Integrative Zoology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Дек. 17, 2024
Spatiotemporal
interactions
between
predators
and
prey
are
central
to
maintaining
sustainable
functioning
ecosystems
community
stability.
For
wild
ungulates
their
predators,
livestock
grazing
is
an
important
anthropogenic
disturbance
causing
population
declines
modifying
over
time
space.
However,
it
poorly
understood
how
fine-scale
affects
the
spatiotemporal
responses
of
prey,
interactions.
Two
opposing
hypotheses
describe
a
dichotomy
possible
effects.
The
human
shield
hypothesis
states
that
people
can
protect
because
avoid
areas
with
high
human-induced
mortality
risk,
whereas
in
competitor
hypothesis,
humans
compete
for
negatively
impact
through
reduced
availability.
We
used
camera-trapping
data
from
Gansu
Qilianshan
National
Nature
Reserve
Northwest
China
measure
occupancy,
daily
activity
patterns,
snow
leopards
(Panthera
uncia),
dominant
predator,
ungulate
contrasting
intensities.
results
were
consistent
both
human-shield
human-competitor
hypotheses,
affecting
patterns
prey.
primary
species,
blue
sheep
(Pseudois
nayaur),
spatial
temporal
affected
by
grazing,
which
led
reduction
interaction
frequencies
leopards.
secondary
white-lipped
deer
(Przewalskium
albirostris)
red
(Cervus
yarkandensis),
but
increased
alpine
musk
(Moschus
chrysogaster).
Our
indicate
competition
among
predator
or
avoidance
grazed
populations
predator-prey
findings
relevant
management
leopard
conservation.
Ecology and Evolution,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
13(9)
Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2023
Outdoor
recreation
is
widespread,
with
uncertain
effects
on
wildlife.
The
human
shield
hypothesis
(HSH)
suggests
that
could
have
differential
predators
and
prey,
predator
avoidance
of
humans
creating
a
spatial
refuge
'shielding'
prey
from
people.
generality
the
HSH
remains
to
be
tested
across
larger
scales,
wherein
shielding
may
prove
generalizable,
or
diminish
variability
in
ecological
contexts.
We
combined
data
446
camera
traps
79,279
sampling
days
10
landscapes
spanning
15,840
km
Diversity,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
17(2), С. 115 - 115
Опубликована: Фев. 5, 2025
In
human-dominated
landscapes,
human
activities
shape
prey
spatial
behavior,
creating
complex
landscapes
of
risks.
We
investigated
habitat
selection
roe
deer
using
resource
functions
in
a
mountain
system
located
the
southwestern
Alps,
characterized
by
high
presence
wolves
and
disturbance.
Our
study
aimed
to
assess
how
interplay
hunting,
infrastructures,
recreational
influenced
responses
inside
outside
protected
area.
documented
that
during
hunting
period,
increased
high-wolf-density
areas,
with
strongest
effect
observed
wild
boar
drive
hunts,
supporting
risk
enhancement
hypothesis,
where
avoiding
one
predator
increases
exposure
another,
highlighting
temporary
yet
significant
impact
on
predator–prey
dynamics.
During
period
hunt,
also
showed
stronger
for
proximity
buildings,
shield
hypothesis.
Protected
areas
had
an
avoidance
trails,
hiking
are
more
concentrated.
findings
revealed
trade-offs
face
navigating
multiple
risks
within
human-modified
important
development
effective
conservation
sustainability
strategies.
Human-Animal Interactions,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Май 7, 2025
Abstract
Humans
engaging
in
outdoor
recreational
activities
can
inadvertently
introduce
salts
and
minerals
into
natural
environments,
attracting
wild
ungulates
to
trails
parking
areas,
which
increases
the
risk
of
disease
transmission
negative
human-wildlife
interactions.
This
study
aimed
understand
drivers
these
interactions
identify
potential
mitigation
strategies.
We
employed
an
interdisciplinary
approach
combining
social
science
ecological
research
at
a
public
mountain
park
Colorado,
USA.
Our
methods
included
visitor
surveys
assess
motivations
for
visits
beliefs
about
safe
wildlife
viewing
distances,
alongside
observational
studies
between
visitors
bighorn
sheep
(
Ovis
canadensis
)
goats
Oreamnos
americanus
).
also
measured
mineral
concentrations
visitor-use
such
as
restrooms,
compared
habitats,
monitored
ungulate
behavior
related
surfaces.
