Considerations for maximizing the adaptive potential of restored coral populations in the western Atlantic

Ecological Applications, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 29(8)

Опубликована: Июль 23, 2019

Active coral restoration typically involves two interventions: crossing gametes to facilitate sexual larval propagation; and fragmenting, growing, outplanting adult colonies enhance asexual propagation. From an evolutionary perspective, the goal of these efforts is establish self-sustaining, sexually reproducing populations that have sufficient genetic phenotypic variation adapt changing environments. Here, we provide concrete guidelines help practitioners meet this for most Caribbean species interest. To enable persistence exposed severe selection pressure from many stressors, a mixed provenance strategy suggested: genetically unique (genets) should be sourced both locally as well more distant, environmentally distinct sites. Sourcing three four genets per reef along environmental gradients capture majority intraspecies diversity. It best propagate with one or traits are predicted valuable in future, such low partial mortality, high wound healing rate, skeletal growth bleaching resilience, infectious disease reproductive output. Some effort also reserved underperforming because grow poorly nurseries sometimes thrive once returned may harbor variants yet unrecognized value. Outplants clustered groups six successful fertilization upon maturation. Current evidence indicates translocating among distant reefs unlikely problematic population perspective but will likely substantial adaptive benefits. Similarly, inbreeding depression not concern given current practices only raise first-generation offspring. Thus, proceeding proposed management strategies even absence detailed analysis focal at sites targeted course action. These basic maximize potential reef-building corals facing rapidly environment.

Язык: Английский

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Extending the natural adaptive capacity of coral holobionts

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 2(11), С. 747 - 762

Опубликована: Окт. 12, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Coral bleaching patterns are the outcome of complex biological and environmental networking

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 26(1), С. 68 - 79

Опубликована: Окт. 16, 2019

Abstract Continued declines in coral reef health over the past three decades have been punctuated by severe mass bleaching‐induced mortality events that grown intensity and frequency under climate change. Intensive global research efforts therefore persistently focused on bleaching phenomena to understand where corals bleach, when why—resulting a large—yet still somewhat patchy—knowledge base. Particularly catastrophic 5 years catalyzed calls for more diverse set of management tools, extending far beyond mitigation protection, also include aggressive interventions. However, effectiveness these various tools now rests rapidly assimilating our knowledge base into integrated frameworks. Here, we consider how intensive has established basis complex biological environmental networks, which together regulate outcomes severity. We discuss enough scaffold conceptual frameworks underpinning susceptibility, but new are urgently required translate this an operational system informing—and testing—bleaching outcomes. Specifically, adopting network models can fully describe predict metabolic functioning holobionts, is regulated doses interactions among factors. Identifying gaps limiting operation such logical step immediately guide prioritize future experiments observations. at time‐critical point implement capacity resolve patterns emerge from biological–environmental so effectively inform evolving ecological social adaptation aimed securing reefs.

Язык: Английский

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Thirty years of coral heat-stress experiments: a review of methods

Coral Reefs, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 39(4), С. 885 - 902

Опубликована: Апрель 24, 2020

Abstract For over three decades, scientists have conducted heat-stress experiments to predict how coral will respond ocean warming due global climate change. However, there are often conflicting results in the literature that difficult resolve, which we hypothesize a result of unintended biases, variation experimental design, and underreporting critical methodological information. Here, reviewed 255 (1) document where when they were on species, (2) assess variability (3) quantify diversity response variables measured. First, found two-thirds studies only countries, species more heavily studied than others, 4% focused earlier life stages. Second, slightly half all exposures less 8 d duration, 17% fed corals, conditions varied widely, including level rate temperature increase, light intensity, number genets used, length acclimation period. In addition, 95%, 55%, > 35% did not report tank flow conditions, light–dark cycle or date experiment, respectively. Finally, 21% measure any bleaching phenotype traits, 77% identify Symbiodiniaceae endosymbiont, contribution host physiological was investigated. This review highlights geographic, taxonomic, duration biases our understanding bleaching, large reporting design could account for some discrepancies literature. Development best practice recommendations improve cross-studies comparisons increase efficiency research at time it is needed most.

Язык: Английский

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Genetic diversity goals and targets have improved, but remain insufficient for clear implementation of the post-2020 global biodiversity framework

Conservation Genetics, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(2), С. 181 - 191

Опубликована: Янв. 16, 2023

Genetic diversity among and within populations of all species is necessary for people nature to survive thrive in a changing world. Over the past three years, commitments conserving genetic have become more ambitious specific under Convention on Biological Diversity's (CBD) draft post-2020 global biodiversity framework (GBF). This Perspective article comments how goals targets GBF evolved, improvements that are still needed, lessons learned from this process, connections between actions reporting will be needed maintain, protect, manage monitor diversity. It possible strives maintain species, restore connectivity, develop national conservation strategies, report these using proposed, feasible indicators.

