Underlying and proximate drivers of biodiversity changes in Mesoamerican biosphere reserves

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 121(6)

Опубликована: Янв. 22, 2024

Protected areas are of paramount relevance to conserving wildlife and ecosystem contributions people. Yet, their conservation success is increasingly threatened by human activities including habitat loss, climate change, pollution, species overexploitation. Thus, understanding the underlying proximate drivers anthropogenic threats urgently needed improve protected areas’ effectiveness, especially in biodiversity-rich tropics. We addressed this issue analyzing expert-provided data on long-term biodiversity change (last three decades) over 14 biosphere reserves from Mesoamerican Biodiversity Hotspot. Using multivariate analyses structural equation modeling, we tested influence major socioeconomic (demographic, economic, political factors), spatial indicators (agriculture expansion road extension), forest landscape modifications (forest loss isolation) as change. uncovered a significant proliferation disturbance-tolerant guilds or decline disturbance-sensitive within causing “winner loser” replacement time. Guild was directly related changes promoted agriculture roads reserves. High population density low nonfarming occupation were identified main Our findings suggest that mitigate reserves, fostering well-being via sustainable, livelihood opportunities around imperative.

Язык: Английский

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Tropical forest loss impoverishes arboreal mammal assemblages by increasing tree canopy openness

Ecological Applications, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 33(1)

Опубликована: Сен. 15, 2022

Abstract Landscape‐scale deforestation poses a major threat to global biodiversity, not only because it limits habitat availability, but also can drive the degradation of remaining habitat. However, multiple pathways by which directly and indirectly affects wildlife remain poorly understood, especially for elusive forest‐dependent species such as arboreal mammals. Using structural equation models, we assessed direct indirect effects landscape forest loss on mammal assemblages in Lacandona rainforest, Mexico. We placed camera traps 100 canopy trees, effect cover their via changes tree basal area openness abundance diversity (i.e., richness exponential Shannon entropy) found that had negative through increase openness. This could be related fact is usually inversely resource availability connectivity Furthermore, independently loss, mammals was positively area, typically higher old‐growth forests. Thus, our findings suggest generally prefer vegetation with relatively low high area. unexpectedly, mammals, probably due crowding effect, reasonable possibility given short history (~40 years) study region. Conversely, affected predictors evaluated, suggesting rare (not common species) are ones most these changes. All all, emphasize conservation measures ought focus increasing landscape, preventing large trees patches.

Язык: Английский

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Landscape predictors are more important than local factors in determining multiple dimensions of amphibian and reptile diversity in shaded cocoa agroforests

Landscape Ecology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 40(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 5, 2025

High rates of deforestation have prompted discussions on the use agricultural systems for biodiversity conservation. Although agroforests are recognized as supplementary habitats many species, it is still unclear whether this system can maintain multiple dimensions species diversity. We investigated impact landscape and local factors taxonomic, functional phylogenetic richness diversity herpetofauna in 30 cocoa located three different regions Atlantic Forest. used Hill's numbers orders 0 1 to estimate each dimension amphibian reptile communities. Using model selection approach, we evaluate influence both groups. For amphibians, observed that pasture cover positively affects taxonomic diversity, well richness. In contrast, forest edge density number fragments negatively affect respectively. also region with high exhibited lower reptiles, found noted Regarding factors, only humidity affected while temperature had a negative effect Our study showed context which modulates ability harbor human-modified landscapes.

Язык: Английский

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Diversity and Abundance of the Species of Arboreal Mammals in a Tropical Rainforest in Southeast Mexico

Ecology and Evolution, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Habitat loss threatens biodiversity worldwide being particularly detrimental in tropical rainforests where a cumulative deforestation expands for decades. Tropical harbor rich mammal diversity with wide range of species using different habitats, ranging from forest‐dwelling to arboreal species. Recent techniques such as camera trapping have proven be useful study the ecology mammals. Here, we assessed overall community structure mammals protected area by analyzing patterns and abundance their spatial seasonal variations. A total 21 camera‐trapping stations were set clusters three zones. Spatial alpha‐diversity evenness estimated Hill's numbers, Sørensen's dissimilarities used proxy estimate beta‐diversity. relative index was calculated each species, at site season. To influence tree morphology on use mammals, Principal Component Analysis performed. We observed high richness (14 species) Species remained similar between sites, although shifts abundances decreasing gradient related distance trap station located noted. high‐ low‐diversity dissimilarity zones, respectively. Seasonality showed no significant effect over abundance, alpha, beta diversities. This holds natural habitat conditions ensure persistence this community.

