The Anatomical Record,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Сен. 12, 2024
Acynodon
adriaticus,
a
small
eusuchian
from
the
Late
Cretaceous
of
Italy,
is
known
for
its
well-preserved
cranial
and
postcranial
material.
Despite
excellent
preservation,
many
details
remain
hidden
due
to
physical
overlap
between
elements
matrix
obliteration.
We
used
Micro-CT
scans
reveal
previously
overlooked
anatomical
features
describe
in
detail
dental
anatomy
this
taxon,
shedding
new
light
on
palaeoecology.
The
holotypic
specimen,
SC
57248,
represents
mature
individual
exhibiting
signs
hyperossification,
developed
ornamentation,
various
pathologies,
including
jaw
arthritis
possible
anomaly.
adriaticus
exhibits
significant
durophagous
adaptations,
robust,
brevirostrine
skull
optimized
powerful
biting
stress-load
capacity.
Its
specialized
dentition,
lacking
caniniform
teeth,
anterior
chisel-like
teeth
hypertrophic
posterior
molariforms
with
thick
enamel,
indicative
diet
specializing
hard-shelled
prey.
dentition
pattern,
accelerated
molariform
replacement
rate,
reduced
orbit
size
suggest
adaptations
foraging
turbid,
densely
vegetated
aquatic
environments.
paleoecological
context
during
Cretaceous,
characterized
by
increased
freshwater
habitats
high
invertebrate
diversity,
likely
facilitated
evolution
such
traits
A.
adriaticus.
This
crocodylomorph
foraged
slowly
shallow,
benthic
environments,
using
bite
process
mollusks
large
arthropods.
study
along
comparisons
other
crocodylomorphs
ecomorphologically
similar
taxa
like
Iharkutosuchus
makadii
Gnatusuchus
pebasensis,
provides
valuable
morphofunctional
model
understanding
evolutionary
pathways
extinct
crocodylians
durophagy.
The Anatomical Record,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Март 1, 2024
Abstract
Baurusuchidae
comprises
a
clade
of
top‐tier
terrestrial
predators
and
are
among
the
most
abundant
crocodyliforms
found
in
Adamantina
Formation,
Bauru
Basin,
Brazil
(Campanian‐Maastrichtian).
Here,
we
provide
detailed
description
cranial
postcranial
osteology
myology
complete
juvenile
baurusuchid
to
date.
Although
preservation
individuals
is
somewhat
rare,
previously
reported
occurrences
egg
clutches,
yearling
individual,
larger,
but
skeletally
immature
specimens,
comprise
unique
opportunity
track
anatomical
changes
throughout
their
ontogenetic
series.
Its
anatomy
was
resolved
with
aid
three‐dimensional
model
generated
by
acquisition
computed
tomography
data,
its
inferred
adductor
mandibular
musculature
compared
that
mature
specimens
order
assess
possible
shifts.
A
subsequent
phylogenetic
analysis
included
scoring
Gondwanasuchus
scabrosus
,
smallest
species
known
date,
evaluate
relations
relative
juvenile.
We
find
considerable
differences
between
juveniles
adults
concerning
skull
ornamentation
muscle
development,
which
might
indicate
niche
partitioning,
also
evidence
G.
corresponds
young
semaphoront
lacking
features.
Journal of Anatomy,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
242(5), С. 927 - 952
Опубликована: Янв. 20, 2023
The
vertebrate
trigeminal
nerve
is
the
primary
mediator
of
somatosensory
information
from
endings
across
face,
extending
branches
through
bony
canals
in
face
and
mandibles,
terminating
sensory
receptors.
Reptiles
evolved
several
extreme
forms
cranial
somatosensation
which
enhanced
tissues
are
present
species
engaging
unique
mechanosensory
behaviors.
However,
morphology
varies
by
clade
ecology
among
reptiles.
Few
lineages
approach
degree
tactile
possessed
crocodylians,
only
remaining
members
a
that
underwent
an
ecological
transition
terrestrial
to
semiaquatic
habitat,
also
evolving
specialized
system.
It
remains
be
understood
how
osteological
correlates
inform
adaptations
for
sensation
crocodylians.
Here
we
identify
increase
abilities
Early
Jurassic
crocodylomorphs,
preceding
transitions
habitat.
Through
quantification
neurovascular
canal
branching
patterns
extant
phylogenetic
bracket
quantify
morphologies
associated
with
behaviors
representative
fossil
taxa,
find
stepwise
progression
increasing
density,
complexity,
distribution
primitive
archosaurian
derived
crocodilian
condition.
Model-based
inferences
ecologies
tested
on
quantified
taxa
known
indicate
parallel
pseudosuchians.
These
findings
establish
reptile
ecomorphology,
revealing
evolutionary
ecology.