Язык: Английский

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Principles for coral reef restoration in the anthropocene

One Earth, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 6(6), С. 656 - 665

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Applying coral breeding to reef restoration: best practices, knowledge gaps, and priority actions in a rapidly evolving field

Restoration Ecology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 31(7)

Опубликована: Апрель 3, 2023

Reversing coral reef decline requires reducing environmental threats while actively restoring ecological structure and function. A promising restoration approach uses breeding to boost natural recruitment repopulate reefs with genetically diverse communities. Recent advances in predicting spawning, capturing spawn, culturing larvae, rearing settlers have enabled the successful propagation, settlement, outplanting of offspring all world's major regions. Nevertheless, efforts frequently yield low survival, reflecting type III survivorship curve corals poor condition most targeted for restoration. Furthermore, programs are still limited spatial scale species diversity. Here, we highlight four priority areas research cooperative innovation increase effectiveness restoration: (1) expanding number sites species, (2) improving broodstock selection maximize genetic diversity adaptive capacity restored populations, (3) enhancing culture conditions improve health before after outplanting, (4) scaling up infrastructure technologies large‐scale Prioritizing these will enable practitioners address at relevant scales, re‐establish self‐sustaining ensure long‐term success interventions. Overall, aim guide community toward actions opportunities that can rapid technical larval breeding, foster interdisciplinary collaborations, ultimately achieve reefs.

Язык: Английский

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Triggers, cascades, and endpoints: connecting the dots of coral bleaching mechanisms

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 99(3), С. 715 - 752

Опубликована: Янв. 12, 2024

ABSTRACT The intracellular coral–dinoflagellate symbiosis is the engine that underpins success of coral reefs, one most diverse ecosystems on planet. However, breakdown and loss microalgal symbiont (i.e. bleaching) due to environmental changes are resulting in rapid degradation reefs globally. There an urgent need understand cellular physiology bleaching at mechanistic level help develop solutions mitigate reef crisis. Here, unprecedented scope, we present novel models integrate putative mechanisms within a common framework according triggers (initiators bleaching, e.g. heat, cold, light stress, hypoxia, hyposalinity), cascades (cellular pathways, photoinhibition, unfolded protein response, nitric oxide), endpoints (mechanisms loss, apoptosis, necrosis, exocytosis/vomocytosis). supported by direct evidence from cnidarian systems, indirectly through comparative evolutionary analyses non‐cnidarian systems. With this approach, new have been established between initiated different triggers. In particular, provide insights into poorly understood connections highlight role mechanism i.e. ‘symbiolysosomal digestion’, which symbiophagy. This review also increases approachability for specialists non‐specialists mapping vast landscape atlas comprehensible detailed models. We then discuss major knowledge gaps how future research may improve understanding cascade pathways (endpoints).

Язык: Английский

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Integrating cryptic diversity into coral evolution, symbiosis and conservation

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 8(4), С. 622 - 636

Опубликована: Фев. 13, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Increasing comparability among coral bleaching experiments

Ecological Applications, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 31(4)

Опубликована: Ноя. 22, 2020

Abstract Coral bleaching is the single largest global threat to coral reefs worldwide. Integrating diverse body of work on critical understanding and combating this problem. Yet investigating drivers, patterns, processes poses a major challenge. A recent review published experiments revealed wide range experimental variables used across studies. Such approaches enhances discovery, but without full transparency in analytical methods used, can also make comparisons among studies challenging. To increase comparability not stifle innovation, we propose common framework for that includes consideration provenance, conditions, husbandry. For example, reporting number genets collection site temperature offset(s) from maximum monthly mean (MMM) site, light flow, feeding regime will greatly facilitate Similarly, quantifying response endosymbiont (Symbiodiniaceae) holobiont phenotypes (i.e., color, chlorophyll, cell density, mortality, skeletal growth) could further cross‐study comparisons. While no experiment provide data necessary determine responses all corals current future ocean warming, linking through as outlined here, would help experiments, synthetic insights into causes underlying mechanisms bleaching, reveal unique genets, species, regions. collaborative fosters strengthen inform reef management conservation strategies mitigate

Язык: Английский

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