Cues to individuality in Greylag Goose faces: algorithmic discrimination and behavioral field tests

Journal of Ornithology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 165(1), С. 27 - 37

Опубликована: Сен. 27, 2023

Abstract Cues to individuality, and the corresponding capacity for individual-level discrimination, can allow individually specific investment by conspecifics into offspring, partners, neighbors or competitors. Here we investigated possible cues individuality via faces in an ancient avian lineage, Greylag Goose ( Anser anser ). Konrad Lorenz could famously name each ‘his’ flock from a photograph. Confirming this anecdotal observation, developed facial recognition software that reliably (~ 97% accuracy) assign goose face ID within database, using bill morphology normalized during photo preparation. To explore conspecific detection of cues, erected life-size photos geese measured subjects’ responses themselves (unfamiliar goose), their partner, another mate. Geese displayed significantly greater affiliative response providing evidence use two-dimensional images as determine social category (partner/non-partner) and/or recognition. Our methods provide novel approaches automatically detect monitor test cognition. approach may also create new opportunities species monitoring more generally photographic citizen-science engagement.

Язык: Английский

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The IBdata Web System for Biological Collections: Design Focused on Usability

Biodiversity Informatics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 18

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2024

The software design process must put users at the core of to enable them meet their specific objectives effectively, efficiently, and successfully. Thus, a for computing system consult biological collections guided by concept usability will result in an effective efficient biodiversity informatics tool. Here, we introduce IBdata, web collections, developed using approach based on architecture three layers: database, business rules, user interface. interface was focused four concepts: simplicity, adaptability, guide through journey, feedback. IBdata that is composed modules (query, capture editing, administration), permitting it query database with about 1.7 million specimen records. Biodiversity data systems be should user’s expectations. Software methodologies play central role achieving these goals, and, this context, techniques development are valuable, as system.

Язык: Английский

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Life‐history connections to long‐term fish population trends in a species‐rich temperate river

Ecology Of Freshwater Fish, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 33(2)

Опубликована: Фев. 6, 2024

Abstract Fishes exhibit a diverse range of traits encompassing life‐history strategies, feeding behaviours and spawning behaviours. These mediate fish population responses to changing environmental conditions such as those caused by anthropogenic stressors. The Conasauga River, located in northwestern Georgia southeastern Tennessee, USA, hosts assemblage over 75 species freshwater fish, some which are locally or regionally endemic, many imperilled. Annual monitoring data have shown declines multiple conservation concern the River since at least 1990s, raising possibility that other taxa could be declining well. We quantified temporal changes communities six shoal sites sampled annually most years from 1996 2022, asked whether hypothesized underlie vulnerability alteration were correlated with species‐specific trends for 32 taxa. estimated total counts annual samples declined ~2% per year, although uneven among generally greater less abundant Tests corresponding provided evidence crevice‐spawning minnows smaller‐bodied had steeper compared broadcast spawners larger, longer‐lived, more fecund Lower abundance, reliance on particular habitat feature, may limit resilience disturbance all prove useful identifying riverine fishes risk future decline.

Язык: Английский

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Diversity and ethnobotany of useful plants in Bandar Pusaka, Aceh Tamiang District, Indonesia

Ethnobotany Research and Applications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 28

