Human access constrains optimal foraging and habitat availability in an avian generalist
Ecological Applications,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
34(3)
Опубликована: Фев. 28, 2024
Abstract
Animals
balance
costs
of
antipredator
behaviors
with
resource
acquisition
to
minimize
hunting
and
other
mortality
risks
maximize
their
physiological
condition.
This
inherent
trade‐off
between
forage
abundance,
its
quality,
risk
is
intensified
in
human‐dominated
landscapes
because
fragmentation,
habitat
loss,
degradation
natural
vegetation
communities
often
coupled
artificially
enhanced
(i.e.,
food
plots),
creating
high‐risk,
high‐reward
selection
decisions.
Our
goal
was
evaluate
autumn–winter
trade‐offs
for
an
intensively
hunted
avian
generalist.
We
hypothesized
human
access
a
reliable
cue
predation
risk.
Therefore,
we
predicted
patterns
would
be
spatiotemporally
dependent
upon
levels
associated
perceived
Specifically,
evaluated
local‐scale
flights
diel
periods
426
mallards
(
Anas
platyrhynchos
)
relative
wetland
type,
differing
across
nonhunting
seasons.
Mallards
selected
areas
that
prohibited
generally
avoided
allowed
diurnally,
especially
during
the
season.
compensated
by
selecting
high‐energy
greater
quality
foraging
patches
on
allowable
nocturnally
when
they
were
devoid
hunters.
Postseason
gradients
did
not
return
prehunting
immediately,
perhaps
suggesting
delayed
response
reacclimate
nonhunted
activities
thus
agreeing
assessment
mismatch
hypothesis.
Last,
availability
constrained
optimal
seed
biomass
productivity)
diurnally
preseason
season,
respectively;
however,
freed
from
these
constraints
season
postseason
periods.
results
suggest
risk‐avoidance
accessible
hunted)
primary
driver
could
local
landscape‐level
process
influencing
distributions,
instead
abundance
which
has
long‐been
assumed
waterfowl
conservation
planners
North
America.
Broadly,
even
generalist,
well
adapted
anthropogenic
landscapes,
avoids
where
are
allowed.
Future
planning
implementation
must
consider
management
recreational
people)
equally
important
as
wintering
waterfowl.
Язык: Английский
Responses of black-headed gulls (Chroicocephalus ridibundus) to observers holding popguns: Adult and juvenile gulls differ
Journal for Nature Conservation,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
84, С. 126824 - 126824
Опубликована: Янв. 5, 2025
Язык: Английский
Landscape risk predicts depletion of flooded unharvested corn by waterfowl
Journal of Wildlife Management,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Янв. 28, 2025
Abstract
Animal
foraging
strategies
are
formulated
in
a
complex
decision‐making
matrix
that
is
predicated
on
balancing
energy
intake
and
expenditure
within
landscape
of
predation
risk.
Game
species
encounter
dynamic
risks
during
hunting
season
as
ephemeral
predators
(i.e.,
hunters)
alter
the
risk
daily
seasonally.
Predators
prey
often
concentrate
around
food
sources
season,
further
complicating
balance
minimization
for
species.
For
example,
many
wetland
managers
provide
energy‐rich
resources,
such
unharvested
grain,
attract
waterfowl.
Hunter
access
to
these
areas
varies
alters
inherent
wintering
waterfowl
face
use
resources.
We
hypothesized
subsequent
depletion
flooded
corn
fields
would
be
influenced
by
proximate
anthropogenic
disturbance
risk,
shifting
bioenergetic
first
sampled
145
cornfields
under
different
regimes
estimate
biomass
October
2019
2020
western
Tennessee,
USA.
then
returned
30
those
biweekly
fall‐winter
2019–2021
rates
60
fields.
modeled
rate
function
forage
accessibility
including
variables
ear
height
above
water
surface,
field
size,
ownership
type,
distance
from
sanctuary
our
statistical
model.
Biomass
estimates
derived
initial
surveys
indicated
private
were
hunted
provided
greatest
(7,134
±
448
kg/ha),
followed
public
(5,272
320
kg/ha)
finally
sanctuaries
closed
(3,995
371
kg/ha).
Corn
was
depleted
2–4
times
faster
than
November
December
but
2
January.
