Current Opinion in Ophthalmology,
Год журнала:
2016,
Номер
27(2), С. 146 - 150
Опубликована: Фев. 2, 2016
Purpose
of
review
The
purpose
this
article
is
to
the
current
status
cannabis
in
treatment
glaucoma,
including
greater
availability
marijuana
USA.
Recent
findings
potency
marijuana,
as
measured
by
concentration
Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol,
has
increased
from
∼2
3%
1970s
∼20%
today.
Many
US
states
have
passed
laws
allowing
either
medicinal
or
recreational
use
marijuana.
Summary
pharmacology
and
its
effect
on
intraocular
pressure
not
changed
since
research
1980s.
Marijuana
an
effective
ocular
hypotensive
agent.
However,
cardiovascular
neurological
effects
are
observed
at
same
dose,
may
theoretically
reduce
beneficial
lowering
reducing
blood
flow.
clinician
must
be
cognizant
potential
diagnosis,
prognosis,
therapy.
Frontiers in Pharmacology,
Год журнала:
2018,
Номер
9
Опубликована: Ноя. 13, 2018
Cannabis
has
been
used
for
medicinal
purposes
thousands
of
years.
The
prohibition
cannabis
in
the
middle
20th
century
arrested
research.
In
recent
years
there
is
a
growing
debate
about
use
medical
purposes.
term
'medical
cannabis'
refers
to
physician-recommended
herb
and
its
components,
called
cannabinoids,
treat
disease
or
improve
symptoms.
Chronic
pain
most
commonly
cited
reason
using
cannabis.
Cannabinoids
act
via
cannabinoid
receptors,
but
they
also
affect
activities
many
other
ion
channels
enzymes.
Preclinical
studies
animals
both
pharmacological
genetic
approaches
have
increased
our
understanding
mechanisms
cannabinoid-induced
analgesia
provided
therapeutical
strategies
treating
humans.
analgesic
effect
cannabinoids
include
inhibition
release
neurotransmitters
neuropeptides
from
presynaptic
nerve
endings,
modulation
postsynaptic
neuron
excitability,
activation
descending
inhibitory
pathways,
reduction
neural
inflammation.
Recent
meta-analyses
clinical
trials
that
examined
chronic
present
moderate
amount
evidence
cannabis/cannabinoids
exhibit
activity,
especially
neuropathic
pain.
main
limitations
these
are
short
treatment
duration,
small
numbers
patients,
heterogeneous
patient
populations,
examination
different
doses,
efficacy
endpoints,
as
well
modest
observable
effects.
Adverse
effects
short-term
generally
mild
moderate,
tolerated
transient.
Considering
serious
health
problems
arise
recreational
cannabis,
it
necessary
collect
more
information
on
safety
long-term
Larger
well-designed
longer
duration
mandatory
determine
provide
definitive
answers
physicians
patients
regarding
risk
benefits
Due
limited
adverse
events,
should
be
reserved
refractory
cases
with
monitoring
Pharmacological Reviews,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
75(5), С. 885 - 958
Опубликована: Май 10, 2023
The
cannabis
derivative
marijuana
is
the
most
widely
used
recreational
drug
in
Western
world
and
consumed
by
an
estimated
83
million
individuals
(∼3%
of
population).
In
recent
years,
there
has
been
a
marked
transformation
society
regarding
risk
perception
cannabis,
driven
its
legalization
medical
use
many
states
United
States
worldwide.
Compelling
research
evidence
Food
Drug
Administration
cannabis-derived
cannabidiol
approval
for
severe
childhood
epilepsy
have
confirmed
large
therapeutic
potential
itself,
Δ
Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology,
Год журнала:
2017,
Номер
80(3), С. 441 - 449
Опубликована: Авг. 5, 2017
Oral
cannabinoids
(i.e.,
dronabinol,
nabilone)
containing
the
active
component
of
marijuana,
delta(Δ)9-tetrahydrocannabinol
(THC),
are
available
for
treatment
chemotherapy-induced
nausea
and
vomiting
(CINV)
in
patients
with
cancer
who
have
failed
to
adequately
respond
conventional
antiemetic
therapy.
The
aim
this
article
is
provide
an
overview
efficacy,
pharmacokinetics
(PK),
pharmacodynamics
(PD),
safety
oral
CINV.
A
PubMed
search
English-language
literature
through
4
January
2017
was
conducted
identify
relevant
articles
inclusion
review.
been
shown
similar
or
improved
efficacy
compared
antiemetics
resolution
and/or
cancer.
However,
THC
has
high
PK
variability,
variability
dronabinol
peak
plasma
concentrations
(C
max)
estimated
between
150
200%.
new
solution
decreased
intraindividual
(area
under
curve)
vs
capsules.
Further,
a
slower
time
C
max
administered
intravenously
(IV)
by
smoking,
lower
systemic
availability
than
IV
smoked
THC.
PD
profile
(e.g.,
"high")
differs
from
that
healthy
individuals.
associated
greater
incidence
adverse
effects
therapy
placebo
dizziness,
hypotension,
dysphoria
depression).
formulation
solution)
minimized
PK/PD
currently
observed
capsule
formulations.
Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM),
Год журнала:
2017,
Номер
55(10)
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2017
Abstract
Background:
Cannabis
has
been
used
since
ancient
times
to
relieve
neuropathic
pain,
lower
intraocular
pressure,
increase
appetite
and
finally
decrease
nausea
vomiting.
The
combination
of
the
psychoactive
cannabis
alkaloid
Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol
(THC)
with
non-psychotropic
alkaloids
cannabidiol
(CBD)
cannabinol
(CBN)
demonstrated
a
higher
activity
than
THC
alone.
