Kelp forest community structure and demography in Kongsfjorden (Svalbard) across 25 years of Arctic warming
Ecology and Evolution,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
14(6)
Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2024
Abstract
The
Arctic
archipelago
of
Svalbard
is
a
hotspot
global
warming
and
many
fjords
experience
continuous
increase
in
seawater
temperature
glacial
melt
while
sea‐ice
cover
declines.
In
1996/1998,
2012–2014,
2021
macroalgal
biomass
species
diversity
were
quantified
at
the
study
site
Hansneset,
Kongsfjorden
(W‐Spitsbergen)
order
to
identify
potential
changes
over
time.
2021,
we
repeated
earlier
studies
by
stratified
random
sampling
(1
×
1
m
2
,
n
=
3)
along
sublittoral
depth
transect
(0,
2.5,
5,
10,
15
m)
investigated
lower
limits
dominant
brown
algae
between
3
19
m.
maximum
fresh
weight
(FW)
all
seaweeds
was
11.5
kg
−2
2.5
99.9%
constituted
kelp.
Although
distribution
not
significantly
different
compared
2012/2013,
digitate
kelp
community
(
Laminaria
digitata
/
Hedophyllum
nigripes
)
had
transformed
into
an
Alaria
esculenta
‐dominated
forest.
Consequently,
pronounced
shift
forest
structure
occurred
time
as
demonstrate
that
allocation
thallus
parts
species‐specific.
Over
past
decade,
demography
changed
balanced
age
kelps
(juveniles
plus
older
individuals)
only
apparent
addition,
abundances
declined
noticeably
last
25
years
red
algal
flora
abundance
remained
unchanged
depth.
We
propose
major
factor
driving
observed
are
alterations
underwater
light
climate,
situ
data
showed
increasing
turbidity
decreasing
irradiance
since
2012
2017,
respectively.
As
consequence,
interplay
retreat
levels
caused
coastal
darkening
gain
with
temperatures
will
possibly
intensify
future
unforeseen
consequences
for
melting
coasts
fjord
ecosystem
services.
Язык: Английский
Climate-driven changes in underwater irradiance and primary productivity in an Antarctic fjord (Potter Cove, Western Antarctic Peninsula)
The Science of The Total Environment,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
960, С. 178249 - 178249
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025
Язык: Английский
Differential effects of warming on carbon budget, photosynthetic yield and biochemical composition of cold-temperate and Arctic isolates of Laminaria digitata (Phaeophyceae)
Journal of Plant Physiology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
306, С. 154436 - 154436
Опубликована: Янв. 22, 2025
Cold-temperate
and
Arctic
hard
bottom
coastal
ecosystems
are
dominated
by
kelp
forests,
which
have
a
high
biomass
production
provide
important
ecosystem
services,
but
subject
to
change
due
ocean
warming.
However,
the
photophysiological
response
increasing
temperature
of
ecologically
relevant
species,
such
as
Laminaria
digitata,
might
depend
on
local
thermal
environment
where
population
has
developed.
Therefore,
effects
growth
rate,
biochemical
composition,
maximum
quantum
yield,
photosynthetic
quotient
carbon
budget
young
cultured
sporophytes
digitata
from
at
Spitsbergen
(SPT;
4,
10
16
°C)
cold-temperate
North
Sea
island
Helgoland
(HLG;
10,
22
were
comparatively
analyzed.
Temperature
significantly
affected
rates
L.
SPT
HLG,
with
highest
occurring
°C,
did
not
differ
between
both
isolates
neither
°C
nor
°C.
Nevertheless,
yield
fixation
rate
4
for
digitata.
Significantly
higher
oxygen
observed
in
relative
Artic
respectively.
Neither
biogeographic
region
origin
quotient,
release
dissolved
or
particulate
organic
carbon.
Total
mannitol
content
compared
revealing
an
increased
accumulation
storage
compounds
latitude
We
conclude
that
HLG
their
sensitivity
temperatures
is
likely
benefit
warming,
while
temperate
will
be
negatively
further
increases
ambient
temperature.
