Positive but variable effects of crop diversification on biodiversity and ecosystem services

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 27(19), С. 4697 - 4710

Опубликована: Июнь 11, 2021

Abstract Ecological theory suggests that biodiversity has a positive and stabilizing effect on the delivery of ecosystem services. Yet, impacts increasing diversity cultivated crop species or varieties in agroecosystems are still under scrutiny. The available empirical evidence is scattered scope, agronomic geographic contexts, services may depend type diversification strategy used. To robustly assess effects agroecosystems, we compiled results 95 meta‐analyses integrating 5156 experiments conducted over 84 experimental years representing more than 54,500 paired observations 120 85 countries. Overall, our synthesis data from across globe shows enhances not only production (median +14%) but also associated (+24%, i.e., non‐cultivated plants animals), several supporting regulating including water quality (+51%), pest disease control (+63%) soil (+11%). However, there was substantial variability for each individual service between different strategies such as agroforestry, intercropping, cover crops, rotation variety mixtures. Agroforestry particularly effective delivering multiple services, is, regulation quality, diseases regulation, biodiversity, long‐term productivity quality. Variety mixtures, instead, provide lowest benefits, whereas other show intermediate results. Our highlight while represents very promising sustainable land management, contributing to enhanced yields, some others key

Язык: Английский

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Can N₂O emissions offset the benefits from soil organic carbon storage?

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 27(2), С. 237 - 256

Опубликована: Сен. 9, 2020

Abstract To respect the Paris agreement targeting a limitation of global warming below 2°C by 2100, and possibly 1.5°C, drastic reductions greenhouse gas emissions are mandatory but not sufficient. Large‐scale deployment other climate mitigation strategies is also necessary. Among these, increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks an important lever because in soils can be stored for long periods land management options to achieve this already exist have been widely tested. However, agricultural source nitrous oxide (N 2 O), powerful gas, SOC may influence N O emissions, likely causing increase many cases, thus tending offset change benefit from increased storage. Here we review main stocks. We evaluate amount that as well resulting changes better estimate benefits these options. Based on quantitative data obtained published meta‐analyses our current level understanding, conclude induced storage generally overestimated if associated considered but, with exception reduced tillage, never fully offset. Some (e.g. biochar or non‐pyrogenic C amendment application) even decrease emissions.

Язык: Английский

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No-till and cropping system diversification improve soil health and crop yield

Geoderma, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 328, С. 30 - 43

Опубликована: Май 16, 2018

Язык: Английский

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Does crop rotation yield more in China? A meta-analysis

Field Crops Research, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 245, С. 107659 - 107659

Опубликована: Окт. 31, 2019

Язык: Английский

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Does diversifying crop rotations suppress weeds? A meta-analysis

PLoS ONE, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 14(7), С. e0219847 - e0219847

Опубликована: Июль 18, 2019

Over the past half-century, crop rotations have become increasingly simplified, with whole regions producing only one or two crops in succession. Simplification is problematic from a weed management perspective, because it results weeds' repeated exposure to same set of ecological and agronomic conditions. This can exacerbate infestations promote evolution herbicide resistance. Diversifying through addition species their associated managements may suppress weeds reduce selection pressure for resistance by altering stress mortality factors affecting dynamics. Here we report meta-analysis using 298 paired observations 54 studies across six continents compare responses due simple more diverse rotations. We found diversifying reduced density (49%), but did not significant effect on biomass. investigated practices, environmental factors, rotation design this effect. Diversification that increased variance around planting dates was effective suppressing than increasing richness alone. Increasing rotational diversity under zero-tillage conditions (65%) tilled (41%), so regardless context auxiliary use. Our findings highlight value control populations, support its efficacy varied scenarios.

