Breeding for high maize yields indirectly boosting root carbon in the US Corn Belt since the 1980s

Field Crops Research, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 323, С. 109774 - 109774

Опубликована: Фев. 3, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Soil microbiome interventions for carbon sequestration and climate mitigation

mSystems, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Дек. 18, 2024

Mitigating climate change in soil ecosystems involves complex plant and microbial processes regulating carbon pools flows. Here, we advocate for the use of microbiome interventions to help increase stocks curb greenhouse gas emissions from managed soils. Direct include introduction strains, consortia, phage, transplants, whereas indirect managing conditions or additives modulate community composition its activities. Approaches using microbially catalyzed increasing inputs plants, promoting organic matter (SOM) formation, reducing SOM turnover production diverse gases. Marginal degraded soils may provide greatest opportunities enhancing global stocks. Among many knowledge gaps this field, crucial influencing transformation plant-derived into identity microbes activities impacting transformation. As a critical step forward, encourage broadening current widespread screening potentially beneficial microorganisms encompass functions relevant stimulating Moreover, developing these interventions, must consider potential ecological ramifications uncertainties, such as incurred by homogenous inoculants need site-specificity given extreme variation among habitats. Incentivization implementation at large spatial scales could effectively harness increases stocks, helping mitigate impacts change.

Язык: Английский

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Impacts of dairy forage management on soil carbon change and net-zero accounting

Journal of Dairy Science, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

The US Dairy Industry has pledged to achieve net zero greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) by 2050, but reliance on corn (Zea mays L.) silage as a primary forage source undermines progress toward this goal. Soils managed for production are significant of carbon (C) the atmosphere, with soil C losses ranging from 3.7 7.0 Mg ha-1 yr-1 (13.5 25.6 CO2 yr-1) reported in literature. However, biogenic loss not typically represented within C-footprints or life cycle inventories. Using an example dairy farm, we demonstrate that including associated under can increase C-footprint milk nearly 2-fold. We suggest approach represents more accurate estimate impact production, and gains GHG efficiency have come, part, at expense where rotations predominated corn. balance systems likely be improved advanced manure management technologies application strategies return manurial while minimizing N P loading. argue extensive changes cropping will also required. Expanding role perennials winter annual crops rotations; breeding forages greater yield, persistence, deeper root systems; additional creative solutions retain plant-derived soils necessary budgets net-zero targets.

Язык: Английский

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Breeding for cold tolerance in common annual legume cover crops

Crop Science, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 65(3)

Опубликована: Апрель 29, 2025

Abstract There has been a significant increase in cover crop adoption, with land use nearly doubling over the last decade. Winter legume crops provide several ecosystem services, such as weed suppression and reducing soil erosion, while serving an excellent nitrogen source for subsequent cash crops. Hairy vetch ( Vicia villosa R.), crimson clover Trifolium incarnatum ), winter pea Pisum sativum L.) are three major annual United States. However, varying survival rates have reduced their reliability compared hardy grasses like cereal rye Secale cereale ). cultivars selected bred pea, which also used food forage crops, but fewer breeding efforts toward cold tolerance made hairy or clover. Despite current efforts, all species can suffer from damage hardiness zone 6 below. Developing requires multifaceted approach, including cultivar selection hybridization, quantitative trait locus isolation, management practice improvement, identification of new sources hardiness. Cold acclimation, deacclimation resistance, reacclimation potential possible mechanisms to explore these be evaluated field controlled environments using visual scoring, chlorophyll fluorescence, ion leakage assays.

Язык: Английский

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Historical and future dynamics of cropland soil organic carbon stocks in an intensive human-impacted area of southeastern China

Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 372, С. 109098 - 109098

Опубликована: Май 31, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Improving the sustainability of arable cropping systems by modifying root traits: A modelling study for winter wheat

European Journal of Soil Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 75(4)

Опубликована: Июль 1, 2024

Abstract Modifying root systems by crop breeding has been attracting increasing attention as a potentially effective strategy to enhance the sustainability of agriculture soil organic matter (SOM) stocks and quality, whilst maintaining or even improving yields. We used new soil‐crop model USSF (Uppsala Soil Structure Function) investigate potential this management using winter wheat crop. combines simple (generic) growth with physics‐based descriptions water flow, uptake transpiration plants. It also includes interactions between structure dynamics turnover that considers effects physical protection microbial priming on decomposition SOM. The was first calibrated against field data contents both above‐ground biomass measured during one growing season in clay Uppsala, Sweden GLUE method identify five ‘acceptable’ parameter sets. created four crops (ideotypes) modifying root‐related parameters mimic phenotypes improved traits. Long‐term (30‐year) simulations conventionally tilled monoculture were then performed evaluate cultivating these ideotypes balance, grain Our results showed deeper are more for increased yields 3% SOM profile ca. 0.4%–0.5% 30‐year perspective (as an average sets). An ideotype which below‐ground allocation dry at expense stem gave larger increases (ca. 1.4%). combining all three modifications (deeper greater production) promising results: compared baseline scenario, surface runoff decreased while predicted increase 7% 2%, is roughly equivalent 20% 4‐per‐mille target ( https://4p1000.org/ ).