Язык: Английский
Tracing Macroalgal‐Induced Changes in Carbon Dynamics of High‐Arctic Fjords Using Biomarker Fingerprinting
Journal of Geophysical Research Oceans,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
130(4)
Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025
Abstract
Due
to
rising
seawater
temperatures
and
reduced
sea
ice
extent,
the
coastal
Arctic
region
is
witnessing
an
expansion
of
macroalgal
forests.
However,
changes
in
carbon
dynamics
resulting
from
such
extensive
growth
are
still
unknown
high‐Arctic
fjords.
To
trace
signatures
fjords,
bulk
C‐isotopic
compound‐specific
n
‐alkane
distributions
were
studied
dominant
macroalgae
(brown,
red,
green)
(
=
20)
also
surface
sediments
13)
inner
outer
regions
Kongsfjorden
(Svalbard).
The
species
shows
variable
signature
(−17.0‰
−28.9‰)
but
similar
distribution
long‐chain
‐alkanes
(>
‐C
23
)
with
no
predominance
homologs,
supporting
environmental
induced
‐alkyl
lipid
production
compared
biomass.
Despite
grain
size
mineral
composition
fjord
sediments,
differences
indicate
contribution
organic
matter
different
sources.
In
middle
region,
(−23.3
±
1.1‰
−23.4
1.3‰)
short‐to
highlight
possible
mixing
phytoplankton,
macroalgal‐debris,
terrestrial
While,
fjord,
significantly
lower
δ
13
C
values
(−25.6
0.9‰)
communities
suggest
accumulation
possibly
sourced
reworking
macroalgal‐debris.
High
sedimentation
microbial
breakdown
debris
create
a
low‐oxygen
environment,
as
evidenced
by
higher
cyclic
octasulphur
compounds
region.
Under
future
warming
conditions,
oxygen‐starved
fjords
may
become
more
common
forests
expand
sediment
influx
increases.
Язык: Английский
Acoustic mapping reveals macroalgal settlement following a retreating glacier front in the High Arctic
Frontiers in Marine Science,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
11
Опубликована: Сен. 10, 2024
Vegetated
coastal
marine
ecosystems
are
projected
to
expand
northwards
in
the
Arctic
due
climate
change,
but
mechanisms
for
this
expansion
complex
and
nuanced.
Macroalgal
biomass
littoral
areas
of
Svalbard
has
been
increasing,
data
at
glacier
fronts
very
scarce.
In
study,
we
use
hydroacoustics
video
validation
from
an
unmanned
surface
vehicle
survey
macroalgal
bed
distribution
along
coast
a
High
fjord
(Billefjorden,
Svalbard),
including
river
bays
land-
sea-
terminating
fronts,
as
well
oceanographic
measurements
indicate
physical
drivers
settlement.
We
found
high
variation
coverage
coastline,
with
virtually
no
macroalgae
abundant
little
terrestrial
runoff.
Furthermore,
presence
kelp
was
land-terminating
front
which
recently
retreated
sea,
suggests
potential
rapid
establishment
newly
available
substrate
following
glacial
retreat.
These
findings
suggest
large
ecological
implications
throughout
Arctic,
may
lead
significant
changes
underwater
landscape
ecosystem.
This
study
shows
that
remote
autonomous
vehicles
hydroacoustic
mapping
sustainable
efficient
monitoring.
Язык: Английский
Impact of climate change on the kelp Laminaria digitata – simulated Arctic winter warming
Frontiers in Marine Science,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
11
Опубликована: Ноя. 8, 2024
The
Arctic
is
seasonally
exposed
to
long
periods
of
low
temperatures
and
complete
darkness.
Consequently,
perennial
primary
producers
have
apply
strategies
maximize
energy
efficiency.
Global
warming
occurring
in
the
faster
than
rest
globe.
highest
amplitude
temperature
rise
occurs
during
Polar
Night.
To
determine
stress
resistance
ecosystem-engineering
kelp
Laminaria
digitata
against
winter
warming,
non-meristematic
discs
adult
sporophytes
from
Porsangerfjorden
(Finnmark,
Norway)
were
kept
total
darkness
at
0°C
5°C
over
a
period
three
months.
