Advanced Materials,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
35(25)
Опубликована: Дек. 2, 2022
Abstract
Substituting
toxic
lead
with
tin
(Sn)
in
perovskite
solar
cells
(PSCs)
is
the
most
promising
route
toward
development
of
high‐efficiency
lead‐free
devices.
Despite
encouraging
efficiencies
Sn‐PSCs,
they
are
still
yet
to
surpass
15%
and
suffer
detrimental
oxidation
Sn(II)
Sn(IV).
Since
their
first
application
2014,
investigations
into
properties
Sn‐PSCs
have
contributed
a
growing
understanding
mechanisms,
both
complementary
stability.
This
review
summarizes
evolution
including
early
developments
latest
state‐of‐the‐art
approaches
benefitting
stability
The
degradation
pathways
associated
outlined,
followed
by
describing
how
composition
engineering
(A,
B
site
modifications),
additive
(oxidation
prevention),
interface
(passivation
strategies)
can
be
employed
as
different
avenues
improve
knowledge
about
these
also
not
limited
PSCs
applicable
other
types
devices
now
employing
Sn‐based
absorber
layers.
A
detailed
analysis
materials
chemistry
reveals
clear
set
design
rules
for
stable
Sn‐PSCs.
Applying
strategies
highlighted
this
will
essential
further
efficiency
Science,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
379(6630), С. 399 - 403
Опубликована: Янв. 26, 2023
Daily
temperature
variations
induce
phase
transitions
and
lattice
strains
in
halide
perovskites,
challenging
their
stability
solar
cells.
We
stabilized
the
perovskite
black
improved
cell
performance
using
ordered
dipolar
structure
of
β-poly(1,1-difluoroethylene)
to
control
film
crystallization
energy
alignment.
demonstrated
p-i-n
cells
with
a
record
power
conversion
efficiency
24.6%
over
18
square
millimeters
23.1%
1
centimeter,
which
retained
96
88%
after
1000
hours
1-sun
maximum
point
tracking
at
25°
75°C,
respectively.
Devices
under
rapid
thermal
cycling
between
-60°
+80°C
showed
no
sign
fatigue,
demonstrating
impact
on
operational
ACS Energy Letters,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
7(6), С. 2079 - 2083
Опубликована: Май 24, 2022
Currently,
the
highest-performing
lead-free
perovskite
solar
cells
utilize
element
tin.
Tin
halide
perovskites,
typically
FASnI3,
resemble
their
lead-based
counterparts
in
optoelectronic
properties
but
possess
dissimilar
crystallization
kinetics.
To
tackle
usually
poor
film
quality,
we
introduced
trimethylthiourea
(3T)
to
spin
coating
of
FASnI3
films.
This
bifunctional
ligand
greatly
improved
morphology
and
texture
films
by
spreading
joining
individual
crystal
grains.
Accordingly,
charge-carrier
lifetime
3T-treated
reached
a
record
high
123
ns,
open-circuit
voltage
at
0.92
V
was
only
0.2
short
theoretical
limit,
both
approaching
those
lead
perovskites.
The
certified
power
conversion
efficiency
14.0%
stability
against
humid
air
are
also
among
best
for
cells.
Possible
reasons
efficacy
3T
through
H-bonding
discussed.
These
findings
emphasize
deposition
control
tin
perovskites
give
direction
future
developments.
Advanced Energy Materials,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
12(1)
Опубликована: Ноя. 25, 2021
Abstract
Tin‐based
perovskites
show
great
potential
in
photovoltaic
applications,
and
the
development
of
corresponding
solar
cells
(PSCs)
has
made
exciting
progress
during
past
few
years.
However,
owing
to
high
Lewis
acidity
easy
oxidation
Sn
2+
,
Sn‐based
perovskite
films
suffer
from
fast
crystallization
formation
vacancy
defects
with
low
activation
energy
solution
film‐forming
process,
resulting
poor
film
quality
inferior
device
performance.
Therefore,
an
in‐depth
understanding
rational
control
dynamics
is
essential
improve
performance
their
PSCs.
In
this
review,
state‐of‐the‐art
developments
for
impact
on
PSCs
are
systematically
summarized.
