Factors influencing mammalian community occupancy in Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve, Nepal

Ecology and Evolution, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(4)

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2023

The decline in mammalian species diversity is increasing worldwide, with areas characterized by high human activities experiencing more prominent effects. Knowledge of spatial distributions and factors acting on them necessary for effective management. We evaluated community-level occupancy mammal Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve (DHR), Nepal using remote cameras during 15 March-15 June 2022. used detections from multispecies hierarchical modeling to assess the effects environmental anthropogenic variables detected species. identified a highly heterogeneous community at DHR greatest detection probability (0.21) red fox (Vulpes vulpes) lowest (0.08) blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur). Naïve ranged 0.31 giant-flying squirrel (Petaurista magnificus) 0.84 fox. Mammal increased canopy cover number livestock detections, but overall declined close settlements. findings this study can be developing policy management through reducing potential increase settlements or grazing.

Язык: Английский

---

Effects of free‐ranging livestock on occurrence and interspecific interactions of a mammalian community

Ecological Applications, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 32(7)

Опубликована: Апрель 26, 2022

Abstract Mammalian communities inhabiting temperate grasslands are of conservation concern globally, especially in Central Asia, where livestock numbers have dramatically increased recent decades, leading to overgrazing and land‐use change. Yet, how this pervasive presence herds affects the community wild mammals remains largely unstudied. We used systematic camera trapping at 216 sites across remote, mountainous areas Mongolian Altai Mountains assess spatial temporal patterns occurrence interspecific relationships within a mammalian that includes different categories livestock. By adopting recently proposed multispecies occupancy model incorporates correlation occupancy, we found several statistically strong correlations among species pairs, with majority involving The sign such associations was markedly species‐dependent, larger concern, namely, snow leopard Siberian ibex, avoiding presence. As predicted, evidence positive between predators their respective main prey. Contrary our expectations, number intraguild pairs also showed co‐occurrence, no spatiotemporal niche partitioning. Overall, study suggests encroaching into protected influences whole local mammals. Though pastoralism has coexisted wildlife for millennia central Asian grasslands, findings suggest policies practices decrease pressure husbandry on needed, special attention large species, as its prey, which seem be particularly sensitive

Язык: Английский

---

What is a snow leopard? Behavior and ecology

Elsevier eBooks, Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown, С. 15 - 29

Опубликована: Окт. 20, 2023

Язык: Английский

---

Same place, different time, head up: Multiple antipredator responses to a recolonizing apex predator

Current Zoology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 69(6), С. 703 - 717

Опубликована: Окт. 26, 2022

Prey adjust their antipredator behavioral tactics to minimize the risk of an encounter with predators. Spatiotemporal responses prey predators have been reported, but nature response is not ubiquitous and it object increasing interest, especially considering recent recovery large carnivores in Europe, potential for elicit consequences at ecosystem level. We tested multiple by fallow deer Dama dama wolf Canis lupus a Mediterranean protected area recently recolonized this apex predator. Through intensive camera trapping, we temporal spatial association between predator prey, also studied vigilance forest habitats where focal observations are usually impossible. Wolf detection rates were spatially associated those deer. Accordingly, no evidence was found avoiding sites higher rates. Temporal activity patterns significantly different 2 species, being mainly nocturnal whereas active during daylight. A comparison preliminary study strongly suggests increase diurnal along stabilization presence area. Both rate duration female increased local frequency activity. suggest based on temporal-rather than spatial-avoidance, as well vigilance.

Язык: Английский

---

Effects of anthropogenic and ecological factors on Himalayan goral in Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve, Nepal

Global Ecology and Conservation, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 46, С. e02562 - e02562

Опубликована: Июнь 29, 2023

The Himalayan goral (Naemorhedus goral) is facing threats, such as habitat degradation and human disturbances, which are increasing. To aid their conservation, it crucial to understand the anthropogenic ecological factors that influence occurrence. We conducted a study in Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve, Nepal using remote cameras detect gorals during late winter (March 2022) spring (May 2022). were more likely be detected (p = 0.53 ± 0.11) compared 0.39 effects of on varied between these periods. During winter, distance nearest settlement (βsettlement 1.91 1.08) number other wild ungulates (βungulates 2.93 1.18) had positive effect In contrast, only ungulate detections 3.33 1.24) impact occupancy spring. livestock carnivores each season did not occupancy. Our results highlight importance considering variables understanding distribution inform species conservation strategies.

Язык: Английский

---

Implications of the scale of detection for inferring co‐occurrence patterns from paired camera traps and acoustic recorders

Conservation Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 38(3)

Опубликована: Ноя. 8, 2023

Multifunctional landscapes that support economic activities and conservation of biological diversity (e.g., cattle ranches with native forest) are becoming increasingly important because small remnants forest may comprise the only habitat left for some wildlife species. Understanding co-occurrence between disturbance factors, such as poaching activity domesticated ungulates, is key to successful management multifunctional landscapes. Tools measure factors include camera traps autonomous acoustic recording units. We paired 52 camera-trap stations recorders investigate association 2 measures (poaching cattle) wild ungulates present in Colombian Orinoquía. used joint species distribution models species-habitat associations species-disturbance correlations. One model was fitted using data detect a second after replacing detections their corresponding detections. The direction, significance, precision effect covariates depended on sampling method factors. Acoustic monitoring typically resulted more precise estimates effects Association patterns were found when detected by recorders. Camera allowed us nonvocalizing species, whereas audio devices increased detection leading patterns. collared peccary (Pecari tajacu), lowland tapir (Tapirus terrestris), white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) co-occurred priorities due greater risk or disease transmission from cattle.

