A review of wildfire impacts on stream temperature and turbidity across scales DOI
Junjie Chen, Heejun Chang

Progress in Physical Geography Earth and Environment, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 47(3), С. 369 - 394

Опубликована: Авг. 22, 2022

Wildfire has increased in severity and frequency with climate change human activities recent years, threatening water-related ecosystem services. Forested watersheds are at risk of impacts wildfires that alter land cover, hydrological processes, influence drinking water quality aquatic habitat. To date, most research on post-fire hydrologic effects focused quantity, while stream temperature turbidity received less attention. In this study, we reviewed 62 articles to examine wildfire drivers processes associated behavior through a geographic lens the context Our goals were (1) evaluate changes temperature; (2) mechanisms responsible for spatial temporal variabilities changes; (3) address scale-dependent knowledge gaps recommend future directions. Positive correlations between following heavily influenced by fire severity, forest diversity, landscape alterations such as salvage logging. Stream increases result from loss riparian canopy cover decreased shading, but they highly site-specific dependent topographic variations. We attribute our findings variability heavy disparity across scales when assessing direction magnitude impacts. Future should incorporate more long-term rigorous monitoring efforts spatiotemporally explicit models better represent complex system influences quality.

Язык: Английский

Beaver: Nature's ecosystem engineers DOI Creative Commons

Richard E. Brazier,

Alan Puttock, Hugh A. Graham

и другие.

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Water, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 8(1)

Опубликована: Ноя. 27, 2020

Abstract Beavers have the ability to modify ecosystems profoundly meet their ecological needs, with significant associated hydrological, geomorphological, ecological, and societal impacts. To bring together understanding of role that beavers may play in management water resources, freshwater, terrestrial ecosystems, this article reviews state‐of‐the‐art scientific beaver as quintessential ecosystem engineer. This review has a European focus but examines key research considering both Castor fiber —the Eurasian canadensis —its North American counterpart. In recent decades species reintroductions across Europe, concurrent natural expansion refugia populations led return C. much its range estimating population Europe numbers over 1.5 million individuals. As such, there is an increasing need for impacts intensively populated managed, contemporary landscapes. summarizes how impact: (a) structure geomorphology, (b) hydrology (c) quality, (d) freshwater ecology, (e) humans society. It concludes by examining future considerations be resolved further expand northern hemisphere emphasis upon services they can provide will necessary maximize benefits minimize conflicts. categorized under: Water Life > Nature Freshwater Ecosystems

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

178

Dam builders and their works: Beaver influences on the structure and function of river corridor hydrology, geomorphology, biogeochemistry and ecosystems DOI Creative Commons
Annegret Larsen, Joshua Larsen, Stuart N. Lane

и другие.

Earth-Science Reviews, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 218, С. 103623 - 103623

Опубликована: Май 5, 2021

Beavers (Castor fiber, Castor canadensis) are one of the most influential mammalian ecosystem engineers, heavily modifying river corridor hydrology, geomorphology, nutrient cycling, and ecosystems. As an agent disturbance, they achieve this first foremost through dam construction, which impounds flow increases extent open water, from all other landscape impacts follow. After a long period local regional eradication, beaver populations have been recovering expanding throughout Europe North America, as well introduced species in South prompting need to comprehensively review current state knowledge on how beavers influence structure function corridors. Here, we synthesize overall biogeochemistry, aquatic terrestrial Our key findings that complex dams can increase surface subsurface water storage, modify reach scale partitioning budgets, allow site specific flood attenuation, alter low evaporation, residence times, geomorphic heterogeneity, delay sediment transport, carbon, expand anaerobic conditions interfaces, downstream export dissolved organic carbon ammonium, decrease nitrate, lotic lentic habitat transitions primary production, induce 'reverse' succession riparian vegetation assemblages, complexity biodiversity scales. We then examine feedbacks overlaps between these changes caused by beavers, where longitudinal hydrologic connectivity create ponds wetlands, ecosystems, vertical hydraulic exchange gradients, biogeochemical cycling per unit stream length, while increased lateral will determine area wetland littoral zone habitats, assemblages. However, depends firstly hydro-geomorphic context, determines floodplain inundation, driver subsequent hydrologic, geomorphic, biogeochemical, dynamics. Secondly, it length time sustain disturbance at given site, is constrained top down (e.g. predation) bottom up competition) feedbacks, ultimately pathways following abandonment. This outsized processes also fundamentally distinct what occurs their absence. Current management restoration practices therefore re-examination order account for both positive negative, such potentially accommodate enhance engineering services provide. It hoped our synthesis holistic framework evaluating be used endeavor scientists managers into future continue numbers range.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

133

Scientists' warning on extreme wildfire risks to water supply DOI Creative Commons
François‐Nicolas Robinne, Dennis W. Hallema, Kevin D. Bladon

и другие.