Depletion
increased
surface
came
closer
ears
unaffected
size
or
unhunted
sanctuary.
Sanctuary
devoid
end
January,
whereas
55%
50%
still
had
remaining
15
March,
which
time
most
ducks
likely
initiated
migration.
Private
lands
contributed
nearly
7
more
assumed
2015
Lower
Mississippi
Alluvial
Valley
Joint
Venture
energetic
allocation
models.
Despite
being
hunters
at
night,
not
perceived
nocturnally
similar
season.
In
turn,
exploited
later
when
resources
scarce,
providing
available
migrating
birds.
It
may
important
retain
through
early
spring
given
lack
energy‐dense
areas.
Conservation
planners
should
consider
resource
multiplicative
abundance
allocating
habitat
objectives
non‐breeding
Язык: Английский
Highs and Lows of Arboreal Life: Space use and Movement Strategies of Lion‐Tailed Macaques (Macaca silenus) in the Western Ghats of India
American Journal of Primatology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
87(5)
Опубликована: Апрель 28, 2025
ABSTRACT
Lion‐tailed
macaques
(
Macaca
silenus
),
endemic
to
the
Western
Ghats
of
India,
are
increasingly
threatened
by
habitat
loss
and
degradation,
vulnerable
environmental
change.
Insights
into
their
spatial
ecology
can
reveal
strategies
that
enable
these
navigate
use
spatially
complex
heterogeneous
spaces.
This
is
crucial
for
conservation,
given
increasing
human
disturbance
in
around
Ghats.
study,
conducted
Silent
Valley
National
Park
between
January
June
2019,
2022,
2023,
focused
on
two
macaque
troops
occupying
habitats
with
varying
presence—in
park's
core
(Sairandhri)
buffer
(Keeripara).
The
observed
group
sizes
Sairandhri
Keeripara
were
51
21,
respectively.
We
examined
differences
assessing
vertical
space
use,
two‐dimensional
(2D)
three‐dimensional
(3D)
home
ranges,
using
an
integrated
step‐selection
function
understand
movement‐based
selection.
similarities
movement
patterns
across
troops,
notable
mainly
forest.
troop,
resident
a
more
disturbed
area,
utilized
smaller
range
(1.80
km²).
They
spent
94.2%
time
mid‐level
canopy
(6–20
m),
descending
rarely
(1.1%)
lower
strata
(≤
5
likely
due
perceived
high
risk
from
predators
humans,
proximity
roads.
less
had
larger
(3.05
km²)
exhibited
greater
terrestriality
(11.3%),
84.2%
mid‐canopies.
Both
preferred
areas
cover
fruiting
trees,
displaying
similar
slow
movements
(indicated
through
small
step
lengths
large
turning
angles)
near
resources.
Our
findings
suggest
lion‐tailed
may
be
strictly
arboreal
than
previously
believed,
habitats.
Strategic
3D
based
local
ecological
anthropogenic
conditions
highlights
need
conservation
efforts
maintain
connectivity
support
flexibility
this
species.
Язык: Английский
Proximity among protected area networks promotes functional connectivity for wintering waterfowl
Scientific Reports,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
14(1)
Опубликована: Июль 30, 2024
The
equilibrium
theorem
provided
a
fundamental
framework
for
understanding
species'
distributions
and
movement
in
fragmented
ecosystems.
Wetland-dependent
avian
species
are
model
organisms
to
test
insular
predictions
within
protected
area
networks
because
their
mobility
allows
surveillance
of
isolated
patches
without
landscape
barriers.
We
hypothesized
size
isolation
would
influence
functional
connectivity
sanctuaries
by
GPS-marked
wintering
mallards
(Anas
platyrhynchos)
mesocosm
sanctuary
network.
evaluated
use,
measured
movements
between
sanctuaries,
using
multistate
modeling
framework.
Proximity
drove
connectivity,
underscoring
that
patch
isolation—not
size—influenced
even
an
with
no
ascertainable
resistance
or
also
found
use
increased
overwintering
survival
reducing
harvest
mortality.
Our
theory
demonstrated
areas
supersedes
determining
access
these
may
have
direct
fitness
consequences.
findings
could
refine
land
acquisition,
restoration,
management
practices
equal
greater
emphasis
on
adjacency
network
design,
especially
wetland-dependent
migratory
gamebirds.