The Anatomical Record,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
308(2), С. 266 - 314
Опубликована: Ноя. 25, 2024
Abstract
Crocodylomorphs
constitute
a
clade
of
archosaurs
that
have
thrived
since
the
Mesozoic
until
today
and
survived
numerous
major
biological
crises.
Contrary
to
historic
belief,
their
semiaquatic
extant
representatives
(crocodylians)
are
not
living
fossils,
and,
during
evolutionary
history,
crocodylomorphs
evolved
live
in
variety
environments.
This
review
aims
summarize
non‐semiaquatic
adaptations
(i.e.,
either
terrestrial
or
fully
aquatic)
different
groups
from
periods,
highlighting
how
exactly
those
lifestyles
inferred
for
animals,
with
regard
geographic
temporal
distribution
phylogenetic
relationships.
The
ancestral
condition
Crocodylomorpha
seems
been
lifestyle,
linked
several
morphological
such
as
an
altirostral
skull,
long
limbs
allowing
erect
posture
specialized
dentition
diets
based
on
land.
However,
some
members
this
clade,
thalattosuchians
dyrosaurids
display
opposite,
aquatic
interestingly
same
type
observations.
Finally,
new
techniques
inferring
paleobiology
extinct
animals
put
forward
last
decade,
appearing
complementary
approach
traditional
descriptions
comparisons.
Such
is
case
paleoneuroanatomical
(CT
scan
data),
histological,
geochemical
studies.
The Anatomical Record,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
305(10), С. 3016 - 3030
Опубликована: Июнь 20, 2022
New
imaging
and
biomechanical
approaches
have
heralded
a
renaissance
in
our
understanding
of
crocodylian
anatomy.
Here,
we
review
series
the
preparation,
imaging,
functional
analysis
jaw
muscles
crocodylians.
Iodine-contrast
microCT
are
enabling
new
insights
into
anatomy
muscles,
nerves,
other
soft
tissues
embryonic
as
well
adult
specimens
alligators.
These
data
muscle
modeling
methods
offer
increased
accuracy
sizes
attachments
without
destructive
like
dissection.
3D
together
now
enable
us
to
see
reconstruct
architecture
which
then
allows
estimate
resultants,
but
also
measurements
pennation
ways
not
seen
before.
already
revealed
information
on
ontogeny,
diversity,
function
heads
alligators
Such
will
lead
enhanced
accurate
analyses
form,
function,
evolution
crocodylians,
their
fossil
ancestors
vertebrates
general.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
122(13)
Опубликована: Март 17, 2025
The
origin
of
birds
represents
a
pivotal
transition
in
vertebrate
evolution,
marked
by
significant
changes
both
brain
size
and
feeding
biomechanics.
evolution
the
avian
skull
involved
dramatic
modifications,
such
as
segmented
palate
development
powered
cranial
kinesis
neognath
birds.
Powered
kinesis,
ability
to
move
parts
independently,
is
considered
key
innovation
behind
dietary
diversity
evolutionary
success
However,
processes
driving
emergence
have
remained
unclear
until
recently.
By
analyzing
data
from
Mesozoic
birds,
including
reinterpretations
homology,
3D
jaw
muscle
biomechanics,
linkage
analysis,
researchers
quantified
forces
their
effects
on
mechanics
during
theropods
As
neurocranium
expanded
non-avian
theropods,
temporal
muscles
shifted
more
rostrocaudal
positions
aiding
segmentation
pterygoid.
This
musculoskeletal
transformation
increased
fore-aft
force
neognaths,
enabling
kinesis.
A
critical
change
was
separation
epipterygoid
ossification
braincase,
leading
breakdown
primitive
kinematic
linkages
new
basicranial
joint,
which
allowed
for
greater
flexibility.
These
findings
shed
light
how
neurosensory
systems
coevolved
bird
origins
offer
methods
identifying
extinct
vertebrates.
Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
204(2)
Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2025
Abstract
Crocodyliforms
are
poorly
known
from
the
Early
Jurassic
Lufeng
Formation
of
China,
and
a
new
specimen
Platyognathus
hsui
is
by
far
most
complete
yet
known.
It
shares
with
missing
holotype
neotype
very
unusual
features
dentary
caniniform
that
polygonal
in
cross-section
fusion
symphysis,
provides
four
additional
diagnosing
species.
Features
such
as
relatively
broad
rostrum
posteroventrolateral
process
on
squamosal
place
it
taxa
closer
to
extant
crocodylians
than
Orthosuchus
Protosuchus,
an
early
branching
relative
Gobiosuchidae.
The
oldest
previous
record
gobiosuchid
lineage
was
late
Barremian
stage
Cretaceous,
this
extends
fossil
back
67
Myr.
