Options for managing human threats to high seas biodiversity

Ocean & Coastal Management, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 187, С. 105110 - 105110

Опубликована: Фев. 4, 2020

Areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ) constitute 61% of the world's oceans and are collectively managed by countries under United Nations Convention on Law Sea (UNCLOS). Growing concern regarding deteriorating state ineffective management ABNJ has resulted in negotiations to develop an international legally binding instrument (ILBI) for conservation sustainable use biodiversity UNCLOS. To inform these negotiations, we identified existing emerging human activities influences that affect evaluated options available mitigate most pervasive, with highest potential impact probability emergence. The highest-ranking were fishing/hunting, maritime shipping, climate change its associated effects, land-based pollution mineral exploitation. Management diverse through a variety actors, although their actions not always effective. Area-based tools (ABMTs), including marine protected areas (MPAs), only consistently effective option impacts across high-ranked influences. However, addressing will require action prevent this at source, MPAs offer partial solution change. A new ILBI could help unify actors conserve ensure use. Incorporating mechanism establish ABMTs into deliver multiple objectives based ecosystem approach.

Язык: Английский

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Deep-Sea Debris in the Central and Western Pacific Ocean

Frontiers in Marine Science, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 7

Опубликована: Май 27, 2020

Marine debris is a growing problem in the world's deep oceans. The naturally slow biological and chemical processes operating at depth, coupled with types of materials that are used commercially, suggest likely to persist ocean for long periods time, ranging from hundreds thousands years. However, realized scale marine accumulation unknown due logistical, technological, financial constraints related deep-ocean exploration. Coordinated deep-water exploration 2015 2017 enabled new insights into status deep-sea throughout central western Pacific Basin via ROV expeditions conducted onboard NOAA Ship Okeanos Explorer RV Falkor. These included sites U.S. protected areas monuments, other Exclusive Economic Zones, international areas, beyond national jurisdiction. Metal, glass, plastic, rubber, cloth, fishing gear, were encountered during 17.5% 188 dives 150 m 6,000 depth. Correlations observed between densities geological features, distance human-settled land. highest occurred off American Samoa main Hawaiian Islands. Debris, mostly consisting gear also most large-scale adding body evidence even deep, remote not immune human impacts. Interactions impacts on communities noted, though further study required understand full extent these We discuss potential sources long-term implications this debris.

Язык: Английский

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Marine protected and conserved areas in the time of COVID

PARKS, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 27, С. 85 - 102

Опубликована: Март 11, 2021

The intersection of potential global targets and commitments for ocean conservation with the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 has resulted an opportunity to rethink future marine area-based tools, particularly protected conserved areas (MPCAs).As MPCAs continue provide essential ecological, social economic services, current approaches establishing managing these require understanding factors that drive pressures they face.We briefly review their status pre-pandemic overview impacts informed primarily by 15 case studies.Impacts are two kinds: those affecting livelihoods well-being local communities stakeholders depend on MPCA; which affect management governance MPCA itself.Responses from managers have addressed: resources; income food security; monitoring enforcement; seafood supply chains; communication amongst managers, community members other stakeholders.Finally, we discuss innovative tools scaling transformational change, emphasising synergies between sustainable livelihoods, how relate principles equity resilience.

Язык: Английский

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Regular monitoring and targeted removals can control lionfish in Mediterranean Marine Protected Areas

Aquatic Conservation Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 31(10), С. 2870 - 2882

Опубликована: Июль 21, 2021

Abstract A lack of biosecurity in the Suez Canal has combined with global warming and other human pressures to cause abrupt changes Mediterranean Sea. Throughout this region an influx species is influencing outcome efforts protect restore nature. Despite calls for targeted removals invasive from protected areas, there limited information about effectiveness course action both ecological a socio‐economic perspective. In study, coordinated lionfish ( Pterois miles ) by volunteers/scuba divers at three marine sites Cyprus were conducted. The removal efficiency was monitored using visual‐census surveys citizen science data. Removals significantly decreased numbers but long‐term suppression would require monitoring repetition when necessary, since population recovery sometimes rapid. Citizen yielded data needed understand guide timing events, characterized large variation potential outliers, highlighting need sample sizes. Questionnaire used assess social impact participation removals; these showed that involvement had strong positive on knowledge motivation support conservation activities – even willing pay extra remove lionfish. Management reforms be capitalize societal motivation, enable effective scuba divers, competent authorities. EU aims least 30% waters 2030. Removal events could help shield selected adverse effects same time establish links local communities, strengthening sustainable use systems corporate levels.

Язык: Английский

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Toward a decade of ocean science for sustainable development through acoustic animal tracking

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 28(19), С. 5630 - 5653

Опубликована: Авг. 5, 2022

Abstract The ocean is a key component of the Earth's dynamics, providing great variety ecosystem services to humans. Yet, human activities are globally changing its structure and major components, including marine biodiversity. In this context, United Nations has proclaimed Decade Ocean Science for Sustainable Development tackle scientific challenges necessary sustainable use by means Goal 14 (SDG14). Here, we review how Acoustic animal Tracking, widely distributed methodology tracking biodiversity with electronic devices, can provide roadmap implementing Actions achieve SDG14. We show that acoustic be used reduce monitor effects pollution noise, light, plastic pollution. effectively responses human‐made infrastructures habitat restoration, as well determine hypoxia, warming, acidification. been historically inform fisheries management, design protected areas, detection essential habitats, rendering technique particularly attractive fishing spatial protection target goals Finally, contribute end illegal, unreported, unregulated tools against poachers promote development Small Islands Developing States developing countries. To fully benefit from supporting SDG14 Targets, trans‐boundary collaborative efforts through networks required information sharing literacy. therefore propose relevant contributors promoted Nations.

Язык: Английский

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