Язык: Английский
Mallard winter use of conservation program and nonprogram lands in Mississippi
Wildlife Society Bulletin,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
48(3)
Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2024
Abstract
Prior
to
the
19
th
century,
Mississippi
Alluvial
Valley
(MAV)
was
a
vast
bottomland
hardwood
forest
ecosystem
with
associated
wetlands
and
intrinsic
resources.
Conversion
for
human
uses
in
20
century
transformed
MAV
into
an
agriculturally
dominated
system.
Since
late
1980s,
federal
state
incentivized
conservation
programs
landowners
have
helped
restore
on
private
lands
MAV.
Given
need
evaluate
relation
waterfowl
use,
we
used
sample
of
241
radiomarked
female
mallards
(
Anas
platyrhynchos
)
evaluated
their
use
public
portion
during
winters
2010–2015.
Our
objective
examine
mallard
public,
private,
non‐incentivized
if
changed
by
time
day
after
hunting
season.
Among
all
diurnal
nocturnal
locations
mallards,
43.3%
n
=
3,995)
occurred
lands,
19.5%
1,802)
were
37.2%
3,432)
lands.
Of
exhibited
greatest
Wetland
Reserve
Easements
(WRE;
12.4%)
Conservation
Program
tracts
(CRP;
4.7%).
Mallards
more
diurnally
within
seasons
than
post‐hunting
season,
which
attributed
presence
designated
sanctuaries
that
may
provided
refuge
from
other
disturbances.
Post‐hunting
increased
perhaps
exploit
seasonal
emergent
wetland
remnant
agricultural
foods.
Radiomarked
variety
landcover
types
across
land,
reinforcing
importance
habitat
complexes
wintering
dabbling
ducks.
program
such
as
CRP
WREs,
provide
forested
complement
flooded
natural
When
areal
availability
estimates
are
accessible
government
or
partners,
encourage
future
researchers
investigate
selectivity
incentivized,
Язык: Английский
Comparing winter distribution and harvest rates of transmitter‐marked and banded‐only mallards in western Tennessee
Wildlife Society Bulletin,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Ноя. 5, 2024
Abstract
The
miniaturization
of
Global
Positioning
Systems
(GPS)
transmitters
is
providing
insights
into
the
ecology
and
management
migratory
bird
species
at
biologically‐relevant
spatial
scales.
However,
their
attachment
methods
could
bias
inferred
behaviors,
demographic
rates,
resulting
decisions.
We
evaluated
effects
external
harness‐style
GPS
by
comparing
direct
harvest
winter
dispersal
distances,
subsequent
distributions
mallards
(
Anas
platyrhynchos
)
equipped
with
n
=
443)
to
a
tarsal
banded‐only
control
group
1,123)
captured
in
western
Tennessee
during
winters
2019–2022.
found
that
transmitter‐marked
had
similar
as
mallards.
Time
between
capture
predicted
distances
but
there
was
no
effect
marker
type.
Specifically,
average
time
from
30
(SE
2)
31
3)
days
for
mallards,
respectively.
Harvest
rate
()
only
2.2%
greater
compared
overall,
affected
susceptibility
juveniles
14.5%).
Based
on
rates
cohorts,
we
suggest
7‐
10‐day
data
censoring
periods
may
be
warranted,
especially
juveniles,
acclimate
transmitters.
Overall,
concluded
modern
provided
reliable
information
wintering
mallard
space
use,
movements,
mortality
can
used
inform
other
dabbling
ducks.
Future
studies
should
evaluate
different
portions
ducks'
life
cycle,
such
migration
or
nesting,
when
they
experience
adverse
effects.
Язык: Английский
Mallard response to experimental human disturbance on sanctuary areas is mediated by hunting
Wildlife Biology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Дек. 27, 2024
Wildlife
managers
often
provide
spatial
sanctuaries
for
wildlife
to
escape
both
lethal
(e.g.
hunting)
and
non‐lethal
non‐consumptive
recreation)
human
disturbance.
However,
as
societal
interest
in
outdoor
recreation
continues
climb,
many
areas
face
added
pressure
allow
recreation,
yet
studies
increasingly
demonstrate
negative
effects
of
on
wildlife.