Опубликована: Март 14, 2024

Background: Plants, both wild and cultivated, contribute significantly to global food security have a considerable impact on human health well-being by delivering various ecosystem services. However, modernization urbanization keep altering lifestyles, resulting in an erosion of traditional knowledge concerning the use plants for purposes. This study aimed investigate diversity useful plant species their utilization local people Bandar Pusaka, Aceh Tamiang District, Indonesia. Methods: The ethnobotanical was carried out ten villages, Pusaka subdistrict, i.e. Pengidam, Bengkelang, Batu Bedulang, Babo, Perupuk, Serba, Pantai Cempa, Rantau Bintang, Aras Sembilan, Blang Kandis villages. survey from July August 2023 included 306 randomly selected informants. investigation uses semi-structured questionnaires gather information plants. Plant specimens were collected identified Universitas Samudra. Results: A total 2,088 individual representing 276 81 families recorded areas. In terms frequency citation, 121 taxa cited 75% or more interviewed people, 9 very rarely cited. Musa x paradisiaca L., Mangifera indica Cocos nucifera Durio zibethinus Garcinia mangostana Curcuma longa Kaempferia galanga Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Annona muricata Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. are most area. 14 categories delivered commonly medicine (111 species), ornament (100), (96), fodder (30), ritual (14), beverages (13), building materials (11), fuelwood (9), agricultural tools, fencing, herbicide (6 each), handicraft (4), shade (2). Indigenous associated with age groups, educational levels. Conclusions: sub-district has diverse range plants, but only small proportion been used particularly Promotion domestication should be primary concern take advantage nutritional value potential economic value. Moreover, enhancing peoples' abilities expertise recognizing, gathering, preparing is critical, since, addition promoting household income, it may sustaining biodiversity knowledge. Keywords: Biodiversity; services; indigenous knowledge; Abstrak Latar Belakang: Tumbuhan, baik liar maupun budidaya, memberikan kontribusi signifikan terhadap ketahanan pangan dan mempunyai dampak besar kesehatan kesejahteraan manusia melalui penyediaan berbagai jasa ekosistem. Meskipun demikian, modernisasi urbanisasi telah mengubah gaya hidup yang mengakibatkan terkikisnya pengetahuan tradisional terkait pemanfaatan tumbuhan untuk keperluan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui keanekaragaman jenis berguna pemanfaatannya oleh masyarakat lokal di Kabupaten Tamiang, Metode: Kajian etnobotani dilakukan pada sepuluh desa kecamatan Banar meliputi Desa Kandis. Survei Juli hingga Agustus melibatkan responden dipilih secara acak. Investigasi menggunakan kuesioner semi-terstruktur mengumpulkan informasi tentang berguna. Spesimen dikumpulkan diidentifikasi Hasil: Sebanyak 2.088 individu mewakili suku telad ditemukan lokasi penelitian. Berkaitan dengan frekuensi kutipan, taksa dikutip atau lebih dari orang diwawancarai, sangat jarang dikutip. (L .) merupakan paling banyak studi. kategori kegunaan diiidentifikasi obat spesies), diikuti tanaman hias makanan pakan ternak minuman bahan bangunan kayu bakar alat pertanian, pagar, herbisida (masing-masing 6), kerajinan tangan peneduh Pengetahuan mengenai bermanfaat berhubungan desa, kelompok umur, tingkat pendidikan. Kesimpulan: Kecamatan memiliki beragam bermanfaat, namun hanya sebagian kecil dimanfaatkan setempat, khususnya liar. Promosi domestikasi harus menjadi perhatian utama agar dapat memanfaatkan nilai gizi potensi ekonominya. Selain itu, meningkatkan kemampuan keterampilan dalam mengenali, mengumpulkan, menyiapkan sangatlah penting, karena selain pendapatan rumah tangga, aktivitas juga berkontribusi pelestarian hayati tradisional. Kata kunci: Biodiversitas; lingkungan; asli;

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Behavioural changes in the city: The common black garden ant defends aphids more aggressively in urban environments

Ecology and Evolution, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(7)

Опубликована: Июль 1, 2024

Abstract Urbanisation alters biodiversity patterns and threatens to disrupt mutualistic interactions. Aside from pollination, however, little is known about how mutualisms change in cities. Our study aimed assess urbanisation affects the protective mutualism between ants aphids, investigating potential behavioural changes their implications for aphids urban environments. To do so, we studied pink tansy aphid ( Metopeurum fuscoviride ) black garden ant Lasius niger along an gradient Berlin, Germany. In nine locations this gradient, measured colony dynamics proxies parasitism, quantified investment of tending conducted assays test aggressiveness responses a simulated attack on aphids. We found that colonies flourished were equally tended by across with consistent positive density dependence numbers. However, more urbanised sites responded aggressively attack. findings suggest not only maintained city, but might even rely it defend aggressively, as other food resources may become scarce unpredictable urbanisation. thereby provide unique insights into type further diversifying growing body work gradients.

