Abstract
Recently,
the
enzyme‐inspired
nanoconfinement
effect
has
garnered
significant
attention
for
enhancing
efficiency
of
electrocatalysts
and
photocatalysts.
Despite
substantial
progress
in
these
fields,
there
remains
a
notable
absence
comprehensive
insightful
articles
providing
clear
understanding
nanoconfined
catalysts.
This
review
addresses
this
gap
by
delving
into
catalysts
electrocatalytic
photocatalytic
energy
conversion.
Initially,
on
thermodynamics
kinetics
reactions
is
explored.
Subsequently,
primary
secondary
structures
are
categorized,
their
properties
outlined,
typical
methods
construction
summarized.
Furthermore,
an
overview
state‐of‐the‐art
applications
provided,
focusing
hydrogen
oxygen
evolution,
reduction,
carbon
dioxide
peroxide
production,
nitrogen
reduction.
Finally,
current
challenges
future
prospects
discussed.
aims
to
provide
in‐depth
insights
guidelines
advance
development
conversion
technology
ACS Materials Letters,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
6(7), С. 2757 - 2786
Опубликована: Июнь 5, 2024
As
the
demand
for
sustainable
energy
sources
increases,
water
electrolysis
has
attracted
huge
attention
in
research
fields
due
to
its
cleanliness
and
high
purity
of
hydrogen
generation.
Electrolysis
technology
involves
splitting
molecules
into
oxygen
using
electricity.
The
combined
with
renewable
electricity
makes
it
a
key
method
producing
sustainably.
Herein,
we
present
comprehe1nsive
review
systems
efficient
production.
First,
representative
components
membrane
electrode
assembly
(MEA)
investigations
respect
configurations
MEAs,
which
are
categorized
as
catalyst-coated
substrates
(CCSs)
membranes
(CCMs),
will
be
discussed.
Then,
introduce
state-of-the-art
practices
on
electrolyzers
classified
alkaline
(AWEs),
proton
exchange
(PEMWEs),
anion
(AEMWEs).
Finally,
critical
outlooks
realize
full
potential
highlighted.
Seawater
electrolysis
offers
a
sustainable
solution
for
hydrogen
production
by
utilizing
ocean
water
as
an
electrolyte.
However,
the
chlorine
evolution
reaction
(ClER)
and
accumulation
of
magnesium
calcium
precipitates
pose
significant
challenges
to
efficiency
durability.
ClER
competes
with
oxygen
reaction,
reducing
output
accelerating
electrode
degradation,
while
precipitate
formation
on
cathode
blocks
catalytic
sites
impairs
long-term
performance.
Anion
exchange
membrane
electrolyzers
tackle
these
leveraging
alkaline
media
suppress
enhance
catalyst
stability.
Recent
advances
in
selective
catalysts,
protective
coatings,
alternative
oxidation
reactions
further
improve
selectivity
energy
efficiency.
Additionally,
strategies
such
surface
engineering
pH
modulation
mitigate
formation,
ensuring
stable
operation.
Scaling
innovations
into
anion
electrolyzer
systems
demonstrates
their
potential
industrial-level
production.
By
overcoming
fundamental
practical
barriers,
seawater
toward
commercial
deployment
future.
ACS electrochemistry.,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Фев. 7, 2025
Anion
exchange
membrane
water
electrolysis
(AEMWE)
is
an
emerging
technology
for
the
low-cost
production
of
hydrogen.
However,
efficiency
and
durability
AEMWE
devices
currently
insufficient
to
compete
with
other
low-temperature
technologies.
The
porous
transport
layer
(PTL)
a
critical
cell
component
that
remains
relatively
unoptimized
AEMWE.
In
this
study,
we
demonstrate
device
performance
significantly
affected
by
morphology
composition
PTL.
For
Ni
fiber-based
PTLs
∼2
μm
Co3O4
oxygen
evolution
reaction
catalyst
layer,
decreasing
pore
size
porosity
resulted
in
20%
increase
current
density
at
2
V
1
M
KOH
supporting
electrolyte.
Alloy
even
lower
had
higher
performance;
particular,
stainless
steel
PTL
gave
80%
relative
Ni.
Without
Co3O4,
alloy
still
demonstrated
high
activity,
indicating
material
was
catalytically
active.
characterization
electrode
electrolyte
after
testing
indicated
also
underwent
restructuring
corrosion
processes
may
limit
long-term
stability.
This
study
demonstrates
design
improved
important
area
focus
achieve
targets.
Abstract
Recently,
the
enzyme‐inspired
nanoconfinement
effect
has
garnered
significant
attention
for
enhancing
efficiency
of
electrocatalysts
and
photocatalysts.
Despite
substantial
progress
in
these
fields,
there
remains
a
notable
absence
comprehensive
insightful
articles
providing
clear
understanding
nanoconfined
catalysts.
This
review
addresses
this
gap
by
delving
into
catalysts
electrocatalytic
photocatalytic
energy
conversion.
Initially,
on
thermodynamics
kinetics
reactions
is
explored.
Subsequently,
primary
secondary
structures
are
categorized,
their
properties
outlined,
typical
methods
construction
summarized.
Furthermore,
an
overview
state‐of‐the‐art
applications
provided,
focusing
hydrogen
oxygen
evolution,
reduction,
carbon
dioxide
peroxide
production,
nitrogen
reduction.
Finally,
current
challenges
future
prospects
discussed.
aims
to
provide
in‐depth
insights
guidelines
advance
development
conversion
technology
