Carbazole-based
self-assembled
small
molecules
are
promising
and
commonly
used
hole
transport
layers
(HTLs)
materials
for
inverted
perovskite
solar
cells
(IPSCs).
Here,
a
novel
perdeuterated
carbazole-based
SAM
named
4PACzd8
is
obtained.
Owing
to
the
deuteration
strategy,
which
causes
reduction
in
molecular
vibration
frequency,
modulates
crystallization
atop
suppresses
interfacial
non-radiative
recombination.
Furthermore,
it
noteworthy
that
demonstrates
heightened
UV
absorption
properties,
thereby
offering
enhanced
protection
underlying
film
from
degradation
resulting
exposure.
Compared
with
non-deuterated
analog
4PACz,
champion
device
employing
showed
higher
power
conversion
efficiency
(PCE)
of
24.87%
excellent
stability.
The
impressive
PCE
by
far
one
highest
values
IPSCs
simple
SAMs
as
HTLs.
Advanced Energy Materials,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Март 27, 2025
Abstract
The
performance
of
perovskite
solar
cells
has
significantly
improved
over
the
years
in
part
due
to
defect
passivation
bulk
and
at
interfaces.
While
many
additive
molecules
have
been
reported
literature,
they
are
commonly
applicable
only
one
particular
composition.
Here
we
investigate
a
multifunctional
additive,
4‐amino‐5‐bromo
nicotinic
acid
(ABrNA),
for
use
both
methylammonium
(MA)‐free
perovskites
with
different
Br
content
(bandgaps
ranging
from
1.53
1.73
eV)
as
well
MA‐containing
perovskites.
Significant
improvements
obtained
all
compositions,
which
can
be
attributed
presence
multiple
functional
groups
capable
modifying
crystallization
passivating
defects.
Exceptional
features
ABrNA
make
it
promising
universal
passivator,
leads
PCE
increase
23.9%
25.0%
CsFAMA
cells,
22.0%
23.0%
MA‐free
cells.
passivated
devices
also
exhibit
exceptional
operational
stability,
T
90
exceeding
1000
h
under
ISOS‐L‐1
testing
conditions.
In
addition,
significant
improvement
is
observed
modules
conventional
inverted
device
architectures,
further
confirming
universality
additive.
Tin
perovskites
are
considered
promising
candidates
for
realizing
high-performance,
lead-free
perovskite
solar
cells
(PSCs).
Despite
prominent
progress
made
through
bulk
optimization,
unsatisfactory
interfaces
between
tin
and
charge
transport
layers
critical
obstacles
to
boosting
device
performance.
Herein,
we
address
this
issue
by
introducing
piperazine
dihydroiodide
(PDI)
ferrocene
(Fc)
at
the
interface
of
perovskite/C60
synergistically
improve
interfacial
transport.
Specifically,
PD+
interacts
with
formamidinium
ions
(FA+)
form
an
dipole,
Fc
establishes
π-π
conjugation
C60.
These
effects
significantly
electron
extraction
reduce
energy
losses.
As
a
result,
efficiency
PSCs
is
remarkably
improved
from
10.62%
13.65%,
accompanied
enhanced
stability.
This
work
highlights
importance
modulation
in
toward
efficient
eco-friendly
photovoltaics.
Carbazole-based
self-assembled
small
molecules
are
promising
and
commonly
used
hole
transport
layers
(HTLs)
materials
for
inverted
perovskite
solar
cells
(IPSCs).
Here,
a
novel
perdeuterated
carbazole-based
SAM
named
4PACzd8
is
obtained.
Owing
to
the
deuteration
strategy,
which
causes
reduction
in
molecular
vibration
frequency,
modulates
crystallization
atop
suppresses
interfacial
non-radiative
recombination.
Furthermore,
it
noteworthy
that
demonstrates
heightened
UV
absorption
properties,
thereby
offering
enhanced
protection
underlying
film
from
degradation
resulting
exposure.
Compared
with
non-deuterated
analog
4PACz,
champion
device
employing
showed
higher
power
conversion
efficiency
(PCE)
of
24.87%
excellent
stability.
The
impressive
PCE
by
far
one
highest
values
IPSCs
simple
SAMs
as
HTLs.