Results
indicated
that
while
85%
believed
it
was
unsafe
animals
within
15
feet,
over
70%
did
so
during
observations.
Mineral
were
found
be
2–6
times
higher
areas
designated
than
suggesting
high
may
attract
closer
human
activity.
findings
highlight
complex
interplay
attraction,
pose
risks
both
humans
ungulates.
propose
several
strategies
managers,
including
targeted
messaging,
shuttle
system,
modification
or
removal
certain
structures,
provision
licks
outside
high-traffic
enhance
safety
alpine
recreation
zones.
Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
292(2048)
Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2025
The
anthropogenic
refuge
(i.e.
human
shield)
effect
is
a
well-documented
consequence
of
disturbance,
whereby
prey
or
subordinate
competitors
use
human-dominated
areas
to
avoid
dominant
predators.
While
this
has
been
widely
demonstrated
for
and
lesser
extent
mesopredator
species,
it
remains
unknown
whether
occurs
among
sympatric
species
within
top
predator
guild
such
as
large
carnivores.
Moreover,
there
limited
understanding
how
intraguild
competition
may
mediate
carnivore
responses
disturbance.
Here,
we
examined
the
spatial
behaviour
two
exhibiting
intense
competition-lions
African
wild
dogs-to
investigate
mediates
disturbance
in
support
hypothesis.
We
found
that
lions
consistently
avoided
areas.
Similarly,
dogs
generally
areas,
but
pattern
reversed
when
high
lion-encounter
risk.
Such
results
reveal
ecology
fear,
particular
hypothesis,
extends
beyond
traditional
predator-prey
relationships
competing
predators
guild.
Furthermore,
our
study
suggests
variation
be
an
emerging
niche
axis
facilitates
coexistence
between
same
Global Ecology and Conservation,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
53, С. e02985 - e02985
Опубликована: Май 15, 2024
Wildlife
in
the
Anthropocene
is
increasingly
constrained
both
spatially
and
temporally
by
lethal
non-lethal
human
disturbance.
For
large
carnivores
with
extensive
space
requirements,
like
wolves
Eurasian
lynx,
avoiding
disturbance
European
landscapes
challenging
when
sufficient
low
rarely
available.
Consequently,
investigating
behavioural
adjustments
to
presence
critical
understanding
capacity
adapt
We
hypothesised
that
under
conditions,
would
adjust
their
temporal
behaviours
make
use
of
daytime,
daytime
high,
they
opt
for
nocturnality.
Using
camera
trap
data
from
nine
study
sites
along
a
gradient
disturbance,
we
analysed
wolf
lynx
nocturnality
diel
activity
patterns.
Our
spanned
multiple
years
2014
–
2022,
focused
analysis
on
September
until
April,
most
carnivore
monitoring
takes
place.
wolves,
our
revealed
i)
increased
nocturnal
activity,
ii)
decreased
diurnal
overlap
iii)
significant
association
between
probability
increasing
found
iv)
consistently
across
all
sites,
regardless
v)
no
be
active
during
night.
results
show
can
or
cathemeral
but
quickly
shift
increases.
however,
maintain
behaviour,
which
attribute
principal
hunting
strategy
stalk
ambush.
If
constrains
nighttime,
it
could
lead
changes
interactions
prey.
On
other
hand,
maintaining
human-dominated
may
beneficial
conservation,
decreasing
thereby
contributing
landscape
coexistence.
Journal of Wildlife Management,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
88(7)
Опубликована: Июль 11, 2024
Abstract
Moose
(
Alces
alces
)
and
woodland
caribou
Ranger
tarandus
are
the
2
large
prey
species
for
wolves
Canis
lupus
in
Nearctic
boreal
forest
North
America.
Caribou
have
declined,
with
widespread
anthropogenic
disturbance
as
ultimate
cause
wolf
predation
proximal
cause.
To
conserve
government
of
Alberta,
Canada
initiated
a
control
program
to
reduce
rates
on
populations
contribute
population
recovery.
Predators
play
an
important
role
shaping
structure
function
ecosystems
through
top‐down
forces.