The
review
begins
introduction
fundamentals
key
difficulties
process
perovskites.
Then,
advanced
strategies
that
focus
regulating
comprehensively
reviewed,
including
solvent
engineering,
additive
cation
technique
engineering.
Finally,
future
perspectives
research
directions,
regarding
smart
film,
discussed
towards
high‐performance
stable
Advanced Functional Materials,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
32(39)
Опубликована: Июль 13, 2022
Abstract
In
tin
perovskite
solar
cells
(PSCs),
fullerene
(C
60
)
and
derivative
[6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric
acid
methyl
ester
(PCBM)
are
commonly
utilized
electron
transport
materials.
However,
the
energetic
disorder,
inadequate
passivation,
energy
level
mismatch
of
C
PCBM
limit
improvement
power
conversion
efficiency
(PCE)
lifespan
PSCs.
this
work,
a
multifunctional
interface
manipulation
strategy
is
developed
by
introducing
pyridine‐functionalized
derivative,
fullerene‐n‐butyl‐pyridine
‐BPy),
into
between
layer
(ETL)
to
improve
photovoltaic
performance
stability
The
‐BPy
can
strongly
anchor
on
surface
via
coordination
interactions
pyridine
moiety
Sn
2+
ion,
which
not
only
reinforces
passivation
trap‐state
within
film,
but
also
regulates
alignment
reduce
non‐radiative
recombination.
Moreover,
improved
binding
carrier
properties
contribute
superior
device
stability.
resulting
devices
have
achieved
highest
PCE
14.14%
with
negligible
hysteresis,
maintained
over
95%
their
initial
under
continuous
one‐sun
illumination
for
1000
h.
Angewandte Chemie International Edition,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
62(33)
Опубликована: Июнь 20, 2023
Perovskite
solar
cells
(PSCs)
are
considered
as
a
promising
photovoltaic
technology
due
to
their
high
efficiency
and
low
cost.
However,
long-term
stability,
mechanical
durability,
environmental
risks
still
unable
meet
practical
needs.
To
overcome
these
issues,
we
designed
multifunctional
elastomer
with
abundant
hydrogen
bonds
carbonyl
groups.
The
chemical
bonding
between
polymer
perovskite
could
increase
the
growth
activation
energy
of
film
promote
preferential
high-quality
film.
Owing
defect
density
gradient
energy-level
alignment,
corresponding
device
exhibited
champion
23.10
%.
Furthermore,
formation
hydrogen-bonded
network
in
film,
target
devices
demonstrated
excellent
air
stability
enhanced
flexibility
for
flexible
PSCs.
More
importantly,
coordinate
Pb2+
ions,
immobilizing
lead
atoms
reduce
release
into
environment.
This
strategy
paves
way
industrialization
high-performance
Advanced Energy Materials,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
13(14)
Опубликована: Фев. 19, 2023
Abstract
Perovskite
solar
cells
(PSCs)
have
developed
rapidly
in
recent
years
due
to
their
excellent
photoelectric
properties.
Among
them,
lead‐based
perovskite
photovoltaics
shown
great
potential
for
both
outdoor
and
indoor
applications,
whose
power
conversion
efficiency
stability
are
much
higher
than
that
of
lead‐free
PSCs.
However,
based
on
results
vivo
animal
studies,
Kyoto
Encyclopedia
Genes
Genomes
annotations
pathway
analysis
microbiota
metabolites
influenced
by
lead,
it
has
been
proved
lead
exposure
from
PSCs
probably
causes
systematic
toxicity
human
body.
For
the
purpose
reducing
leakage,
some
methods
mainly
polymer
resin
protective
layers
self‐healing
encapsulation
introduced,
which
can
increase
capture
rate
up
95%
under
harsh
conditions.
Eventually,
devices
will
still
face
damage
obsolescence,
accompanied
leakage
into
environment.
Comprehensive
recycling
strategies
necessary
solve
this
problem
root
also
shorten
energy
payback
time
further
transformation
upgrading
green
energy.
The
vertical
in‐depth
collaborative
strategy
prevention
comprehensive
would
provide
an
environmentally‐friendly
guarantee
final
large‐scale
market
photovoltaics.
