Rationally designed universal passivator for high-performance single-junction and tandem perovskite solar cells

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 17, 2025

Interfacial trap-assisted nonradiative recombination hampers the development of metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, we report a rationally designed universal passivator to realize highly efficient and stable single junction tandem PSCs. Multiple defects are simultaneously passivated by synergistic effect anion cation. Moreover, defect healing is precisely modulated carefully controlling number hydrogen atoms on cations steric hindrance. Due minimized interfacial energy loss, L-valine benzyl ester p-toluenesulfonate (VBETS) modified inverted PSCs deliver power conversion efficiency (PCE) 26.28% using vacuum flash processing technology. suppressing carrier recombination, large-area modules with an aperture area 32.144 cm2 perovskite/Si coupled VBETS passivation PCE 21.00% 30.98%, respectively. This work highlights critical role hindrance in designing molecular modulators advance stability

Язык: Английский

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Constructing orderly crystal orientation with a bidirectional coordinator for high efficiency and stable perovskite solar cells

Energy & Environmental Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 17(16), С. 6003 - 6012

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

The trifluoroacetate pseudohalide anion, with dual functionalities, is introduced at the buried interface to promote orderly growth. This results in a power conversion efficiency of 25.60% and long-term stability under light exposure.

Язык: Английский

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Stress Relaxation for Lead Iodide Nucleation in Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells

Advanced Materials, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 22, 2025

Abstract Porous lead iodide (PbI 2 ) film is crucial for the complete reaction between PbI and ammonium salts in sequential‐deposition technology so as to achieve high crystallinity perovskite film. Herein, it found that tensile stress tin (IV) oxide (SnO electron transport layer (ETL) a key factor influencing morphology crystallization of films. Focusing on this, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate (LiOTf) used an interfacial modifier SnO /PbI interface decrease reduce necessary critical Gibbs free energy nuclei formation. The relaxed facilitates more porous generation with larger particles higher roughness, resulting superior‐quality Besides, this strategy effectively passivates inherent traps smooths levels, boosting charge extraction transfer. As result, champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) 25.33% (25.10% stabilized 600 s) achieved. Furthermore, device demonstrates exceptional stability, retaining 90% its initial PCE at maximum point tracking measurement (under 100 mW cm −2 white light illumination ≈55 °C temperature, N atmosphere) after h.

Язык: Английский

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Synergistic Modulation of Orientation and Steric Hindrance Induced by Alkyl Chain Length in Ammonium Salt Passivator Toward High‐performance Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules

Advanced Materials, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 37(1)

Опубликована: Ноя. 17, 2024

Abstract Organic ammonium salts are extensively utilized for passivating surface defects in perovskite films to mitigate trap‐assisted nonradiative recombination. However, the influence of alkyl chain length on molecular orientation and spatial steric hindrance salt remains underexplored, hindering advancements more effective passivators. Here, a series organic is reported with varying lengths passivate optimize band alignment. It revealed that long chains promote parallel surface, thereby reinforcing interaction defects, whereas excessive introduces hindrance, weakening anion‐perovskite interactions. Nonylammonium acetate (NAAc) optimal achieves ideal balance between chemical interactions, resulting superior passivation. Through NAAc passivation, high‐performance inverted solar cells (PSCs) modules achieved, power conversion efficiencies (PCE) 25.79% (certified 25.12%) 19.62%, respectively. This marks record PCE PSCs utilizing vacuum flash technology ambient conditions. Additionally, NAAc‐passivated devices retain 91% their initial after 1200 h continuous maximum point operation. work offers new insights into interplay advancing design PSCs.

Язык: Английский

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Buried Interface Engineering‐Assisted Defects Control and Crystallization Manipulation Enables Stable Perovskite Solar Cells with Efficiency Exceeding 25%

Advanced Functional Materials, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Окт. 10, 2024

Abstract The presence of various defects within the electron transport layer (ETL), perovskite (PVK) layer, and their interfaces significantly affects efficiency, hysteresis, stability solar cells (PSCs) in n–i–p structure. Herein, a defect passivation strategy employing potassium 4‐methoxysalicylate (MSAK) is utilized to efficiently modulate ETL, PVK, ETL/PVK interface. functional groups −COO− −OH MSAK molecules, along with K + cations, effectively reduce tin oxide (SnO 2 ) improve properties. Importantly, MSAK‐SnO provides favorable substrate for growth highly crystallization dense layers. molecules also passivate bottom interface PVK by coordinating under‐coordinated Pb 2+ ions. Furthermore, cations can migrate into further enhancing improving photovoltaic performance PSC devices. PSCs fabricated using based on achieve remarkable power conversion efficiency (PCE) 25.47%, alongside reduced hysteresis enhanced stability. After being stored under ambient conditions 60 days, device maintains nearly 90% its initial PCE, whereas PCE pristine decreases 69.7% after aging.