Язык: Английский

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Ecosystem services and human well-being

Elsevier eBooks, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Shade coffee plantations favor specialization, decrease robustness and increase foraging in hummingbird-plant networks

Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 22(1), С. 24 - 34

Опубликована: Ноя. 14, 2023

Agroforestry systems, such as shade coffee plantations, favor the maintenance of woody vegetation, which promotes presence pollinators hummingbirds. Many plantations in Mesoamerica have been abandoned due to fall prices and undergone succession processes that increase vegetation complexity. Alternatively, they replaced by cattle pastures, negatively affect hummingbird-plant interactions. Here, we describe structure interaction networks three types land use―late-successional forests, pastures―that were derived from a cloud forest southern Mexico. For one year (2019–2020), collected bimonthly quantitative data on interactions for each type use. We found network use had heterogeneous structure, most species few linkages. The late forests more species, pairs interactions, modularity than pastures. pasture greatest robustness generalist hummingbirds, are important cohesion great disturbance scenario. Furthermore, hummingbird visits influenced plant traits, foliage height diversity. study findings suggest conversion natural habitats implications conservation plant-pollinator pollinator key resiliency.

Язык: Английский

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Unveiling the Genetic Diversity of Declining Population of the Harvest Mouse Micromys minutus in Italy

Diversity, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 14(8), С. 627 - 627

Опубликована: Авг. 6, 2022

The Italian peninsula represented one of the main glacial refugia during climatic oscillations Pleistocene, currently being a biodiversity hotspot. In this work, we analysed for first time genetic diversity harvest mouse populations in Italy, and compared them with those rest Eurasia. Mitochondrial cytochrome-b gene was amplified from 12 samples throughout range. We recorded very low diversity, line comparative phylogenetic tree, Northern Italy clustered together as sister group Europe, whereas Central Europe samples. Harvest mice have recently conquered Southern i.e., possibly at start Holocene. global homogeneity might be due to accidental human-mediated introductions or sharp decline habitat mouse, which may turn caused severe bottlenecks small rodent.

Язык: Английский

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Contribuições à História Geoecológica e Biogeográfica da Amazônia Brasileira durante o Antropoceno

Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 17(3), С. 1875 - 1893

Опубликована: Май 7, 2024

As discussões sobre a definição do Antropoceno, embora recentes e ainda não consensuais, já proporcionam um melhor entendimento de como o homem causa ou potencializa rupturas dos sistemas naturais assim configuram novas dinâmicas geográficas e, sobretudo, ecológicas. Em diversas escalas atuação, tem materializado suas tentativas domesticação das paisagens da natureza, que levado uma descaracterização grandes biomas holocênicos, é caso Amazônia Brasileira. Essa concepção guiou conceituais acerca articulações ecológicas no contexto dessa grande área em sua transmutação para conjunto antromas. Através procedimentos cartográficos próprios, com auxílio técnicas geoprocessamento acesso bibliografia especializada, foi possível estabelecer panorama evolutivo geoecológico biogeográfico anos 1700 ao início 2000 Brasileira, demonstrando os seus graus antropização. O estudo conclui as visões geoecológica biogeográfica pautadas na bioma devem ser plenamente consideradas Brasileira tange às políticas conservação nela desenvolvidas. Isso porque estratégias geopolíticas curso apontam maior impressão marcas humanas território, força aos tomadores decisão buscar alternativas manter conectar remanescentes.

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Whole‐Genome Analyses Reveal the Distinct Taxonomic Status of the Hainan Population of Endangered Rucervus eldii and Its Conservation Implications

Evolutionary Applications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 17(9)

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2024

ABSTRACT Eld's deer Rucervus eldii (McClelland, 1842) is an ungulate that lives in tropical lowland forests several countries of Indochina and Hainan Island China. Its remaining population small scattered, the species listed as Endangered on IUCN Red List. The debate over taxonomic status has persisted for a century—as island‐endemic subspecies R. e. hainanus , or insular siamensis would have significant conservation implications. And, given had experienced both bottleneck multiple translocations past, genomics be powerful tool to evaluate genetic impacts these events. In this study, we used assessment study differentiation diversity Cambodia three subpopulations Island. Based unique profile demographic analysis, corroborated previous studies using markers warrants distinct subspecies. exhibits reduction increase level inbreeding when compared Cambodia. signs purifying selection were found against homozygous loss‐of‐function mutations decrease deleterious burden population. However, there was accumulation more missense mutations. Furthermore, differences among indicated isolation suboptimal translocation strategies, which calls urgent, coordinated, science‐based management ensure long‐term viability endemic . This provides guidance deer.

Язык: Английский

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