We
recognize
superfamily,
Gobiosuchoidea,
include
gobiosuchids.
Journal of Anatomy,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
242(2), С. 289 - 311
Опубликована: Окт. 7, 2022
Abstract
In
vertebrates,
active
movement
is
driven
by
muscle
forces
acting
on
bones,
either
directly
or
through
tendinous
insertions.
There
has
been
much
debate
over
how
size
and
force
are
reflected
the
muscular
attachment
areas
(AAs).
Here
we
investigate
relationship
between
physiological
cross‐sectional
area
(PCSA),
a
proxy
for
production
of
muscle,
AA
hindlimb
muscles
in
Nile
crocodiles
five
bird
species.
The
limbs
were
held
fixed
position
whilst
blunt
dissection
was
carried
out
to
isolate
individual
muscles.
AAs
digitised
using
point
digitiser,
before
removed
from
bone.
Muscles
then
further
dissected
fibre
architecture
measured,
PCSA
calculated.
raw
measures,
as
well
ratio
AA,
studied
compared
intra‐observer
error
intra‐
interspecies
differences.
We
found
large
variations
both
within
across
species,
but
fascicle
lengths
conserved
whether
this
tinamou.
Whilst
discriminant
analysis
able
separate
crocodylian
avian
data,
ratios
all
species
most
can
be
represented
single
equation.
remaining
have
specific
equations
represent
their
scaling,
often
relatively
high
success
at
predicting
PCSA.
Coelophysis
bauri
,
dinosaur,
estimate
PCSAs
therefore
maximal
isometric
forces.
results
somewhat
consistent
with
other
methods
estimating
production,
suggest
that,
least
some
archosaurian
muscles,
that
it
possible
use
sizes.
This
method
complementary
such
digital
volumetric
modelling.
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
68
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023
Ornithosuchids
are
a
Late
Triassic
pseudosuchian
archosaur
group,
consisting
of
four
species
(three
from
South
America,
and
one
Scotland).All
them
have
triangular
skulls
with
protruding
premaxilla,
large
nostrils,
an
extensive
diastema
in
their
narrow
snout,
short
jaw
that
does
not
reach
the
anterior
end
skull,
serrated
posteriorly
curved
teeth.For
this
clade,
carnivorous
scavenger
habits
been
previously
proposed.Within
Ornithosuchidae,
Riojasuchus
tenuisceps
(from
Argentina)
has
most
morphologically
extreme
characteristics.Based
on
CT
scans
preserved
we
generated
3D
model,
over
this,
estimated
volumes
adductors
abductor
muscles
force
exerted
by
each.From
these
data
built
finite
element
model
measured
bite
(1.8-2.3
kN).Lateral,
tractive,
torsional
forces
were
applied
to
snout
evaluate
structural
response
skull
during
feeding.The
results
show
R.
could
resist
tractive
stresses
better
than
lateral
stress.Additionally,
analysed
peculiar
morphological
characteristics
functional
implications.We
observed
upper
lower
dental
rows
laterally
separated
each
other,
preventing
generation
cutting
line
occlusion,
therefore,
would
fed
small-sized
prey
it
swallow
whole.The
premaxilla
mandible
allow
tip
(ruling
out
scavenging
hypothesis),
but
instead
more
adequate
capturing
suspended
fluid.This
set
allows
us
propose
had
zoophagous
diet
wading
habit,
being
able
feed
fish,
amphibians,
or
any
small
animals
they
catch
shoreline.
The Anatomical Record,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
308(2), С. 671 - 735
Опубликована: Ноя. 18, 2024
Abstract
A
newly
referred
specimen
of
Coahomasuchus
kahleorum
(TMM
31100‐437)
from
the
lower
part
Upper
Triassic
Dockum
Group
Texas
preserves
much
skeleton
including
majority
skull.
Introduced
in
literature
1980s
as
“carnivorous
aetosaur”,
TMM
31100‐437
bears
recurved
teeth
that
previously
were
considered
unique
among
aetosaurs.
The
small
size
individual
led
to
speculation
it
represents
a
skeletally
immature
retains
plesiomorphic
dentition
for
Archosauromorpha.
We
provide
detailed
evaluation
anatomy
and
phylogenetic
relationships
this
specimen.
Apomorphies
osteoderms
braincase
support
referral
C.
.
Histological
analysis
femur
demonstrates
does
not
represent
juvenile
form
another
known
aetosaur.
Thus,
31000‐437
provides
case
demonstrating
aetosaur
species
spanned
wide
range
maximum
body
sizes,
approximately
1.5
m
over
5
length.
Reanalysis
type
,
along
with
information
31000‐437,
lateral
are
autapomorphic
described
have
distinct
medial
flanges
well
dorsal
eminence.
Overall,
key
details
regarding
diet
an
early
occurring