Physiological
variables,
namely
maximum
quantum
yield
photosynthesis
(F
v
/F
m
)
dry
weight,
as
well
underlying
biochemical
variables
including
pigments,
storage
carbohydrates,
carbon
nitrogen
monitored
throughout
experiment.
Although
all
samples
remained
generally
good
condition
with
F
values
above
0.6,
L.
performed
better
5°C.
Depletion
metabolic
products
resulted
constant
decrease
weight
time.
A
strong
mannitol
laminarin
was
observed,
greater
reductions
0°C.
However,
content
did
not
change,
indicating
that
suffering
“starvation
stress”
decline
also
observed
accessory
pigments
pool
xanthophyll
cycle
particularly
Our
results
indicate
has
more
active
metabolism,
but
lower
physiological
performance
higher
winter.
Obviously,
adapted
Night
conditions,
regardless
having
its
distributional
center
latitudes.
Despite
reduced
vitality
temperatures,
serious
populations
due
expected
for
near
future.
Язык: Английский
Run-off impacts on Arctic kelp holobionts have strong implications on ecosystem functioning and bioeconomy
Scientific Reports,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
14(1)
Опубликована: Дек. 16, 2024
Kelps
(Laminariales,
Phaeophyceae)
are
foundation
species
along
Arctic
rocky
shores,
providing
the
basis
for
complex
ecosystems
and
supporting
a
high
secondary
production.
Due
to
ongoing
climate
change
glacial
terrestrial
run-off
currently
accelerating,
drastically
changing
physical
chemical
water
column
parameters,
e.g.,
transparency
photosynthetically
active
radiation
or
dissolved
concentrations
of
(harmful)
elements.
We
investigated
performance
functioning
kelp
holobionts
in
response
gradients,
with
focus
on
effect
altered
element
column.
found
that
Saccharina
latissima
accumulates
harmful
elements
(e.g.,
cadmium,
mercury)
originating
from
coastal
run-off.
As
kelps
at
food
web,
this
might
lead
biomagnification,
potential
consequences
high-latitude
maricultures.
In
contrast,
biosorption
be
advantageous
monitoring
environmental
pollution
potentially
extracting
rare
earth
Further,
we
relative
abundances
several
kelp-associated
microbial
taxa
significantly
responded
increasing
influence,
ecosystem,
nutritional
value
elemental
cycling.
The
responses
changes
imply
cascading
ecological
economic
future
scenarios.
Язык: Английский
Marine heatwaves in the Subarctic and the effect of acute temperature change on the key grazer Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis (Echinoidea, Echinodermata)
ICES Journal of Marine Science,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Дек. 3, 2024
Abstract
Subarctic
fjord
systems
are
facing
a
continuous
temperature
increase
as
well
more
frequent
and
intense
marine
heatwaves
(MHWs).
MHWs
periods
of
exceptionally
high
temperatures
above
the
long-term
average.
In
Porsangerfjord
(Northern
Norway),
average
water
ranges
from
2.5°C
in
March
to
10°C
August.
frequently
exceed
summer
maximum
by
up
6°C
with
so
far
unknown
ecological
effects.
The
green
sea
urchin,
Strongylocentrotus
droebachiensis,
is
key
grazer
on
habitat-forming
kelp
systems.
At
abundances,
urchins
transform
productive
beds
through
pronounced
grazing
into
depleted
urchin
barrens.
laboratory
experiment,
we
investigated
influence
acute
change
activity
metabolic
performance
urchin.
Grazing
rates
increased
continuously
2
but
decreased
again
at
14°C.
22°C,
rapid
decay
were
associated
changes
energy
state
aerobiosis
anaerobiosis.
We
propose
two
scenarios:
Moderate
warming
might
lead
proliferation
population
pressure
forests,
while
extreme
warming,
predicted
end
century,
occurrence
MHWs,
may
severely
impair
and,
turn,
favour
adaptable
species.
Язык: Английский