Pre‐Fusion Shape Changes of Humeral Metaphyseal Surfaces: A New Method for Assessing Maturity and Age in Non‐Adult Skeletal Individuals

American Journal of Physical Anthropology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 186(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Objectives The current research delves into the use of 3D geometric morphometric for assessing shifts in maturity within both proximal and distal humeral metaphyses. It mainly focuses on establishing correlations between these shape changes observed corresponding epiphyses established through radiographic imaging. Material Methods total sample comprises 120 right‐side metaphyses 91 entire was categorized four groups metaphysis five based appearance subsequent size. All humeri were scanned using surface scanning devices. Two different template configurations created to capture during development We conducted an analysis (Procrustes coordinates) form space order assess their interrelationship with Results explained by PC1 are crucial maturational sequence These reflect size epiphyses. Discussion Conclusions There is a considerable overlap among related gradual nature process. However, suitable skeletal specimens.

Язык: Английский

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Cortical areas associated to higher cognition drove primate brain evolution

Communications Biology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 8(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 18, 2025

Although intense research effort is seeking to address which brain areas fire and connect each other produce complex behaviors in a few living primates, little known about their evolution, or facets of cognition were favored by natural selection. By developing statistical tools study the evolution cortex at fine scale, we found that rapid cortical expansion prefrontal region took place early on during primates. In anthropoids, fast-expanding extended posterior parietal cortex. Homo, further affected medial temporal lobe posteroinferior lobe. Collectively, anthropoids are form network producing mind reading abilities higher-order cognitive functions. These results indicate pursuing drove Primate brains.

Язык: Английский

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Is 3D, a more accurate quantitative method than 2D, crucial for analyzing disparity patterns in extinct marine arthropods (Trilobita)?

Paleobiology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 1 - 19

Опубликована: Янв. 21, 2025

Abstract Phacopid trilobites are well documented during the Paleozoic. Nevertheless, while 2D quantitative analyses have advanced our understanding of morphological relationships among trilobites, quantification their traits in 3D remains rarely documented. Based on two sets data (head and tail), versus shape approaches were used to explore allometries as how variations can be explained by phylogenetic phacopid trilobite species for first time. We demonstrate that (1) there similar patterns variability across taxa 2D; (2) rather congruent results between discriminate taxa; (3) landmarks capture different levels detail, third dimension is very important making taxonomic distinctions at genus level; (4) congruity datasets allometric with showing slopes exhibiting a glabellar length decrease growth leading wider cephala; (5) phylomorphospaces show tree branches do not intersect, suggesting possible constraints morphospace occupation each supporting idea Austerops Morocops groups sister clades experienced modes evolution; (6) descriptors morphometric throughout evolution effective.

Язык: Английский

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A New Superimposition Method Usable for Comparing the Shape of Several Maps

KN - Journal of Cartography and Geographic Information, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 23, 2025

Язык: Английский

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The cultural transmission of Ongagawa style pottery in the prehistoric Japan: quantitative analysis on three-dimensional data of archaeological pottery in the early Yayoi period

Journal of The Royal Society Interface, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 22(223)

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

The present study analysed archaeological pottery in the early Yayoi period of prehistoric Japanese archipelago, i.e. Ongagawa style pottery, which has been traditionally regarded as an indicator spread rice farming archipelago. To this end, we quantified two- and three-dimensional data outlines surfaces based on elliptic Fourier spherical harmonics analyses, respectively. results show morphological variation is spatially temporally structured, consistent with view that via two routes (the Japan Sea route Setouchi route) potential more complex interactions between transmission routes. exemplifies a useful quantitative method to theorize cultural evolutionary trajectories remains.

Язык: Английский

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Decoding Facial Dissymmetry: A Comparative Morphological Study on Human Skulls and Facial Structures

Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Global Open, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13(2), С. e6514 - e6514

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

This study provides a detailed examination of facial asymmetry and its relationship with skeletal structure soft tissues, aiming to better understand the morphological variations face. The characteristics 615 patients were analyzed using morphometric measurements. To complement this analysis, 189 skulls examined establish concordance between allowing for deeper understanding observed asymmetry. data statistically identify patterns measurements revealed prevalence "narrow face" on right side, characterized by features such as narrower orbit, thinner lateronasal area, slightly higher maxillomalar block. Notable exceptions pattern observed, indicating significant individual variations. Facial is constant feature among individuals influenced complex embryological development processes. Identifying these new insights aesthetic procedures, emphasizing importance personalized approach diagnosis.