Язык: Английский

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Management of cover crops in temperate climates influences soil organic carbon stocks: a meta‐analysis

Ecological Applications, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 31(3)

Опубликована: Дек. 20, 2020

Increasing the quantity and quality of plant biomass production in space time can improve capacity agroecosystems to capture store atmospheric carbon (C) soil. Cover cropping is a key practice increase system net primary productivity (NPP) high-quality residues available for integration into soil organic matter (SOM). crop management local environmental conditions, however, influence magnitude C stock change. Here, we used comprehensive meta-analysis approach quantify effect cover crops on stocks from 0-30 cm depth temperate climates identify ecological factors that impact variation this response. A total 40 publications with 181 observations were included representing six countries across three different continents. Overall, had strong positive (P < 0.0001) leading 12% increase, averaging 1.11 Mg C/ha more relative no control. The strongest predictors SOC response planting termination date (i.e., growing window), annual production, clay content. planted as continuous or autumn terminated led 20-30% greater other windows. Likewise, high (>7 Mg·ha-1 ·yr-1 ) resulted 30% higher than lower levels production. Managing NPP by improving synchronization windows climate will enhance drawdown dioxide (CO2 atmosphere agroecosystems. window (potentially proxy growth), climate, decision-support tools are relevant quantification change under crops, particularly expansion terrestrial markets.

Язык: Английский

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Development pathways toward “zero hunger”

World Development, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 118, С. 1 - 14

Опубликована: Фев. 22, 2019

Язык: Английский

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An evaluation of carbon indicators of soil health in long-term agricultural experiments

Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 172, С. 108708 - 108708

Опубликована: Май 11, 2022

Soil organic carbon (SOC) is closely tied to soil health. However, additional biological indicators may also provide insight about C dynamics and microbial activity. We used SOC the other (potential mineralization, permanganate oxidizable C, water extractable β-glucosidase enzyme activity) from North American Project Evaluate Health Measurements examine continental-scale drivers of these indicators, relationships among effects health practices on indicator values. All had greater values at cooler temperatures, most were with increased precipitation clay content. The strongly correlated each site-level, strongest relationship between C. responded positively decreased tillage, inclusion cover crops, application nutrients, retention crop residue, but not number harvested crops in a rotation. effect tillage was generally sites higher precipitation. magnitude direction response consistent across within site measuring least two would confidence management, especially for tillage. an essential criterion evaluating Balancing cost, sensitivity, interpretability, availability commercial labs, 24-hr potential mineralization assay could deliver benefit measure conjunction SOC.

Язык: Английский

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Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration after Biochar Application: A Global Meta-Analysis

Agronomy, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 11(12), С. 2474 - 2474

Опубликована: Дек. 5, 2021

Biochar application to soil has the potential sequester carbon in long term because of its high stability and large-scale production potential. However, biochar technologies are still relatively new, global factors affecting long-term fate environment poorly understood. To fill this important research gap, a meta-analysis was conducted including 64 studies with 736 individual treatments. Field experiments covered experimental durations between 1 10 years amounts 100 Mg ha−1. They showed mean increase organic (SOC) stocks by 13.0 ha−1 on average, corresponding 29%. Pot incubation ranged 1278 days 5 g kg−1 200 kg−1. raised SOC 6.3 75%. More accumulated >500 pot 6–10 field than shorter durations. Organic fertilizer co-applications significantly further increased SOC. from plant material higher C sequestration fecal matter, due C/N ratio. increases after were medium fine grain textured soils coarse sizes. Our study clearly demonstrated agricultural varying site characteristics.

Язык: Английский

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Global variation in soil carbon sequestration potential through improved cropland management

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 28(3), С. 1162 - 1177

Опубликована: Ноя. 2, 2021

Widespread adoption of improved cropland management measures is advocated to increase soil organic carbon (SOC) levels, thereby improving fertility and mitigating climate change. However, spatially explicit insight on impacts limited, which crucial for region-specific climate-smart practices. To overcome these limitations, we combined global meta-analytical results practices SOC sequestration with data current potential areas the measures. We included (a) fertilization practices, i.e., use fertilizer compared inorganic or no fertilizer, (b) tillage no-tillage relative high intermediate intensity tillage, (c) crop cover crops enhanced residue incorporation. show that estimated C varies between 0.44 0.68 Gt yr-1 , assuming maximum complementarity among all taken. A more realistic estimate, not complementarity, from 0.28 0.43 being lower end range 0.1-2 found in literature. One reason estimate limited availability manure has yet been recycled. Another area measures, considering their application limitations. large regional differences due yield gaps, applied. The highest regions low production, initial where livestock residues are only partially Supporting previous findings, highlight encourage both sequestration, it best focus agricultural soils gaps and/or values below levels may limit production.

Язык: Английский

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