Abstract
Tin
disulfide
(SnS
2
)
is
a
prominent
candidate
in
the
class
of
transition
metal
dichalcogenides
(TMD),
whose
multiple
electrical
and
electrochemical
applications
have
recently
steered
much
attention
to
energy
storage
devices
like
batteries
supercapacitors.
Previous
studies
on
material
came
under
efforts
improve
its
by
doping,
creating
composites,
other
heterogeneous
structures,
which
are
complicated
less
economical.
Thus,
pristine
SnS
,
utilizing
morphological
features
conjunction
with
suitable
synthesis
method,
was
investigated
efficiency
reduce
cost
without
confusing
processes
or
structural
iterations.
In
this
work,
synthesized
bare
form
using
hydrothermal
method
investigate
potential
supercapacitor
application.
The
route
followed
cost‐efficient
simple
protocol,
shows
porous
morphology
favoring
electrode–electrolyte
interaction
desirable
for
A
comprehensive
study
structural,
morphological,
surface
done
XRD,
FESEM,
EDX,
XPS,
nitrogen
adsorption–desorption
analysis
confirmed
formation
interior
structure.
Supercapacitor
CV,
GCD,
EIS,
cyclic
stability
tests
reveal
an
intermittent
mechanism,
capacitance
109.6
F
g
−1
at
1
high
retention
106%
5
after
7000
cycles.
ABSTRACT
Biomass‐derived
carbons
are
eco‐friendly
and
sustainable
materials,
making
them
ideal
for
supercapacitors
due
to
their
high
surface
area,
excellent
conductivity,
cost‐effectiveness,
environmental
benefits.
This
review
provides
valuable
insights
into
biomass‐derived
carbon
modified
supercapacitors,
integrating
both
experimental
results
theoretical
calculations.
begins
by
discussing
the
origins
of
in
including
plant‐based,
food
waste‐derived,
animal‐origin,
microorganism‐generated
sources.
Then,
this
presents
strategies
improve
performance
heteroatom
doping,
functionalization,
hybrid
composite
construction.
Furthermore,
analyzes
functions
its
pure
form
as
materials.
The
also
explores
composites
derived
from
biomass‐based
carbon,
carbon/MXenes,
carbon/MOFs,
carbon/graphene,
carbon/conductive
polymers,
carbon/transition
metal
oxides,
carbon/hydroxides,
providing
a
thorough
investigation.
Most
importantly,
offers
an
innovative
summary
analysis
role
through
calculations,
concentrating
on
four
key
aspects:
energy
band
structure,
density
states,
electron
cloud
density,
adsorption
energy.
Finally,
concludes
future
research
directions
biomass
carbon‐based
discovery
novel
tailoring
functional
groups,
fabricating
high‐performance
exploring
ion
transfer
mechanisms,
enhancing
practical
applications.
In
summary,
exploration
sources,
functions,
mechanisms
research.
Advanced Science,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Июль 19, 2024
Hybrid
ion
capacitors
(HICs)
have
aroused
extreme
interest
due
to
their
combined
characteristics
of
energy
and
power
densities.
The
performance
HICs
lies
hidden
in
the
electrode
materials
used
for
construction
battery
supercapacitor
components.
hunt
is
always
on
locate
best
material
terms
cost-effectiveness
overall
optimized
characteristics.
Functionalized
biomass-derived
porous
carbons
(FBPCs)
possess
exquisite
features
including
easy
synthesis,
wide
availability,
high
surface
area,
large
pore
volume,
tunable
size,
functional
groups,
a
range
morphologies,
thermal
chemical
stability.
FBPCs
found
immense
use
as
cathode,
anode
dual
recent
literature.
current
review
designed
around
two
main
concepts
which
include
synthesis
properties
followed
by
utilization
various
types
HICs.
Among
monovalent
HICs,
lithium,
sodium,
potassium,
are
given
comprehensive
attention,
whereas
zinc
only
multivalent
HIC
that
focused
upon
corresponding
literature
availability.