Hydrological Processes, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 35(5)

Опубликована: Фев. 14, 2021

Abstract 2020 is the year of wildfire records. California experienced its three largest fires early in fire season. The Pantanal, wetland on planet, burned over 20% surface. More than 18 million hectares forest and bushland during 2019–2020 season Australia, killing 33 people, destroying nearly 2500 homes, endangering many endemic species. direct cost damages being counted dozens billion dollars, but indirect costs water‐related ecosystem services benefits could be equally expensive, with impacts lasting for decades. In extreme precipitation (“200 mm day −1 several location”) that interrupted catastrophic triggered a series watershed effects from headwaters to areas downstream. increased runoff erosion disrupted water supplies locations. These post‐fire hazards via source contamination, flash floods, mudslides can represent substantial, systemic long‐term risks drinking production, aquatic life, socio‐economic activity. Scenarios similar recent event Australia are now predicted unfold Western USA. This new reality societies will have live as uncharted activity, crises, widespread human footprint collide all‐around world. Therefore, we advocate more proactive approach wildfire‐watershed risk governance an effort advance protect security. We also argue there no easy solution reducing this investments both green (i.e., natural) grey built) infrastructure necessary. Further, propose strategies combine modern data analytics existing tools use by land managers worldwide leverage decades worth knowledge hydrology.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

95

An Integrative Conceptualization of Floodplain Storage DOI
Ellen Wohl

Reviews of Geophysics, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 59(2)

Опубликована: Март 10, 2021

Abstract Floodplains perform diverse functions, including attenuation of fluxes water, solutes, and particulate material. Critical details floodplain storage magnitude, duration, spatial distribution are strongly influenced by biogeochemical processes biotic communities. Floodplain materials can be conceptualized in the form a budget that quantifies inputs, outputs, within control volume. The volume is here defined as bounded on inner edges banks active channel(s), outer limit periodic flooding deposition fluvially transported sediment, underside extent hyporheic exchange flows aquifer, upper side elevation living vegetation. Fluxes also change location, characteristics, residence time material storage. Fluxes, time, quantities stored floodplains measured directly; inferred from types remotely sensed data; or quantitatively estimated using numerical models. Human activities modify by: hydrologically and/or geomorphically disconnecting channels floodplains; altering water sediment to river corridor; obliterating through alluvial mining urbanization. restoration focus enlarging functional floodplain, reconnecting channel restoring natural regimes large wood, enhancing heterogeneity floodplain. Each increase resilience disturbances.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

88

Levees don't protect, they disconnect: A critical review of how artificial levees impact floodplain functions DOI
Richard L. Knox, Ellen Wohl, Ryan R. Morrison

и другие.

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 837, С. 155773 - 155773

Опубликована: Май 7, 2022

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

72

Rediscovering, Reevaluating, and Restoring Lost River-Wetland Corridors DOI Creative Commons
Ellen Wohl, Janine M. Castro, Brian Cluer

и другие.

Frontiers in Earth Science, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 9

Опубликована: Июнь 30, 2021

River-wetland corridors form where a high degree of connectivity between the surface (rheic) and subsurface (hyporheic) components streamflow creates an interconnected system channels, wetlands, ponds, lakes. occur valley floor is sufficiently wide to accommodate laterally unconfined river planform that may feature morphologically complex, multi-threaded channels with vegetated bars, islands, floodplains. can develop anywhere there expansion along drainage network, from headwaters estuaries or deltas, they are found across all latitudes within biomes hydroclimates. be longitudinally continuous but commonly interspersed single-thread reaches in narrower portions valley. The development persistence river-wetland driven by combinations geologic, biotic, geomorphic processes create environment diverse, heterogeneous, patchy, dynamically stable, which patterns flow, sediment features, habitats shift continually. Hence, we describe these polydimensional as “kaleidoscope rivers.” Historically, were pervasive wide, alluvial reaches, their presence has been so diminished worldwide (due diverse range anthropogenic activities impacts) general public even most managers unaware former pervasiveness. Here, define type; review paleoenvironmental historical records establish past ubiquity; responsible for formation persistence; provide examples corridor remnants still survive. We close highlighting significance functions supported corridors, consequences diminution neglect this type, implications restoration.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