Язык: Английский

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Investigating Development in Human Evolution: Specificities, Challenges, and Opportunities

Evolutionary Anthropology Issues News and Reviews, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 34(1)

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

Unlike developmental biologists, paleoanthropologists primarily investigate development using skeletal remains, specifically fossilized and already-formed bones teeth. Focusing on peri- and/or postnatal growth, they reconstruct from fragmented "snapshots" of individual trajectories at various ontogenetic stages. These constraints prompt a discussion what defines versus its boundaries in studies hominin evolution. We explore how address the limitations fossil record by diverse methodological theoretical frameworks to identify markers despite missing data. Finally, we discuss potential "Extended Evolutionary Synthesis," which calls for greater focus processes interpreting phenotypic variation record.

Язык: Английский

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Morphological evolution in a time of phenomics

Paleobiology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 1 - 19

Опубликована: Март 11, 2025

Abstract Organismal morphology was at the core of study biodiversity for millennia before formalization concept evolution. In early to mid-twentieth century, a strong theoretical framework developed understanding both pattern and process morphological evolution, 50 years since founding this journal capture transformational period in quantification analytical tools estimating how diversity changes through time. We are now another inflection point with availability vast amounts high-resolution data sampling extant extinct allowing “omics”-scale analysis. Artificial intelligence is accelerating pace phenomic acquisition even further. This new reality, which ability obtain quickly outpacing analyze it robust, realistic evolutionary models, brings set challenges. Phylogenetic comparative methods have provided insights into processes generating diversity, but reliance on molecular resultant exclusion fossil from most large phylogenetic trees has well-established negative impacts analyses, as we demonstrate examples standard single-rate mode- rate-shift recently described Ornstein-Uhlenbeck climate model. Further development analysis high-dimensional needed, existing can refine our expectations evolution generation under different scenarios, analyses placental skull Cenozoic. Fully transitioning omics era will involve automate extraction meaningful, comparable morphometric images, integrate downstream generate robust models that accurately reflect complexity well-suited data. Combined, these advancements solidify emerging field phenomics appropriately center around deep-time

Язык: Английский

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The differentiated impacts and constraints of allometry, phylogeny, and environment on the ruminants’ ankle bone

Communications Biology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 8(1)

Опубликована: Март 18, 2025

Abstract The astragalus is a hinged bony organ common to many tetrapods. Several factors, including allometry, phylogeny, and environment, constrain its morphology. Due the underlying risk of these factors being confounding, previous works have frequently highlighted difficulty in discerning specific influence each factor. Here, we conducted allometric size-adjusted clade ecomorphological analyses assess contribution three parameters morphological variation ruminant artiodactyls. 3D geometric morphometric confirm astragalus’ highly integrated structure multifactorial responses. Sturdier astragali are correlated with heavier bodies. Bovids tend display larger proximal trochlear ridges, moschids show prominent posterior process. degree development areas where joints ligaments intersect reflects freedom ankle locomotion type. This study provides new perspectives on evolution ruminants their interactions environment.

Язык: Английский

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Potential of facial biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease and obstructive sleep apnea in Down syndrome and general population

The FASEB Journal, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 39(6)

Опубликована: Март 24, 2025

Down syndrome (DS), caused by trisomy 21, is associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Traditional diagnostic methods for AD OSA, like cerebrospinal fluid analysis polysomnography, are invasive challenging people DS. In this study, we assessed whether facial morphology could be used as a potential noninvasive biomarker these conditions in both DS the general population. We performed comprehensive 3D shape variation registering coordinates 21 landmarks on models extracted from magnetic resonance images 131 individuals 216 euploid (EU) adult controls, including OSA cases. Procrustes ANOVA MANOVA quantified sex, age, size, while geometric morphometrics group differences. Significant differences were observed between EU groups, indicating sex-dependent altered age-related changes DS, particularly females. Facial correlated amyloid beta ratio (Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40), key biomarker. diagnosis not significant after adjusting age but detected For apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), severe showed distinct compared those without suggesting association respiratory disturbances. These results highlight detection management.

Язык: Английский

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