Special
attention
also
provided
critical
factors
govern
concludes
providing
feasible
directions
future
research
aspects
ACS Applied Nano Materials,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
7(21), С. 24778 - 24787
Опубликована: Окт. 18, 2024
Zinc-ion
hybrid
capacitors
(ZIHCs),
which
combine
the
advantages
of
batteries
and
supercapacitors,
are
very
competitive
in
field
advanced
energy
storage
applications.
However,
their
performance
is
limited
by
carbon
cathodes
that
have
a
low
specific
surface
area
inferior
porous
structure.
Here,
we
report
N-doped
cathode
prepared
high-temperature
calcination
chemical
activation
based
on
soft
C3N4
template.
The
as-prepared
shows
hierarchical
nano
structure
with
micropores
mesopores,
can
provide
additional
active
sites
for
zinc-ion
adsorption,
reduce
charge-transfer
resistance,
enhance
kinetic
performance.
ZIHCs
assembled
using
this
exhibits
capacitance
166
mAh
g–1
at
current
density
0.1
A
g–1,
an
up
to
124
Wh
kg–1,
82.4%
retention
after
5000
cycles
5
showing
great
potential
practical
Our
work
provides
way
developing
high-performance
capacitors.
Abstract
Activated
nanoporous
carbons
are
widely
used
in
various
applications,
where
their
efficiency
is
largely
determined
by
specific
surface
area
and
pore
structure.
Traditional
KOH‐assisted
chemical
activation
methods
primarily
produce
micropores,
limiting
the
performance
of
these
porous
applications
requiring
a
hierarchical
arrangement
micro,
meso,
macropores.
This
study
introduces
novel
integrated
strategy
using
3D
flower‐like
microsphere
(3DFM)
ZnO
KOH
to
synthesize
from
Sesbania
Grandiflora
side
shoots.
The
nanosheet
tips
bulk
3DFM‐ZnO
generate
mesopores
macropores,
while
induces
microporosity,
resulting
structure
with
an
ultrahigh
4114
m
2
g
−1
.
fabricated
activated
carbon
electrodes
combination
macro,
micropores
exhibit
high
capacitances
672
F
for
positive
electrode
756
negative
electrode.
optimized
proper
selection
electrolytic
ions
electrodes.
A
operating
potential
window
2.7
V
achieved
symmetric
device
through
charge‐balanced
mass
loading.
flexible
electric
double‐layer
capacitor
demonstrates
maximum
energy
128.2
W
h
kg
at
power
1.35
kW
Zinc-ion
microcapacitors
(ZIMCs)
have
gained
considerable
attention
for
their
intrinsic
charge
storage
mechanisms,
combining
a
battery-type
anode
with
capacitor-type
cathode.
However,
development
is
constrained
by
challenges
related
to
electrode
material
selection
and
microscale
device
design,
especially
given
the
limited
footprint
of
such
devices.
Despite
potential,
exploration
smart
processing
hybrid
materials
on-chip
ZIMCs
remains
limited.
In
this
work,
we
introduce
3D
gold
interdigitated
electrodes
(3D
Au
IDEs)
as
highly
porous
current
collectors,
loaded
zinc
(Zn)
activated
carbon
coated
PEDOT
(AC-PEDOT)
cathode,
using
an
advanced
microplotter
fabrication
technique.
Compared
planar
Zn//AC
ZIMCs,
where
Zn
AC
are
onto
IDEs,
Zn//AC-PEDOT
demonstrate
significantly
enhanced
performance.
This
attributed
critical
role
IDEs
in
increasing
capacity,
improving
long-term
cycling
stability,
boosting
capacitive-controlled
contributions.
The
achieve
areal
capacity
1.3
μAh/cm2,
peak
energy
1.11
μWh/cm2,
power
640
μW/cm2,
surpassing
most
reported
microsupercapacitors.
study
highlights
how
optimized
collectors
enhance
microdevice
while
maximizing
performance
within
footprint.
