Reconfiguring Hard Carbons with Emerging Sodium‐Ion Batteries: A Perspective

Advanced Materials, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 35(31)

Опубликована: Фев. 21, 2023

Abstract Hard carbons, an important category of amorphous are non‐graphitizable and widely accepted as the most promising anode materials for emerging sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs)， because their changeable low‐potential charge/discharge plateaus. However, microstructures not fixed difficult to accurately demonstrate graphites do. The successful use hard carbons in SIBs revives interest clearly picture complicated that close relevance sodium storage. In this review, past definitions structural models revisited first, a renewed understanding storage is presented. Three critical features highlighted namely crystallites, defects, nanopores, which directly responsible presence plateaus reversible extension. impact these upon then deeply discussed sieving finally proposed ideal configuration carbon superhigh This review expected offer clear help realize truly rational design high‐capacity anodes, driving industrialization SIBs, more promisingly open up window exploring possible new uses.

Язык: Английский

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Unlocking the local structure of hard carbon to grasp sodium-ion diffusion behavior for advanced sodium-ion batteries

Energy & Environmental Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 17(4), С. 1387 - 1396

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

The proposal of dispersion region can complete the HC model, explain anomalous diffusion in low-voltage region, guide microstructure design high-performance materials, and provide new insights into storage mechanism SIBs.

Язык: Английский

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Investigating the Superior Performance of Hard Carbon Anodes in Sodium‐Ion Compared With Lithium‐ and Potassium‐Ion Batteries

Advanced Materials, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 35(42)

Опубликована: Июль 28, 2023

Emerging sodium-ion batteries (NIBs) and potassium-ion (KIBs) show promise in complementing lithium-ion battery (LIB) technology diversifying the market. Hard carbon is a potential anode candidate for LIBs, NIBs, KIBs due to its high capacity, sustainability, wide availability, stable physicochemical properties. Herein, series of hard carbons synthesized by hydrothermal carbonization subsequent pyrolysis at different temperatures finely tune their structural When tested as anodes, exhibit differing ion-storage trends Li, Na, K, with NIBs achieving highest reversible capacity. Extensive materials electrochemical characterizations are carried out study correlation features performance explain specific mechanisms alkali-ion storage carbons. In addition, best-performing against sodium cathode Na3 V2 (PO4 )3 Na-ion pouch cell, displaying power density 2172 W kg-1 an energy 181.5 Wh (based on total weight active both cathode). The cell also shows ultralong-term cycling (9000 h or 5142 cycles) demonstrates promising such sustainable, scalable anodes beyond Li-batteries.

Язык: Английский

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Dual‐Function Presodiation with Sodium Diphenyl Ketone towards Ultra‐stable Hard Carbon Anodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 62(2)

Опубликована: Ноя. 12, 2022

Hard carbon (HC) is a promising anode material for sodium-ion batteries, yet still suffers from low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) and unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Herein, sodium diphenyl ketone (Na-DK) applied to realize dual-function presodiation HC anodes. It compensates the irreversible Na uptake at oxygen-containing functional groups reacts with defects of five/seven-membered rings quasi-metallic in HC. The as-formed induces robust NaF-rich SEI on 1.0 M NaPF6 diglyme, favoring interfacial reaction kinetics stable Na+ insertion extraction. This renders presodiated (pHC) high ICE ≈100 % capacity retention 82.4 after 6800 cycles. demonstrated couple Na3 V2 (PO4 )3 cathodes full cells show 700 work provides in-depth understanding chemical new strategy highly batteries.

Язык: Английский

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Releasing Free Radicals in Precursor Triggers the Formation of Closed Pores in Hard Carbon for Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Advanced Materials, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 36(26)

Опубликована: Март 26, 2024

Abstract Increasing closed pore volume in hard carbon is considered to be the most effective way enhance electrochemical performance sodium‐ion batteries. However, there a lack of systematic insights into formation mechanisms pores at molecular level. In this study, regulation strategy via adjustment content free radicals reported. Sufficient are exposed by part delignification bamboo, which related well‐developed layers and rich pores. addition, excessive from nearly total lead more reactive sites during pyrolysis, competes for limited precursor debris form smaller microcrystals therefore compact material. The optimal sample delivers large 0.203 cm 3 g −1 , leads high reversible capacity 350 mAh 20 mA enhanced Na + transfer kinetics. This work provides level, enabling rational design structures.

