Stability of organic solar cells: toward commercial applications

Chemical Society Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 53(5), С. 2350 - 2387

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Organic solar cells (OSCs) have attracted a great deal of attention in the field clean energy due to their advantages transparency, flexibility, low cost and light weight. Introducing them market enables seamless integration into buildings windows, while also supporting wearable, portable electronics internet-of-things (IoT) devices. With development photovoltaic materials optimization fabrication technology, power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) OSCs rapidly improved now exceed 20%. However, there is significant lack focus on material stability device lifetime, causing severe hindrance commercial applications. In this review, we carefully review important strategies employed improve over past three years from perspectives design engineering. Furthermore, analyze discuss current progress terms air, light, thermal mechanical stability. Finally, propose future research directions overcome challenges achieving highly stable OSCs. We expect that will contribute solving problem OSCs, eventually paving way for applications near future.

Язык: Английский

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Oligomerized Fused‐Ring Electron Acceptors for Efficient and Stable Organic Solar Cells

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 62(46)

Опубликована: Июль 12, 2023

Abstract Organic solar cells (OSCs) have attracted wide research attention in the past decades. Very recently, oligomerized fused‐ring electron acceptors (OFREAs) emerged as a promising alternative to small‐molecular/polymeric acceptor‐based OSCs due their unique advantages such well‐defined structures, batch reproducibility, good film formation, low diffusion coefficient, and excellent stability. So far, rapid advances been made development of OFREAs consisting directly/rigidly/flexibly linked oligomers fused ones. In this Minireview, we systematically summarized recent progress OFREAs, including structural diversity, synthesis approach, molecular conformation packing, long‐term Finally, conclude with future perspectives on challenges be addressed potential directions. We believe that Minireview will encourage novel for OSC applications.

Язык: Английский

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Ductile Oligomeric Acceptor‐Modified Flexible Organic Solar Cells Show Excellent Mechanical Robustness and Near 18% Efficiency

Advanced Materials, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 35(44)

Опубликована: Авг. 22, 2023

High power conversion efficiency (PCE) and mechanical robustness are key requirements for wearable applications of organic solar cells (OSCs). However, almost all highly efficient photoactive films comprising polymer donors (PD ) small molecule acceptors (SMAs) mechanically brittle. In this study, (PCE = 17.91%) robust (crack-onset strain [COS] 11.7%) flexible OSCs fabricated by incorporating a ductile oligomeric acceptor (DOA) into the PD :SMA system, representing most to date. The photophysical, mechanical, photovoltaic properties D18:N3 with different DOAs characterized. By introducing DOA DOY-C4 longer alkyl linker lower polymerization, D18:N3:DOY-C4-based exhibit significantly higher PCE (17.91%) 50% COS (11.7%) than D18:N3-based device 17.06%, 7.8%). based on D18:N3:DOY-C4 retain 98% initial after 2000 consecutive bending cycles, showing greater stability reference (maintaining 89% PCE). After careful investigation, it is hypothesized that enhancement in mainly due formation tie chains or entanglement ternary blend films. These results demonstrate have great potential achieving high-performance OSCs.

Язык: Английский

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A Pyrene‐Fused Dimerized Acceptor for Ternary Organic Solar Cells with 19% Efficiency and High Thermal Stability

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 63(1)

Опубликована: Ноя. 21, 2023

A pyrene-fused dimerized electron acceptor has been successfully synthesized and subsequently incorporated as the third component in ternary organic solar cells (OSCs). Diverging from traditional acceptors with a linear configuration, this novel displays distinctive "butterfly-like" structure, comprising two Y-acceptors wings fused pyrene-based backbone. The extended π-conjugated backbone electron-donating nature of pyrene enable new to show low solubility, elevated glass transition temperature (Tg ), low-lying frontier energy levels. Consequently, seamlessly integrates into OSCs, enhancing transporting properties, reducing non-radiative voltage loss, elevating open-circuit voltage. These merits have enabled OSCs an exceptional efficiency 19.07%, marked improvement compared 17.6% attained binary OSCs. More importantly, high Tg exhibited by helps stabilize morphology photoactive layer thermal-treated at 70 °C, retaining 88.7% over 600 hours. For comparison, experience decline 73.7% after same duration. results indicate that design incorporation unit is promising strategy development for