69

Riverscapes as natural infrastructure: Meeting challenges of climate adaptation and ecosystem restoration DOI Creative Commons
Peter Skidmore, Joseph M. Wheaton

Anthropocene, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 38, С. 100334 - 100334

Опубликована: Апрель 13, 2022

Rivers have been diminished, simplified, and degraded globally by the concentration of agriculture, transportation, development in valley bottoms over decades centuries, substantially limiting their ecological health value. More recently, climate change is steadily increasing stress on aging traditional, gray infrastructure. Recent trends river management present an opportunity to address both degradation stress. A strategic focus riverscapes as critical natural infrastructure can serve ecosystem-based adaptation improve resilience restore ecosystem health. As ages fails under stress, there rebuild with improved understanding value services that healthy provide. River bottoms, including source-water wetlands riverscape floodplains, are areas deserving protection restoration build increased frequency severity fires, floods droughts associated change. Since need space water, long-standing restoring flow regimes makes sense. Equally crucial give rivers freedom exercise (i.e., flood adjust channels).

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

51

Resilience in the built environment: Key characteristics for solutions to multiple crises DOI Creative Commons
Raúl Castaño-Rosa, Sofie Pelsmakers, Heini Järventausta

и другие.

Sustainable Cities and Society, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 87, С. 104259 - 104259

Опубликована: Окт. 17, 2022

In the last decade, our built environment has been exposed to a significant and wide range of crises, from primary (e.g., pandemic, climate change-induced hazards) secondary such as their associated physical mental health impacts. However, previous literature mainly focused on impacts single type crisis in solutions for individual Hence, face multiple crises that we are facing now, understanding possible characteristics is crucial achieve more resilient environment. This paper aims gain better about how different impact which have proven effective, particularly response crises. First, systematic review presented, identifying main solutions. Secondly, through qualitative data analysis, interconnections between identified were established. Findings highlight provide resilience environment, (1) green healthy infrastructures; (2) adaptable (3) equitable inclusive infrastructures. Finally, key design discussed an evaluation framework proposed.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

50

Natural infrastructure in dryland streams (NIDS) can establish regenerative wetland sinks that reverse desertification and strengthen climate resilience DOI Creative Commons
Laura M. Norman,

Rattan Lal,

Ellen Wohl

и другие.

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 849, С. 157738 - 157738

Опубликована: Авг. 4, 2022

In this article we describe the natural hydrogeomorphological and biogeochemical cycles of dryland fluvial ecosystems that make them unique, yet vulnerable to land use activities climate change. We introduce Natural Infrastructure in Dryland Streams (NIDS), which are structures naturally or anthropogenically created from earth, wood, debris, rock can restore implicit function these systems. This manuscript further discusses capability functional similarities between beaver dams anthropogenic NIDS, documented by decades scientific study. addition, present novel, evidence-based finding NIDS create wetlands water-scarce riparian zones, with soil organic carbon stock as much 200 1400 Mg C/ha top meter soil. identify key restorative action is slow drainage water landscape such more it infiltrate be used facilitate physical, chemical, biological processes environments. Specifically, assert rapid environments reversed through restoration infrastructure once existed. then explore how feedback loops provide examples have been loops, lessons learned installation streams southwestern United States, efforts might scaled up, what implications for mitigating change effects. Our synthesis portrays using support adaptation protection climate-related disturbances stressors drought, shortages, flooding, heatwaves, dust storms, wildfire, biodiversity losses, food insecurity.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

48

Disturbances in North American boreal forest and Arctic tundra: impacts, interactions, and responses DOI Creative Commons
Adrianna Foster, Jonathan Wang, Gerald V. Frost

и другие.

Environmental Research Letters, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 17(11), С. 113001 - 113001

Опубликована: Окт. 10, 2022

Abstract Ecosystems in the North American Arctic-Boreal Zone (ABZ) experience a diverse set of disturbances associated with wildfire, permafrost dynamics, geomorphic processes, insect outbreaks and pathogens, extreme weather events, human activity. Climate warming ABZ is occurring at over twice rate global average, as result extent, frequency, severity these are increasing rapidly. Disturbances span wide gradient spatiotemporal scales have varying impacts on ecosystem properties function. However, many relatively understudied different sensitivities to climate trajectories recovery, resulting considerable uncertainty land use vegetation dynamics interactions between disturbance types. Here we review current knowledge their precursors, impacts, temporal frequencies, spatial extents, severity. We also summarize feedbacks among characterize typical loss recovery response using satellite time-series. conclude summary critical data gaps identify priorities for future study.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

47