Язык: Английский

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Revitalizing sodium-ion batteries via controllable microstructures and advanced electrolytes for hard carbon

eScience, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 4(3), С. 100181 - 100181

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2023

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) with low cost and high safety are considered as an electrochemical energy storage technology suitable for large-scale storage. Hard carbon, which is inexpensive has both capacity sodium potential, regarded the most promising anode commercial SIBs. However, commercialization of hard carbon still faces technical issues initial Coulombic efficiency, poor rate performance, insufficient cycling stability, due to intrinsically irregular microstructure carbon. To address these challenges, rational design crucial achieving high-performance SIBs, via gaining in-depth understanding its structure–performance correlations. In this context, our review firstly describes mechanism from perspective microstructure's formation. We then summarize state-of-art development providing a critical overview emergence in terms precursor selection, design, electrolyte regulation optimize strategies addressing practical problems. Finally, we highlight directions future achieve believe will serve basic guidance stimulate more exciting research into other types devices.

Язык: Английский

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New Template Synthesis of Anomalously Large Capacity Hard Carbon for Na‐ and K‐Ion Batteries

Advanced Energy Materials, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(47)

Опубликована: Ноя. 9, 2023

Abstract Hard carbon (HC) is a promising negative‐electrode material for Na‐ion batteries. HC electrochemically stores Na + ions, resulting in non‐stoichiometric chemical composition depending on their nanoscale structure, including the framework, and interstitial pores. Therefore, optimizing these structures storage by altering synthesis conditions can enhance capacity of In this study, HCs using MgO, ZnO, CaCO 3 as nanopore templates are systematically investigated, ZnO template found to be particularly effective. By concentration embedded matrix, utilizing blend zinc gluconate, acetate starting materials, optimal ZnO‐template demonstrates reversible 464 mAh g −1 (corresponding NaC 4.8 ) with high initial coulombic efficiency 91.7% low average potential 0.18 V versus /Na. Thus, battery full cell consisting 5/6 Ni 1/3 Fe 1/6 Mn Ti O 2 optimized remarkable energy density 312 Wh kg , comparable that Li‐ion LiFePO 4 graphite. Moreover, K half‐cell also displays significant 381 is, KC 5.8 where alkali content higher than stage‐1 graphite intercalation compounds, LiC 6 8 .

Язык: Английский

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Deciphering Electrolyte Dominated Na⁺ Storage Mechanisms in Hard Carbon Anodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Advanced Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 10(36)

Опубликована: Окт. 24, 2023

Abstract Although hard carbon (HC) demonstrates superior initial Coulombic efficiency, cycling durability, and rate capability in ether‐based electrolytes compared to ester‐based for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), the underlying mechanisms responsible these disparities remain largely unexplored. Herein, ex situ electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra Raman spectroscopy are combined investigate Na storage mechanism of HC under different electrolytes. Through deconvolving EPR signals HC, quasi‐metallic‐Na is successfully differentiated from adsorbed‐Na. By monitoring evolution species during charging/discharging process, it found that adsorbed‐Na with can be effectively transformed into intercalated‐Na plateau region. However, this transformation obstructed electrolytes, leading predominant as pore‐filled‐Na. Furthermore, within contributes formation a uniform, dense, stable solid–electrolyte interphase (SEI) film eventually enhances electrochemical performance HC. This work deciphers electrolyte‐dominated + provides fundamental insights industrialization SIBs.

Язык: Английский

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The Progress of Hard Carbon as an Anode Material in Sodium-Ion Batteries

Molecules, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 28(7), С. 3134 - 3134

Опубликована: Март 31, 2023

When compared to expensive lithium metal, the metal sodium resources on Earth are abundant and evenly distributed. Therefore, low-cost sodium-ion batteries expected replace lithium-ion become most likely energy storage system for large-scale applications. Among many anode materials batteries, hard carbon has obvious advantages great commercial potential. In this review, adsorption behavior of ions at active sites surface carbon, process entering graphite lamellar, their sequence in discharge analyzed. The controversial mechanism is discussed, four mechanisms summarized. Not only (in carbon) analyzed depth, but also relationships between morphology structure regulation heteroatom doping electrolyte optimization further as well electrochemical performance anodes batteries. It that with will have excellent performance, lower costs be required systems.

Язык: Английский

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Surface-dominated potassium storage enabled by single-atomic sulfur for high-performance K-ion battery anodes

Energy & Environmental Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 16(4), С. 1540 - 1547

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

A single-atomic sulfur anode, constructed by ∼32 wt% uniformly incorporated into the carbon lattice of hollow nanospheres, demonstrates an outstanding combination capacity, cyclability, and rate for potassium storage.

Язык: Английский

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