As
such,
an
understanding
how
respond
activities
is
essential
develop
sustainable
guidelines
preserve
multiple
benefits
humans,
while
simultaneously
protecting
populations
fitness.
We
examined
GPS‐marked
mallard
responses
three
experimental
disturbances
meant
mimic
that
could
theoretically
occur
waterfowl
during
1
November–28
February
2019–2022.
evaluated
movement,
space
use,
site
fidelity
expected
repeated
disturbance
would
result
habituation.
further
predictions
the
risk–disturbance
hypothesis,
whereby
we
predicted
greater
behavioral
hunting
period
more
intense
stimuli.
conducted
140
covered
vehicle
truck),
40
pedestrian,
43
uncovered
ATV)
across
10
sanctuaries,
exposing
195
mallards
≥
(median
=
2,
range
1–12).
Diurnal
sanctuary
use
exceeded
83%
proportional
regardless
period;
however,
only
decreased
when
disturbed
before
with
vehicle.
Besides
immediate
increases
hourly
movements
mornings
received
pedestrian
disturbances,
displayed
minimal
changes
movements.
At
diel
scale,
pedestrians
elicited
greatest
responses;
doubled
birds
pre‐hunt
early‐hunt
periods.
In
contrast,
movement
but
outside
period.
Repeated
caused
gradual
declines
use:
used
12%
less
each
additional
hunting.
Constrained
unchanged
after
season
suggests
limited
availability
alternative
safe
constrained
disturbances.
Язык: Английский
Mallard Hybridization With Domesticated Lineages Alters Spring Migration Behavior and Timing
Ecology and Evolution,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
15(1)
Опубликована: Дек. 30, 2024
Introgressive
hybridization,
the
interbreeding
and
gene
flow
between
different
species,
has
become
increasingly
common
in
Anthropocene,
where
human-induced
ecological
changes
introduction
of
captively
reared
individuals
are
increasing
secondary
contact
among
closely
related
leading
to
wild
domesticated
lineages.
As
a
result,
domesticated-wild
hybridization
may
potentially
affect
individual
fitness,
maladaptive
effects
such
as
shifts
behavior
or
life-history
decisions
(e.g.,
migration
patterns),
which
could
influence
population
demographics.
In
North
America,
release
captive-reared
game-farm
mallards
(
Язык: Английский
Sanctuary for migrating and wintering waterfowl: Synthesis and insights for waterfowl management and conservation planning
Journal of Wildlife Management,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
89(3)
Опубликована: Дек. 16, 2024
Abstract
Waterfowl
use
a
diversity
of
resources
(e.g.,
food,
structure,
sanctuary)
to
meet
energetic,
social,
and
other
life‐history
demands
during
the
non‐breeding
period.
often
seek
areas
with
limited
human
disturbance
(i.e.,
autumn
winter
when
hunting
seasons
are
open
perhaps
reduce
exposure
mortality
risks,
minimize
energy
expenditure,
increase
foraging
efficiency,
all
which
should
enhance
survival
subsequent
fitness.
Prior
studies
sanctuary
by
waterfowl
have
mostly
focused
on
patterns
abundance
behavior,
many
documenting
differential
diel
movements
marked
birds
in
around
sanctuaries.
Although
reduced
risk
is
likely
associated
use,
much
less
known
about
potential
effects
body
condition,
reproductive
consequences
at
individual
level,
seasonal
distribution
respect
viewing
harvest
potential.
We
consider
these
aforementioned
factors
among
most
significant
gaps
our
understanding
function
management.
As
hunter
recruitment,
retention,
reactivation
become
major
initiative
natural
resource
agencies
core
principle
North
American
Management
Plan,
we
discuss
role
relative
efforts.
Herein,
review
historical
aspects
sanctuary,
introduce
hypotheses
its
habitat
management
conservation
planning
winter,
knowledge
waterfowl,
share
insights
inform
decisions
given
currently
available
evidence
remaining
uncertainties.
Our
describes
existing
for
biological
social
outcomes
draws
some
conclusions
evidence,
outlines
research
opportunities
help
us
make
informed
regarding
implementation
waterfowl.
Язык: Английский