecular imaging-guided diagnosis and treatment integration for brain diseases

Biomaterials, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 316, С. 123021 - 123021

Опубликована: Дек. 15, 2024

Язык: Английский

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