Italian
National
Institute
Health
sought
establish
conditions
indications
on
how
correctly
use
nationally
produced
guarantee
therapeutic
continuity
in
individuals
treated
medical
cannabis.
Methods:
evaluation
cannabinoids
concentration
stability
standardized
preparations
tea
oil
was
conducted
using
an
easy
fast
ultra-high
performance
liquid
chromatography
tandem
mass
spectrometry
(UHPLC-MS/MS)
assay.
Results:
Extraction
efficiency
significantly
that
water
respect
different
cannabinoids.
This
especially
observed
case
pharmacologically
active
THC,
CBD
their
acidic
precursors.
Fifteen
minutes
boiling
sufficient
achieve
highest
concentrations
solutions.
At
ambient
temperature,
significant
50%
or
less
initial
over
3
7
days,
respectively.
When
refrigerated
at
4
°C,
similar
decreasing
profiles
were
for
two
compounds.
profile
obtained
after
pre-heating
flowering
tops
145
°C
30
min
static
oven
resulted
complete
decarboxylation
cannabinoid
acids
CBDA
THCA-A.
Nevertheless,
it
apparent
heat
not
only
decarboxylated
compounds,
but
also
increased
final
oil.
samples
maximum
(72%
concentration)
coming
from
unheated
temperature.
In
other
cannabinoids,
temperatures,
80%–85%
measured
up
14
days
preparation.
Conclusions:
As
first
most
important
aim
is
individuals,
strictly
preparation
protocol
necessary
assure
availability
homogeneous
product
defined
stability.
Current Oncology,
Год журнала:
2016,
Номер
23(11), С. 8 - 14
Опубликована: Март 1, 2016
Cannabis
species
have
been
used
as
medicine
for
thousands
of
years;
only
since
the
1940s
has
plant
not
widely
available
medical
use.
However,
an
increasing
number
jurisdictions
are
making
it
possible
patients
to
obtain
botanical
medicinal
For
cancer
patient,
cannabis
a
potential
benefits,
especially
in
management
symptoms.
is
useful
combatting
anorexia,
chemotherapy-induced
nausea
and
vomiting,
pain,
insomnia,
depression.
might
be
less
potent
than
other
antiemetics,
but
some
patients,
agent
that
works,
antiemetic
also
increases
appetite.
Inhaled
more
effective
placebo
ameliorating
peripheral
neuropathy
conditions,
could
prove
neuropathy.
A
pharmacokinetic
interaction
study
vaporized
with
chronic
pain
on
stable
doses
sustained-release
opioids
demonstrated
no
clinically
significant
change
plasma
opiates,
while
suggesting
possibility
synergistic
analgesia.
Aside
from
symptom
management,
body
vitro
animal-model
studies
supports
direct
anticancer
effect
cannabinoids
by
way
different
mechanisms
involving
apoptosis,
angiogenesis,
inhibition
metastasis.
Despite
absence
clinical
trials,
abundant
anecdotal
reports
describe
having
remarkable
responses
agent,
when
taken
high-potency
orally
ingested
concentrate,
circulating.
Human
should
conducted
address
critical
questions
related
foregoing
effects.
Cancers,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
12(9), С. 2447 - 2447
Опубликована: Авг. 28, 2020
Cannabis
or
its
derivatives
are
widely
used
by
patients
with
cancer
to
help
symptoms
and
treatment
side
effects.
However,
cannabis
has
potent
immunomodulatory
properties.
To
determine
if
consumption
during
immunotherapy
affects
therapy
outcomes,
we
conducted
a
prospective
observatory
study
including
102
(68
34
plus
cannabis)
consecutive
advanced
cancers
who
initiated
immunotherapy.
correlated
significant
decrease
in
time
tumor
progression
overall
survival.
On
the
other
hand,
use
of
reduced
therapy-related
immune-related
adverse
events.
We
also
tested
possibility
that
may
affect
immune
system
microenvironment
through
alteration
endocannabinoid
system.
analyzed
panel
serum
endocannabinoids
(eCBs)
eCB-like
lipids,
measuring
their
levels
before
after
both
groups.
Levels
eCBs
immunotherapy,
showed
no
differences
between
users
nonusers.
Nevertheless,
four
eCB
compounds
were
associated
patients'
survival
time.
Collectively,
considerable
effects,
among
needs
be
carefully
considered
due
potential
effects
on
system,
especially
Cannabidiol
(CBD)
and
∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol
(THC)
have
well
documented
immunomodulatory
effects
in
vitro,
but
not
following
oral
administration
humans.
Here
we
show
that
co-administration
of
cannabinoids
with
lipids
can
substantially
increase
their
intestinal
lymphatic
transport
rats.
CBD
concentrations
the
lymph
were
250-fold
higher
than
plasma,
while
THC
100-fold
plasma.
Since
are
currently
clinical
use
for
treatment
spasticity
multiple
sclerosis
(MS)
patients
to
alleviate
nausea
vomiting
associated
chemotherapy
cancer
patients,
lymphocytes
from
those
used
assess
cannabinoids.
The
levels
recovered
system,
above
threshold
murine
human
lymphocytes.
showed
immunosuppressive
THC.
Moreover,
immune
cells
MS
more
susceptible
healthy
volunteers
or
patients.
Therefore,
administering
a
high-fat
meal
lipid-based
formulations
has
potential
be
therapeutic
approach
improve
MS,
indeed
other
autoimmune
disorders.
However,
immunocompromised
requires
caution.