Catalysis Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025
A study of the synergistic effect Fe and Ce in microwave-assisted heterogeneous Fenton-type oxidation low-density polyethylene to value-added chemicals over a Fe–CeO 2 catalyst.
Язык: Английский
The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 913, С. 169436 - 169436
Опубликована: Дек. 29, 2023
Due to the 'forever' degrading nature of plastic waste, waste management is often complicated. The applications are ubiquitous and inevitable in many scenarios. Current global plastics production ca. 3.5 MMT per year, with current trend, will reach 25,000 by 2040. However, rapid growth manufacture material's inherent resulted accumulation a vast amount garbage. recycling rate <10 %, while large volumes discarded cause environmental ecological problems. Recycling rates for vary widely region type plastic. In some developed countries, around 20-30 developing nations, it much lower. These statistics highlight magnitude problem urgent need comprehensive strategies manage more effectively reduce its impact on environment. This review critically analyses past studies essential efficient techniques turning trash into treasure. Additionally, an attempt has been made provide understanding upcycling process, 3Rs policy, life-cycle assessment (LCA) conversion. advocates pyrolysis as one most promising methods valuable chemicals. addition, can be severely impacted due uncontrollable events, such Covid 19 pandemic. chemical certainly bring value end-of-life LCA analysis indicated there still huge scope innovation area compared mechanical recycling. formulation policies heightened public participation could play pivotal role reducing repercussions facilitating shift towards sustainable future.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
51
Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1)
Опубликована: Март 20, 2024
Abstract Only a small proportion of global plastic waste is recycled, which most mechanically recycled into lower quality materials. The alternative, chemical recycling, enables renewed production pristine materials, but generally comes at high energy cost, particularly for processes like pyrolysis. This review focuses on light-driven approaches chemically recycling and upcycling waste, with emphasis reduced consumption selective transformations not achievable heat-driven methods. We focus challenging to recycle backbone structures composed mainly C‒C bonds, lack functional groups i.e., esters or amides, that facilitate e.g., by solvolysis. discuss the use light, either in conjunction heat drive depolymerization monomers via photocatalysis transform polymers valuable molecules. structural prerequisites these are outlined, highlighting their advantages as well limitations. conclude an outlook, addressing key challenges, opportunities, provide guidelines future photocatalyst (PC) development.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
38
Chemical Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 124(16), С. 9457 - 9579
Опубликована: Авг. 16, 2024
The large production volumes of commodity polyolefins (specifically, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, and poly(vinyl chloride)), in conjunction with their low unit values multitude short-term uses, have resulted a significant pressing waste management challenge. Only small fraction these is currently mechanically recycled, the rest being incinerated, accumulating landfills, or leaking into natural environment. Since are energy-rich materials, there considerable interest recouping some chemical value while simultaneously motivating more responsible end-of-life management. An emerging strategy catalytic depolymerization, which portion C-C bonds polyolefin backbone broken assistance catalyst and, cases, additional molecule reagents. When products molecules materials higher own right, as feedstocks, process called upcycling. This review summarizes recent progress for four major upcycling strategies: hydrogenolysis, (hydro)cracking, tandem processes involving metathesis, selective oxidation. Key considerations include macromolecular reaction mechanisms relative to mechanisms, design transformations, effect conditions on product selectivity. Metrics describing critically evaluated, an outlook future advances described.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
35
Energy & Fuels, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 38(3), С. 1676 - 1691
Опубликована: Янв. 22, 2024
Mechanical recycling of plastic waste is not sustainable and inefficient in terms the resources needed to accomplish process, quality materials obtained from this technique substandard. Chemical polymers appears be preferable because technology allows for production new materials. This review compiles most recent research which selected transition metals are used as catalysts hydrogenolytic depolymerization polyolefins a polymer upcycling process. Hydrogenolysis an emerging chemical method that uses transition-metal complexes presence hydrogen cleave C–C bonds substances into shorter hydrocarbons. Transition such Ruthenium (Ru), Platinum (Pt), Nickel (Ni), Cobalt (Co), Zirconium (Zr), Tantalum (Ta), Rhodium (Rh) have been utilized recently type reaction. hydrogenolysis can produce valuable hydrocarbon products, gas/liquid fuels lubricating oils, under relatively milder operational conditions with less environmental impact. The focused on supported metal organometal catalytic system their mechanism polyolefin pathways detailed investigation impact reaction parameters high gasoline, diesel, light lubricants.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
25
Polymer, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. 126698 - 126698
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
16
Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 47, С. 100911 - 100911
Опубликована: Март 15, 2024
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
16
Journal of the American Chemical Society, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown
Опубликована: Сен. 6, 2024
The selective upcycling of polyolefins to create products increased value has emerged as an innovative approach carbon resource stewardship, drawing significant scientific and industrial interest. Although recent advancements in recycling technology have facilitated the direct conversion hydrocarbons or oxygenated compounds, synthesis nitrogenated compounds from such waste not yet been disclosed. Herein, we demonstrate a novel for by efficiently transforming range postconsumer plastic into nitriles amides. This process leverages catalytic properties manganese dioxide combination with inexpensive nitrogen source, urea, make it both practical economically viable. Our only opens new avenues creation chemicals polyolefin but also underscores critical importance valorizing resources originally derived fossil fuels. study provides strategy sustainable polyolefins.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
15
Polymer Degradation and Stability, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 222, С. 110712 - 110712
Опубликована: Фев. 22, 2024
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
14
TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 173, С. 117631 - 117631
Опубликована: Март 5, 2024
The pervasive presence of plastics in the environment, particularly microplastics, has become a significant global challenge, demanding innovative solutions for their management and upcycling. While traditional methods including landfill incineration face limitations environmental impact, emerging technologies offer promising pathways conversion into valuable chemicals fuels, operating under ambient conditions often utilizing sustainable energy sources. Considering current research progress plastic upgrading, it is necessary to summarize chemical upcycling waste. To this end, review provides an overall examination methodologies treatment, pyrolysis, hydrogenolysis, photocatalysis, electrocatalysis. Existing knowledge gaps future directions are then proposed. Overall, highlights potential these novel approaches aligning with principles circular economy.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
13
Green Chemistry, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 26(15), С. 8528 - 8549
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024
Recent developments in the photochemical upcycling and recycling of plastics.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
13