Mountain Bogs of Costa Rica
Опубликована: Янв. 17, 2025
High-altitude
mountain
bogs,
located
in
the
Central
and
Talamanca
Mountain
Ranges
of
Costa
Rica
(1200–3100
m
a.s.l.),
remain
one
least
explored
inland
aquatic
ecosystems
potentially
most
geographically
restricted.
These
unique
wetlands
are
confined
to
topographic
depressions
with
limited
drainage,
rely
solely
on
rainfall
for
maintenance
their
water
bodies,
can
dry
up
entirely
during
prolonged
spells.
Since
they
specific
soil
conditions
maintain
a
characteristic
biota
many
endemic
species,
bogs
deserve
urgent
conservation
attention.
Unfortunately,
human
activities
have
significantly
impacted
these
fragile
(e.g.
drainage
agricultural
purposes,
illicit
extraction
plant
fragmentation,
pollution,
fire).
Concentrated
predominantly
Talamanca,
represent
discrete
biomes
embedded
within
oak
forests
páramos,
reflecting
complex
interplay
between
parent
material,
topography,
climatic
factors.
Here,
we
discuss
ecological
traits,
biogeographic
significance,
limnological
characteristics,
representative
organisms,
climate
change
vulnerability
propose
key
research
areas
enhance
management
this
ecosystem.
We
compiled
list
108
vascular
species
(27%
endemics),
analyzed
bird
composition,
listed
amphibians
reptiles,
particularly
Bolitoglossa
salamanders.
present
preliminary
expected
mammals
(57
18
endemics,
3
bat
genera).
Aquatic
insects
crustaceans
just
beginning
be
explored,
but
several
new
reports
were
reported.
diverse
characterized
by
high
levels
endemism.
They
important
carbon
reservoirs
serve
as
comprehensive
paleobotanical
pollen
record
showing
fluctuations
location
tree
line
extension
páramos
geologic
past.
Climate
may
cause
significant
turnover
elevational
shifts
due
decreasing
increasing
temperatures,
further
compounded
risk
biological
invasions
habitat
loss
mediated
such
road
construction
powerline
installation.
Urgent
scientific
strategies
imperative
safeguard
endangered
bog
ecosystem,
ensuring
its
continued
existence
resilience
amidst
escalating
environmental
pressures
anthropogenic
disturbances.
Язык: Английский
A review of the species groups of the Western Hemisphere Onthophagus Latreille (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) using COI barcoding and gene trees
Zootaxa,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
5604(4), С. 401 - 447
Опубликована: Март 16, 2025
Species
groups
of
Western
Hemispheric
Onthophagus
Latreille
(Coleoptera:
Scarabaeidae:
Scarabaeinae:
Onthophagini)
are
suggested
using
COI
barcoding
and
gene
trees
supported
by
congruence
with
external
morphology,
behavior,
ecology,
biogeographic
evidence.
New
species
groups,
complexes,
taxonomic
statuses
offered,
other
preexisting
proposals
confirmed.
No
gap
w
as
found
between
the
intragroup
intergroup
genetic
distance
blocks,
but
average
(8.38%)
(13.88%)
Kimura-two-parameter
distances
statistically
different.
The
following
seven
were
mtDNA
barcode
analysis
independent
evidence:
O.
chevrolati,
clypeatus,
dicranius,
gazellinus,
hircus,
landolti,
mexicanus.
Eight
new
suggested:
crinitus,
curvicornis,
eulophus,
hecate,
hoepfneri,
marginatus,
nasutus,
velutinus.
Possible
behavioral/ecological
adaptations
morphological
characters
also
discussed.
evolutionary
hypotheses
advanced.
An
identification
key
for
is
presented.
Язык: Английский