Язык: Английский

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Two-Dimensional Conjugation Extended CH-Series Acceptors with a Distinctive A–D–A Character

Accounts of Materials Research, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 4(9), С. 772 - 785

Опубликована: Авг. 2, 2023

ConspectusAs one of the most important indicators for evaluating photovoltaic devices, power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) first-class organic solar cells (OSCs) have reached level ∼20%, but they still lag far behind that over 25% their inorganic counterparts. With similar if not better fill factor and short-circuit current, this wide gap PCEs should be fundamentally attributed to greatly larger nonradiative energy losses in OSCs, which are usually above 0.2 eV OSCs only 0.03–0.04 high-performance cells. Note stubbornly severe recombination is associated with multiple characteristics light-harvesting molecules, such as intrinsically large exciton binding energies small relative dielectric constants, defective intermolecular packing networks, or more crystal defects caused by flexibility molecular skeletons, nonideal nanoscale film morphologies, so on. All factors require rational design molecules carried out at single molecule also aggregation levels further dramatic improvement PCE achieved OSCs.In Account, we will first expound unique merits acceptor–donor–acceptor (A–D–A) type materials frontier orbital distribution, tuning, packings, meanwhile revealing dominant role A–D–A facilitating charge transfer/transport, suppressing loss, improving performance eventually. In light conspicuous superiority a convincing conclusion can made exploration novel crucially shrink between Second, our recent studies really exciting platform (CH-series) discussed comprehensively, involving various nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) molecular, dimer-like, polymerized architectures. distinctive feature CH-series NFAs two-dimensional (2D) conjugation extension, especially central units. Therefore, favorable effects 2D extension these on fundamental physicochemical properties, modes, blended parameters, resulting fully discussed. Abiding unveiled rules NFAs, highest approaching 20% has been based molecules. The evolution path previous traditional PCBM, ITIC, Y6, etc. could lesson; very likely offer great capable achieving record-breaking along much decreased losses, considering structural modification possibilities. Finally, despite rapidly surging there several insurmountable hurdles when attempting break through bottlenecks existing OSCs. propose some perspectives conducted may conquer challenge too thus boost toward commercial applications further.

Язык: Английский

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Over 18% Efficiency Ternary Organic Solar Cells with 300 nm Thick Active Layer Enabled by an Oligomeric Acceptor

Advanced Materials, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 36(2)

Опубликована: Сен. 18, 2023

The development of high-efficiency thickness-insensitive organic solar cells (OSCs) is crucially important for the mass production panels. However, increasing active layer thickness usually induces a substantial loss in efficiency. Herein, ternary strategy which an oligomer DY-TF incorporated into PM6:L8-BO system as guest component adopted to break this dilemma. S···F intramolecular noncovalent interactions backbone endow with high planarity. Upon addition DY-TF, crystallinity blend effectively improved, leading increased charge carrier mobility, highly desirable fabrication thick-film devices. As result, thin-film PM6:L8-BO:DY-TF-based device (110 nm) shows power conversion efficiency (PCE) 19.13%. Impressively, when increases 300 nm, 18.23% (certified 17.8%) achieved, representing highest reported nm thick OSCs thus far. Additionally, blade-coated (300 delivers promising PCE 17.38%. This work brings new insights construction efficient tolerance, showing great potential roll-to-roll printing large-area cells.