Язык: Английский

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Effect of forest loss and fragmentation per se on arboreal and ground mammals of the Lacandon rainforest, Mexico

Biodiversity and Conservation, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 27, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Losing lemurs: Declining populations and land cover changes over space and time

American Journal of Primatology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 11, 2024

Abstract Forest loss and degradation due to land cover changes imperil biodiversity worldwide. Subtropical tropical ecosystems experience high deforestation rates, negatively affecting species like primates. Madagascar's endemic lemurs face exceptionally risks of population declines extirpation. We examined how short‐term within a fragmented landscape in southeastern Madagascar impacted the density lemur species. Using line transects, we assessed nine across five forest fragments. Diurnal surveys were conducted monthly from 2015 2019 on 35 transects (total effort = 1268 km). Additionally, 21 surveyed nocturnally 2016 107.5 To quantify changes, generated use/land (LULC) maps Sentinel‐2 imagery using supervised classification for each year. For LULC maps, overlayed species‐specific buffers around all calculated proportion classes them. observed annual densities four diurnal cathemeral between 2019, with up 80% ( Varecia variegata ). While two nocturnal decreased, one increased fivefold Cheirogaleus major ) 2016. By Grassland was dominant type (50%), while Paddy Fields had smallest coverage (1.03%). Mature Agricultural Land most (63.37%), New decreased (–66.36%). Unexpectedly, did not find evidence that higher supported sampled areas, but found support negative impact degraded types three Our study underscores urgent need address land‐use their repercussions primate populations ecosystems. The diverse responses modified habitats highlight complexity these impacts emphasize importance targeted conservation efforts.

Язык: Английский

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Old-growth forests are critical to safeguard tropical birds in complex landscape mosaics exposed to slash-and-burn agriculture

Landscape Ecology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 39(7)

Опубликована: Июнь 18, 2024

Abstract Context Slash-and-burn agriculture generates landscape mosaics composed of different land uses. Ecological theory postulates that in these mosaics, the structure species assemblages depends on both local- and landscape-scale factors, but their relative role remains poorly known. Objectives Understanding importance local variables for bird Mayan tropical forest, Mexico. Methods We evaluated effect two (land use type tree basal area) (old-growth forest cover human proximity) abundance diversity, separately assessing non-forest birds. As extirpation may accelerate when loss exceeds certain limits (extinction thresholds), we assessed effects with linear nonlinear models. Results recorded 1867 birds from 118 four land-use types secondary burned lands, agricultural lands). Land-use surrounding old-growth better predicted diversity than area proximity. Agricultural lands showed lowest species, highest species. found no support extinction threshold hypothesis. Yet, independently use, decreased increased Human proximity also total abundance, especially because Conclusions Our findings highlight key played by forests preserving exposed to slash-and-burn agriculture.

Язык: Английский

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Threat Analysis of Forest Fragmentation and Degradation for Peruvian Primates

Diversity, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(2), С. 276 - 276

Опубликована: Фев. 15, 2023

Peru has 55 primate taxa (including all species and subspecies), a third of which are threatened. The major drivers habitat loss, degradation fragmentation grazing, forestry, agriculture transport infrastructure. Other activities such as hunting exacerbate these threats. We assessed the threats from facing Peruvian primates to aid in design implementation mitigation strategies. Through GIS-based mapping, statistical modeling specialist assessments, we evaluated using IUCN Conservation Measures Partnership Unified Classifications Direct Threats across five categories (direct primates, habitat, causes fragmentation, factors exacerbating habitats consequence fragmentation), highlighting were most common severe. Our results showed that affected by Peru. severe direct threat was hunting, whereas housing urban development, smallholder crop farming, grazing large-scale logging other categories. families Cebidae Atelidae face highest overall threat. analysis current listing Leontocebus leucogenys [LC] underestimates true level this faces Lagothrix lagothricha tschudii [DD] should be listed under one In Peru, need for mitigating is clear. To ensure survival Peru’s diverse taxa, forest connectivity needs maintained or recovered through protection restoration key areas considering their biological social needs.

Язык: Английский

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Adapting to Novel Fire Regimes: Using Movement to Inform Conservation of a Threatened Arboreal Mammal

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

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Язык: Английский

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Diversity, Encounter Rate and Detection of Non-Volant Nocturnal Mammals on Two Malaysian Islands

Tropical Life Sciences Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 35(1), С. 49 - 85

Опубликована: Март 30, 2024

Nocturnal mammals constitute a crucial component of tropical faunal diversity, but not much is known about the effects anthropogenic disturbance on habitat use and detectability these species. We investigated which environmental variables impact non-volant nocturnal arboreal across varying types at two islands with different levels development in Malaysia. conducted night transect line point count surveys following pre-existing paths Penang Island Langkawi between 2019 2020. used head torch red filter thermal imaging device (FLIR) to enhance animal detection success. calculated encounter rates (individual km–1) for each species as proxy abundance. Overall, we detected 17 species, did find higher diversity intact forested environments compared disturbed areas. Encounter most observed were influenced by ‘time after sunset’ highly developed island Penang, whereas rural Langkawi, was sites better canopy connectivity. Different their respective habitats differently thus, are impacted activities. Our results provided baseline data rate, elusive can also help further improve methodologies wildlife.

Язык: Английский

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