Effects of Livestock Grazing on Spatiotemporal Interactions Between Snow Leopards and Ungulate Prey

Integrative Zoology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Дек. 17, 2024

Spatiotemporal interactions between predators and prey are central to maintaining sustainable functioning ecosystems community stability. For wild ungulates their predators, livestock grazing is an important anthropogenic disturbance causing population declines modifying over time space. However, it poorly understood how fine-scale affects the spatiotemporal responses of prey, interactions. Two opposing hypotheses describe a dichotomy possible effects. The human shield hypothesis states that people can protect because avoid areas with high human-induced mortality risk, whereas in competitor hypothesis, humans compete for negatively impact through reduced availability. We used camera-trapping data from Gansu Qilianshan National Nature Reserve Northwest China measure occupancy, daily activity patterns, snow leopards (Panthera uncia), dominant predator, ungulate contrasting intensities. results were consistent both human-shield human-competitor hypotheses, affecting patterns prey. primary species, blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur), spatial temporal affected by grazing, which led reduction interaction frequencies leopards. secondary white-lipped deer (Przewalskium albirostris) red (Cervus yarkandensis), but increased alpine musk (Moschus chrysogaster). Our indicate competition among predator or avoidance grazed populations predator-prey findings relevant management leopard conservation.

Язык: Английский

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Spatiotemporal behavior of predators and prey in an arid environment of Central Asia

Current Zoology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 69(6), С. 670 - 681

Опубликована: Дек. 5, 2022

Abstract The mechanisms of interactions between apex and smaller carnivores may range from competition to facilitation. Conversely, predators prey are mainly driven by the reducing likelihood encounters with predators. In this study, we investigated (1) spatiotemporal an (the snow leopard) a meso-predator red fox), (2) temporal leopard its potential (Siberian ibex, argali, Asian wild ass, Tolai hare) through camera trapping in Mongolian Great Gobi-A. probability occurrence for fox was higher presence than absence. Moreover, activity pattern matched that leopard, both species mostly active at sunset. This positive interaction suggests be beneficial terms scavenging opportunities. However, other explanations also possible. Amongst prey, Siberian ibex argali were during day, whereas ass hare more nocturnal. These findings suggest (especially argali) shape their behavior decrease opportunity leopard. Our results have revealed complex predator prey.

Язык: Английский

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Variation in spatiotemporal activity may reduce competitive interactions between invasive wild pigs (Sus scrofa) and native mammal species

Canadian Journal of Zoology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 102(4), С. 410 - 418

Опубликована: Ноя. 6, 2023

Interactions between sympatric species influence the ecology and behaviour of individuals species. Invasive can often alter community dynamics by generating novel pressures that native are less able to respond to. The scope these may depend on life history invasive We used remote camera traps investigate how mammals’ spatiotemporal activity patterns were altered presence wild pig ( Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758). By analyzing daily implementing Cox proportional hazard models, our results suggest (a) temporal partitioning play a role in ameliorating competition mammals pigs (b) be avoiding prolonging their return times particular sites. provide an example for monitoring ecological changes create within ecosystems as they become more abundant non-traditional ranges.

Язык: Английский

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Effects of Free-Ranging Livestock on Occurrences and Interspecific Interactions of a Wildlife Community in the Forest

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

The impact of livestock-driven habitat degradation and land use change on wildlife is a global conservation concern, especially in forest ecosystems. Previous research has mainly focused flagship species or some selected species. However, how the presence livestock affects occurrences interspecific interactions communities remains largely unexplored. In this study, we conducted systematic camera trapping at 129 sites within central portion Giant Panda National Park China to assess relationships between 21 sympatric By using joint distribution model, fitted null model constrained investigate distinction spatial relationship (as raw associations) residual associations). comparison associations suggested that relying solely evaluate grazing impacts would be influenced by preferences. results revealed broad negative wild species, for medium herbivores medium-to-large omnivores which exhibit stronger with livestock. Overall, our study emphasized free-ranging exerts effects whole animal community. Thus, recommend policy management measures mitigate pressures wildlife.

Язык: Английский

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Ungulate co-occurrence in a landscape of antagonisms

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 912, С. 169552 - 169552

Опубликована: Дек. 22, 2023

Язык: Английский

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The cost of sympatry: spatio-temporal patterns in leopard dietary and physiological responses to tiger competition in Rajaji Tiger Reserve, India

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2022, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Авг. 5, 2022

1. Abstract Apex predators have critical roles in maintaining the structure of ecosystem functioning by controlling intraguild subordinate populations. Such dominant-subordinate interactions involve agonistic including direct (death/displacement) or indirect (physiological and/or health implications) impacts on subordinates. As these effects are often mediated through physiological processes, it is important to quantify such responses for better understanding population parameters. We used a well-known sympatric large carnivore system involving tiger ( Panthera tigris ) and leopard pardus understand dietary under spatio-temporal gradient competition pressures Rajaji Tiger Reserve (RTR), major source western Terai-Arc Landscape, India between 2015-2020. The park provided natural experimental set-up with eastern part (ERTR) having high density (WRTR) functionally no from tigers. conducted systematic faecal sampling winters 2015 2020 ERTR WRTR assess diet measures. Analyses leopard-confirmed faeces suggest dietary-niche separation as consequence competition. In 2020, we found increased occurrence large-bodied prey species without WRTR. Physiological measures followed where leopards large-sized showed higher fT3M lower fGCM contrast, levels well possibly due intense Overall, pattens strongly indicate cost sympatry dominant tigers resulted elevated nutritional stress. combination habitat providing unique setup, strategy multidisciplinary approaches provide conservation perspectives leopards, particularly context recent increase numbers across India. recommend expansion monitoring estimation efforts buffers, developing appropriate plans human-leopard conflict mitigation intensive dynamics patterns ensure their persistence during ongoing Anthropocene.

Язык: Английский

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