Язык: Английский

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Design of Star‐Shaped Trimer Acceptors for High‐Performance (Efficiency > 19%), Photostable, and Mechanically Robust Organic Solar Cells

Advanced Energy Materials, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(8)

Опубликована: Янв. 2, 2024

Abstract High power conversion efficiency (PCE), long‐term stability, and mechanical robustness are prerequisites for the commercial applications of organic solar cells (OSCs). In this study, a new star‐shaped trimer acceptor (TYT‐S) is developed high‐performance OSCs with PCE 19.0%, high photo‐stability ( t 80% lifetime = 2600 h under 1‐sun illumination), crack‐onset strain (COS) 21.6% achieved. The isotropic molecular structure TYT‐S affords efficient multi‐directional charge transport electron mobility. Furthermore, its amorphous prevents formation brittle crystal‐to‐crystal interfaces, significantly enhancing properties OSC. As result, TYT‐S‐based demonstrate higher (19.0%) stretchability (COS 21.6%) than linear‐shaped (TYT‐L)‐based (PCE 17.5% COS 6.4%) small‐molecule (MYT)‐based 16.5% 1.3%). addition, increased size TYT‐S, relative to that MYT dimer (DYT), suppresses diffusion kinetics molecules, substantially improving photostability OSCs. Finally, effectively potential intrinsically stretchable (IS)‐OSCs constructed. IS‐OSCs exhibit device (strain at 31%) 14.4%.

Язык: Английский

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Terminally Chlorinated and Thiophene‐linked Acceptor‐Donor‐Acceptor Structured 3D Acceptors with Versatile Processability for High‐efficiency Organic Solar Cells

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 62(38)

Опубликована: Авг. 7, 2023

Abstract To exploit the potential of our newly developed three‐dimensional (3D) dimerized acceptors, a series chlorinated 3D acceptors (namely CH8‐3/4/5) were reported by precisely tuning position chlorine (Cl) atom. The introduction Cl atom in central unit affects molecular conformation. Whereas, replacing fluorinated terminal groups (CH8‐3) with (CH8‐4 and CH8‐5), red‐shift absorption enhanced crystallization are achieved. Benefiting from these, all devices received promising power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) over 16 % as well decent thermal/photo‐stabilities. Among them, PM6:CH8‐4 based device yielded best PCE 17.58 %. Besides, merits multi alkyl chains enable their versatile processability during preparation. Impressive PCEs 17.27 16.23 could be achieved for non‐halogen solvent processable prepared glovebox ambient, respectively. 2.88 cm 2 modules also obtained 13 via spin‐coating blade‐coating methods, These results among performance acceptors. CH8‐4 on small‐area devices, solvent‐processed highlights processing capability applications future.

Язык: Английский

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Recent progress and prospects of dimer and multimer acceptors for efficient and stable polymer solar cells

Chemical Society Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 53(9), С. 4674 - 4706

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

This review summarizes the recent progress, key design principles and prospects of dimer multimer acceptors for developing polymer solar cells (PSCs) with high efficiency long-term stability.

Язык: Английский

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Non‐Fully Conjugated Dimerized Giant Acceptors with Different Alkyl‐Linked Sites for Stable and 19.13 % Efficiency Organic Solar Cells

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 63(14)

Опубликована: Фев. 9, 2024

Abstract Achieving both high power conversion efficiency (PCE) and device stability is a major challenge for the practical development of organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, three non‐fully conjugated dimerized giant acceptors (named 2Y‐sites, including wing‐site‐linked 2Y‐wing, core‐site‐linked 2Y‐core, end‐site‐linked 2Y‐end) are developed. They share similar monomer precursors but have different alkyl‐linked sites, offering fine‐tuned molecular absorption, packing, glass transition temperature, carrier mobility. Among their binary active layers, D18/2Y‐wing has better miscibility, leading to optimized morphology more efficient charge transfer compared D18/2Y‐core D18/2Y‐end. Therefore, D18/2Y‐wing‐based OSCs achieve superior PCE 17.73 %, attributed enhanced photocurrent fill factor. Furthermore, exhibit balance improved stability, distinguishing them within 2Y‐sites. Building on success 2Y‐wing in systems, we extend its application ternary by pairing it with near‐infrared absorbing D18/BS3TSe‐4F host. Thanks complementary absorption 300–970 nm further morphology, obtain higher 19.13 setting new benchmark dimer‐derived OSCs. This approach site engineering constructing presents promising pathway improve

Язык: Английский

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