Язык: Английский

---

The cost of sympatry: spatio-temporal patterns in leopard dietary and physiological responses to tiger competition gradient in Rajaji Tiger Reserve, Uttarakhand, India

Conservation Physiology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

Abstract Apex predators have critical roles in maintaining the structure of ecosystem functioning by controlling intraguild subordinate populations. Such dominant–subordinate interactions involve agonistic including direct or indirect impacts on subordinates. As these effects are often mediated through physiological processes, it is important to quantify such responses better understand population parameters. We used a large carnivore system involving tiger (Panthera tigris) and leopard pardus) dietary under spatio-temporal gradient competition pressures Rajaji Tiger Reserve (RTR) between 2015 2020. conducted systematic faecal sampling winters 2020 from park assess diet measures. Analyses leopard-confirmed faeces suggest dietary-niche separation as consequence competition. In 2020, we found an increased occurrence large-bodied prey species without western-RTR. Physiological measures followed where leopards with large-sized showed higher fT3M lower fGCM contrast, eastern-RTR levels possibly due intense tigers. Overall, patterns strongly indicate cost sympatry dominant tigers resulted elevated nutritional stress. recommend expansion monitoring estimation efforts buffers, developing appropriate plans for human–leopard conflict mitigation intensive dynamics ensure their persistence during ongoing Anthropocene.

Язык: Английский

---

Spatial and seasonal variation of livestock depredation by large carnivores in the Pamir Mountains of northern Pakistan

Conservation Science and Practice, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 5(7)

Опубликована: Май 19, 2023

Abstract The livestock depredation by large carnivores is a main cause for increasing human–wildlife conflicts (HWCs) and one of the prime challenges carnivore's conservation major economic concern to livestock‐dependent communities around wildlife habitats. Thus, understanding patterns trends may contribute better mechanisms underlying HWCs mitigating HWCs. characterized are prevalent in northern Pakistan, but poorly investigated. This study was conducted 2018 Khunjerab Valley Shimshal Pamir region evaluate spatial seasonal variation impact carnivores. Data were collected on its associated through semi‐structured interviews randomly selected households two valleys. more susceptible carnivores’ (233 heads per year) than (125 year). reflective difference socio‐economic conditions physical locations between More took place winter Valley, while occurred summer mainly because different grazing systems total loss incurred due US$ 76,063 as compared 34,175 2018. average household 950.8, accounting nearly 30% annual income A higher proportion participants (83%) comparison (69%) expressed negative attitude towards wild concludes that remotely located having comparatively marginal opportunities, reliant agro‐pastoralism thus vulnerable repercussions such measures improvement road transportation management urgent need manage Valley.

Язык: Английский

---

Snow Leopard (Panthera uncia) Activity Patterns Using Camera Traps in the Qilian Mountain National Park (Qinghai Area), China

Animals, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(18), С. 2680 - 2680

Опубликована: Сен. 14, 2024

In recent years, there has been growing concern about the condition of snow leopards. The leopard (Panthera uncia), an apex predator alpine ecosystems, is essential for structural and functional stability ecosystems. Monitoring leopards’ activity patterns based on camera traps in Qilian Mountain National Park (Qinghai area) between August 2020 to October 2023 was performed. results showed that autumn peak period activity, especially September when frequency highest, one daily time 18:00–22:00, while highest overlap curves leopards different months from spring (Δ = 0.97), were significant differences diurnal rhythm (p 0.002). Snow prefer sunny days, they tend be active at temperatures −10–9 °C. Our research aimed uncover scales within study area provide data further studies other wildlife by researchers. This can used gain a comprehensive understanding ecological characteristics assess their habitats, it will also serve as reference local management authorities formulating conservation measures.

Язык: Английский

---

The untapped potential of camera traps for farmland biodiversity monitoring: current practice and outstanding agroecological questions

Remote Sensing in Ecology and Conservation, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Дек. 12, 2024

Abstract Agroecosystems are experiencing a biodiversity crisis. Biodiversity monitoring is needed to inform conservation, but existing schemes lack standardisation and biased towards birds, insects plants. Automated techniques offer promising solution, while passive acoustic remote sensing increasingly used, the potential of camera traps (CTs) in farmland remains underexplored. We reviewed CT publications from last 30 years found only 59 articles that sampled habitats Europe. The main research topics addressed management or (avian) conservation issues, such as wildlife‐livestock interactions, nest predation, use feeders water troughs. Fewer studies employed landscape‐wide approaches investigate species' habitat activity patterns over large agricultural areas. discuss barriers more widespread CTs suggest strategies overcome them: boxed tailored for small mammals, reptiles amphibians, perch‐mounted raptor time‐lapse imagery can help overcoming technical challenges (small) elusive species open where misfires missed detections frequent. Such would also expand taxonomic coverage under‐surveyed groups. Moreover, engagement farmers CT‐based programmes advances computer vision image classification provide opportunities low‐cost, broad‐scale automated schemes. Research priorities could be tackled through applications include basic science unravelling animal space landscapes, how this influenced by varying practices. Management‐related relate crop damage livestock predation wildlife, disease transmission between wildlife livestock, effects agrochemicals on assessment measures. Altogether, hold great, yet unexplored, advance agroecological research.

Язык: Английский

---