Язык: Английский

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Managing Pb‐Related Imperfections via Rationally Designed Aniline Derivative with Bilateral Cyano and Acetyl Groups as Lewis Base for High‐Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells Exceeding 24%

Small, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Июнь 12, 2024

Abstract Pb‐related imperfections (surface or halide vacancy induced uncoordinated Pb 2+ , Pb‐I antisite, and defects) of the ionic crystal perovskite film seriously restrict photovoltaic performance solar cells (PSCs). Here, an aniline derivative N‐(4‐cyanophenyl)acetamide (CAL) is rationally designed, incorporating bilateral functional sites cyano acetyl groups, acting as Lewis base molecule for managing in surface through post‐treatment. Theoretical calculation experimental verification together proved reduced defect density, improved crystallinity, inhibited ion migration CAL‐modified perovskite. Precisely, a side group another can both coordinate with its low electrostatic potential energy. Further, core π‐π conjugate structure benzene ring ligand tend to form dimer improve mobility carrier transportation collection. The strategy demonstrates champion PCE 24.35% air‐processed PSCs over 1200 hours maximum power point tracking (MPPT) stability. This study presents comprehensive approach overcoming current limitations PSCs, paving way their integration into mainstream technologies.

Язык: Английский

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Efficient Tin–Lead Perovskite Solar Cells with a Ultrawide Usage Windows of Precursor Solution Opened by SnF₂

Small, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 20(32)

Опубликована: Март 19, 2024

Abstract High quality tin–lead perovskite solar cells (Sn─Pb PSCs) can be fabricated via simple solution processing methods. However, the instability of precursor solutions and their narrow usage windows still pose challenges in manufacturing efficient reproducible Sn─Pb PSCs, hindering commercialization PSCs. Fluorine tin (SnF 2 ) is widely used as an antioxidant to improve crystallinity perovskite. In this study, another role SnF a stabilizer found restrain deprotonation methylammonium iodide (MAI) solution, which improves stability expands windows. Due inhibition on oxidation deprotonation, stable large‐sized colloidal clusters form gradually during aging, leading uniform nucleation/crystallization film growth, significantly reducing roughness defect density films. Because competitive process Sn 2+ , benefit larger cluster maximizes after about ten days storage solution. The champion efficiency PSCs prepared with 10 aged 22.00%. performance devices stored for even ≈40 discloses wide additive.

Язык: Английский

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Tailored Supramolecular Interactions in Host‐Guest Complexation for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Июль 12, 2024

Host-guest complexation offers a promising approach for mitigating surface defects in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Crown ethers are the most widely used macrocyclic hosts complexing surfaces, yet their supramolecular interactions and functional implications require further understanding. Here we show that dipole moment of crown serves as an indicator with both perovskites precursor salts. A larger moment, achieved through substitution heteroatoms, correlates enhanced coordination lead cations. Perovskite films incorporating aza-crown additives exhibited improved morphology, reduced defect densities, better energy-level alignment compared to those using native ethers. We report power-conversion efficiencies (PCEs) exceeding 25 % PSCs, which long-term stability, record PCE 21.5 host-guest complexation-based modules active area 14.0 cm

Язык: Английский

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Synergistic Interface Optimization of Inverted Methylamine-Free Perovskite Solar Cells: A Study of Experiments, Calculations, and Numerical Simulations

ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(36), С. 13609 - 13621

Опубликована: Авг. 23, 2024

The power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of inverted methylammonium (MA)-free perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have yet to match those their tricationic counterparts and conventional PSCs, due in part suboptimal carrier transport, the inadequate morphology hole transport layers (HTLs), inferior crystallinity MA-free films. Herein, we address these challenges by introducing a nickel oxide (NiOx) film as nucleation layer facilitate formation dense uniform self-assembled monolayer 2-(3,6-dimethoxycarbazol-9-yl)ethylphosphonic acid (MeO-2PACz) an HTL bilayer, which enhances improves energy level alignment between at buried interface. Subsequent top surface passivation with 2-phenylethylamine hydroiodide (PEAI) results 2D/3D heterojunction perovskite, leading high PCE 22.91% excellent long-term operational stability resulting device. SCAPS-1D numerical simulations elucidate that structure interface significantly impacts PCEs, considering effects defects, bulk on device performance. Comprehensive predict optimal configuration capable achieving 27.35%. This investigation offers novel insights into properties cesium-formamidinium (CsFA)-based perovskites consequences shifts, advancing field PSC design optimization.

Язык: Английский

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Single‐Crystal Perovskite for Solar Cell Applications

Small, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 20(48)

Опубликована: Сен. 20, 2024

Abstract The advent of organic–inorganic hybrid metal halide perovskites has revolutionized photovoltaics, with polycrystalline thin films reaching over 26% efficiency and single‐crystal perovskite solar cells (IC‐PSCs) demonstrating ≈24%. However, research on remains limited, leaving a crucial gap in optimizing energy conversion. Unlike films, which suffer from high defect densities instability, offer minimal defects, extended carrier lifetimes, longer diffusion lengths, making them ideal for high‐performance optoelectronics essential understanding material behavior. This review explores the advancements potential IC‐PSCs, focusing their superior efficiency, stability, role overcoming limitations counterparts. It covers device architecture, composition, preparation methodologies, recent breakthroughs, emphasizing importance further to propel IC‐PSCs toward commercial viability future dominance photovoltaic technology.

Язык: Английский

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