We
hypothesized
that
strongest
factors
influencing
moose
occurrences
would
reflect
changes
risk
before
after
onset
control.
weighed
evidence
competing
hypothesis
by
deploying
cameras
across
highly
industrialized
landscape
Alberta
3
years
(2017–2020),
capitalizing
existing
data
(2011–2014).
created
generalized
linear
models
representing
hypotheses
about
response
natural
features
control,
examining
support
each
information‐theoretic
framework.
Prior
model
containing
providing
security
cover
was
best‐supported,
but
this
scale‐dependent.
After
offer
increased
forage
opportunities
best‐supported.
Unexpectedly,
direction
effect
often
opposite
predictions,
avoiding
some
thought
provide
forage.
demonstrate
lethal
predator
affects
spatial
distribution
its
primary
ways
we
do
not
fully
comprehend,
highlighting
need
better
understanding
community
dynamics
following
PeerJ,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
12, С. e17744 - e17744
Опубликована: Сен. 10, 2024
Outdoor
recreation
has
experienced
a
boom
in
recent
years
and
continues
to
grow.
While
outdoor
provides
wide-ranging
benefits
human
well-being,
there
are
growing
concerns
about
the
sustainability
of
with
increased
pressures
placed
on
ecological
systems
visitor
experiences.
These
emphasize
need
for
managers
access
accurate
timely
data
at
scales
that
match
extent
footprint.
Here,
we
compare
spatial
temporal
patterns
winter
summer
using
traditional
(trail
cameras,
infrared
counters,
aerial
surveys,
participatory
mapping)
application-based
tools
(Strava
Metro,
Strava
Global
Heatmap,
Wikiloc)
across
Columbia
Canadian
Rocky
Mountains
western
Canada.
We
demonstrate
how
use
can
be
estimated
tools,
although
their
accuracy
utility
varies
space,
season
activity
type.
found
trail
cameras
counters
captured
similar
broad-scale
count
estimates
pedestrians
all
activities.
Aerial
surveys
areas
low
intensity
mapping
coarser
information
large
scales.
Application-based
provided
detailed
spatiotemporal
use,
but
datasets
were
biased
towards
specific
Metro
was
more
suited
capturing
biking
than
pedestrian
recreation.
should
supplemented
from
identify
biases
fill
gaps.
provide
comparison
each
tool
measuring
highlight
tools’
strengths
limitations
applications
address
real-world
monitoring
management
scenarios.
Our
research
contributes
better
understanding
which
tool,
or
combinations
expand
rigor
scope
research.
findings
support
decision-making
mitigate
wildlife
habitats
while
allowing
high-quality
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Фев. 12, 2024
ABSTRACT
Outdoor
recreation
has
experienced
a
boom
in
recent
years.
While
outdoor
provides
wide-ranging
benefits
to
human
well-being
and
is
an
important
feature
of
many
protected
non-protected
areas,
there
are
growing
concerns
about
the
sustainability
with
increased
pressures
placed
on
ecological
systems
visitor
experiences.
These
emphasize
need
for
managers
access
accurate
timely
data
at
scales
that
match
footprint.
Here,
we
compare
spatial
temporal
patterns
winter
summer
use
using
traditional
application-based
tools
across
Columbia
Canadian
Rocky
Mountains
western
Canada.
We
demonstrate
how
can
be
estimated
tools,
although
their
accuracy
utility
varies
space,
season
activity
type.
Cameras
counters
captured
similar
broad-scale
count
estimates
pedestrians
all
activities.
Application-based
provided
detailed
spatiotemporal
information
use,
but
datasets
were
biased
towards
specific
types
did
not
represent
full
population.
For
instance,
Strava
Metro
was
more
suited
capturing
biking
than
pedestrian
recreation.
Traditional
including
aerial
surveys
participatory
mapping
coarser
intensity
extent
recreation,
former
tool
areas
low
latter
large
scales.
should
supplemented
from
cameras
or
trail
identify
biases
fill
gaps.
provide
comparison
each
measuring
highlight
tools’
strengths
limitations,
suggest
these
address
real-world
monitoring
management
scenarios.
Our
research
contributes
better
understanding
what
available
measure
help
direct
selecting
which
tool,
combinations
expand
rigor
scope
research.
This
support
decision-making
lead
protection
while
allowing
high-quality
GRAPHICAL