Язык: Английский

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Cover crop cultivars and species differ in root traits potentially impacting their selection for ecosystem services

Plant and Soil, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 500(1-2), С. 279 - 296

Опубликована: Дек. 16, 2023

Abstract Background and aims Cover crops have the potential to aid in adapting agricultural systems climate change impacts through their ecosystem services, such as preventing soil erosion, remediating structure, storing carbon belowground. Though roots are integral these processes, there is a lack of cover crop root trait data. This study characterize rooting behavior several commercially available assess how differences system architecture potentially impact selection for services. Methods Twenty-two cultivars across grass, legume, brassica families were grown O’Fallon, Missouri, USA. Canopy was monitored throughout growing season. Shoot biomass samples collected analyzed. Results Cereal rye winter triticale most hardy provided highest percent canopy cover. also generated amount shoot among treatments but diverged architectures. Winter forms coarser exhibited deeper rooting, which may be better suited sequestration. Rapeseed Siberian kale favorable C:N ratios nutrient recycling, rapeseed invest more into lateral formation higher “catch” excess nutrients. Conclusion Selection services should account suitability Differences traits within same family highlight breed further enhance service efficacy.

Язык: Английский

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Root phenotyping and plant breeding of crops for enhanced ecosystem services

Crop Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Авг. 7, 2024

Abstract Diversifying and perennializing cropping systems can increase productivity while supporting ecosystem services such as soil protection, nutrient retention, greenhouse gas mitigation. New crops help achieve these goals, advanced computational tools allow plant breeders to rapidly domesticate new select for many traits that support both profitable production. Intermediate wheatgrass [ Thinopyrum intermedium (Host.) Barkworth. & D.R. Dewey; IWG] is a cool‐season perennial grass undergoing domestication function grain crop. Key aboveground have been improved economically viable yields using genomic selection. However, few studies quantified belowground despite their potential role in conferring services. We present platform minirhizotron cameras machine learning software analyze rhizotron images inclusion selection models. The strength direction of pairwise correlations between were variable with correlation coefficients ( r ) ranging from −0.27 0.99. Grain yield was positively, although weakly, correlated total root length, area, volume = 0.21, 0.19, respectively). Estimates narrow sense heritabilities ranged 0.41 0.76 all 0.46 0.66 traits. Root trait predictions prediction model, measured by correlating model‐predicted values field‐observed values, 0.08 0.23. Aboveground better predicted (0.17 < 0.33). Simply selecting could result populations desirable traits, but our results demonstrate the aid advancing specific important

Язык: Английский

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Deepening Root Inputs: Potential Soil Carbon Accrual From Breeding for Deeper Rooted Maize

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 30(11)

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2024

ABSTRACT Breeding annual crops for enhanced root depth and biomass is considered a promising intervention to accrue soil organic carbon (SOC) in croplands, with benefits climate change mitigation health. In crops, genetic technology (seed) replaced every year as part of farmer's fixed costs, making breeding solutions more scalable affordable than management approaches. However, mechanistic understanding quantitative estimates SOC accrual potentials from phenotypes are lacking. Maize the highest acreage yielding crop US, characterized by relatively low confined topsoil, it suitable candidate improvement that could be rapidly scaled. We ran 2‐year field experiment quantify formation composition (i.e., particulate (POM), coarse fine mineral–associated matter (chaOM MAOM, respectively) new 90 cm decomposition isotopically labeled maize roots exudates. Additionally, we used process‐based MEMS 2 model simulate potential ideotypes either shift production deeper depths or increase allocation, assuming no overall productivity. our experiment, preferentially formed POM, doubled efficiency below 50 cm, while exudates MAOM. Modeling showed shifting inputs layer increasing allocation resulted deterministic SOC, ranging 0.05 0.15 Mg C ha −1 per year, which at end range published hectare adoption variety practices. Our analysis indicates maize, strategy has limited impact on per‐hectare basis, although given globally produced hundreds millions hectares each there this its effect scale. For maize–soy system dominates US acres, changes cropping needed sizable greenhouse gas reductions accrual. This study demonstrated modeling experimental framework forecast created changing inputs.

Язык: Английский

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Commercial maize hybrids have smaller root systems after 80 Years of breeding

Rhizosphere, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 30, С. 100915 - 100915

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2024

Roots have gained attention for their role in improving plant function high-stress environments and providing ecosystem services such as soil organic carbon storage. An important step breeding enhanced root phenotypes is understanding how traits changed historically due to selection yield other aboveground traits. However, among the few era panel studies focused on roots, there are conflicting findings about has altered system length biomass, while depth distribution, size class tissue quality remain largely unexplored. Our aim was assess breeding-driven changes that relevant resource acquisition sequestration. We grew twelve maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids from Corteva/Pioneer ERA panel, spanning 1936 2014, 1.5 m deep mesocosms. At eight-leaf stage, intact systems were imaged analyzed using a custom phenotyping platform, roots shoots subjected nitrogen analysis Diffuse Reflectance FTIR variation composition. found newest produced 40% less biomass 36% than oldest hybrids, with declines of 0.024 g year-1 (s.e.: 0.005, p < 0.01) 0.86 0.23, no maximum rooting depth, which averaged 113 cm (± 5.62). , directional shifts chemical also decline root-to-shoot ratio 0.58 g-1 0.46 0.0006, 0.05). results suggest indirectly decreased over 80 years breeding. Smaller modern may contribute higher optimum populations yields hybrids.

Язык: Английский

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