Cumulative effects of human footprint, natural features and predation risk best predict seasonal resource selection by white-tailed deer

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 12(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 20, 2022

Abstract Land modified for human use alters matrix shape and composition is a leading contributor to global biodiversity loss. It can also play key role in facilitating range expansion ecosystem invasion by anthrophilic species, as it alter food abundance distribution while influencing predation risk; the relative roles of these processes are habitat selection theory. We researched influences examining footprint, natural habitat, predator occurrence on seasonal range-expanding boreal white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ) oil sands western Canada. hypothesized that polygonal industrial features (e.g. cutblocks, well sites) drive distributions sources early seral forage, linear e.g. roads, trails, seismic lines) associated with predators avoided deer. developed 2nd -order resource models from three years GPS-telemetry data, camera-trap-based model occurrence, landscape spatial data weigh evidence six competing hypotheses. Deer was best explained combination features, intact deciduous forest, wolf Canis lupus occurrence. strongly selected such roads despite potential increased risk encounters. Linear may attract providing high density forage opportunity heavily exploited landscapes, into north.

Язык: Английский

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Large carnivore response to human road use suggests a landscape of coexistence

Global Ecology and Conservation, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 30, С. e01772 - e01772

Опубликована: Авг. 24, 2021

Coexistence between humans and large carnivores may depend on carnivore adaptations to use developed landscapes while reducing human encounters. Roads are a widespread form of development that perceive as efficient travel routes or centers activity associated risk. We compared the spatio-temporal responses road with high-resolution tracking guild including American black bears (Ursus americanus), bobcats (Lynx rufus), coyotes (Canis latrans), wolves (C. lupus) in Michigan, USA. All selected for roads when traveling at night but avoided during day was greatest. Human explained 90% temporal variation across species, 3.2–3.7-fold increase times low which reduced overlap by 27–42%. Similar less pronounced changes occurred areas up 500 m from roads. Bears increased nocturnal more their home range, not coyotes. Despite diurnal farther roads, among high regardless proximity. Our results suggest were similar emphasized avoidance over other species. Further, we provide support can be diurnally active avoiding using However, primarily (e.g., bears) have strong proclivity wolves) likely require greater behavioral avoid humans. Behavioral allowing multiple species cross encouraging human-carnivore coexistence.

Язык: Английский

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Simultaneous monitoring of vegetation dynamics and wildlife activity with camera traps to assess habitat change

Remote Sensing in Ecology and Conservation, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 7(4), С. 666 - 684

Опубликована: Июнь 14, 2021

Abstract Vegetation phenology and productivity drive resource use by wildlife. dynamics also reveal patterns of habitat disturbance recovery. Monitoring these fine‐scale vegetation over large spatiotemporal extents can be difficult, but camera traps (CTs) commonly used to survey wildlife populations collect data on local conditions. We CTs (n = 73) from 2016 2019 assess impacts change in a boreal landscape northern Canada, where seismic lines for petroleum exploration disturbed prompted restoration efforts. First, we quantified CTs, comparing them satellite‐based estimates that are typically monitor at broad spatial scales. then understory estimated CT time‐lapse images recovery lines. Finally, related with the three species: sandhill cranes Grus canadensis , woodland caribou Rangifer tarandus white‐tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus . provided unique insight into were different signals measured satellites, temporally inconsistent even some negative correlations between satellite metrics. found indication had received treatment, more similar undisturbed than did not receive treatment. inferences about activity resources, which approaches using failed detect. Wildlife tracked phenology, always increase weekly, 16‐day, or annual intervals. Instead, associations depended species, temporal scale, Given widespread growing terrestrial wildlife, recommend their simultaneously conditions better understand mechanisms govern changing environments.

Язык: Английский

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Boreal predator co‐occurrences reveal shared use of seismic lines in a working landscape

Ecology and Evolution, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 10(3), С. 1678 - 1691

Опубликована: Янв. 30, 2020

Abstract Interspecific interactions are an integral aspect of ecosystem functioning that may be disrupted in increasingly anthropocentric world. Industrial landscape change creates a novel playing field on which these take place, and key question for wildlife managers is whether how species able to coexist such working landscapes. Using camera traps deployed northern Alberta, we surveyed boreal predators determine interspecific affected occurrences black bears ( Ursus americanus ), coyotes Canis latrans lynx Lynx canadensis ) within disturbed by networks seismic lines (corridors cut exploration oil gas reserves). We tested hypotheses across one spatial‐only two spatiotemporal (daily weekly) scales. Specifically, hypothesized (1) avoid competition with the apex predator, gray wolf lupus (2) they each other as intraguild competitors, (3) overlap their prey. All three overlapped wolves at least scale, although models daily weekly scale had substantial unexplained variance. None showed avoidance competitors or These results show patterns predator space use consistent both facilitative shared responses unmeasured ecological cues. Our study provides insight into relation other, highlights management indirectly influence multiple through interactions.

Язык: Английский

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Evaluating the temporal and spatio-temporal niche partitioning between carnivores by different analytical method in northeastern Japan

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 12(1)

Опубликована: Июль 14, 2022

Temporal and spatio-temporal niche partitioning is an important strategy for carnivore coexistence. Camera-trap data has been analyzed through several methods to assess the temporal partitioning. However, different analytical approaches used may evaluate detect results. In this study, we evaluated or among sympatric medium-sized carnivores, red foxes, raccoon dogs, Japanese martens, based on three methods-the overlap, co-occurrence, time-to-encounter analysis-to evaluate. From May October 2019 2020, obtained activity of target species using camera-traps in northeastern Japan. We with coefficient probabilistic co-occurrence analysis, checkerboard score, multi-response permutation procedures. The results assessment differed depending Therefore, conclude that choice approach evaluating

Язык: Английский

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Ungulate occurrence in forest harvest blocks is influenced by forage availability, surrounding habitat and silviculture practices

Ecological Solutions and Evidence, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 4(2)

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2023

Abstract Forest harvesting causes habitat loss and alteration can change predator–prey dynamics. In Canada, forest has shifted the distribution abundance of ungulates (deer, elk moose) that prefer early seral forest, resulting in unsustainable caribou predation by shared predators (bears, cougars wolves). Long‐term solutions for recovery require management to reduce ungulate prey species within ranges. Silviculture practices applied after directly affect amount forage available harvested areas, therefore influence distribution, but few studies have completed detailed assessments on how specific treatments site preparation, planting stand tending use harvest blocks. We used camera traps, silviculture data, GIS‐derived disturbance vegetation data collected at field sites investigate occurrence blocks west‐central Alberta, Canada. compared seasonal investigated site‐specific characteristics, surrounding density, fine‐scale influenced Deer, moose was higher summer winter. Elk, white‐tailed deer with greater availability species. Moose a lower road density area, further from seismic lines proportion area. younger Mule densities lodgepole pine, mule also had been tended. Our study provides information response methods linking wildlife forestry practices, providing practical scientific inform sustainable forestry. Translating this research into landscape decisions could benefit boreal biodiversity, including threatened like caribou, culturally economically important deer, moose.

Язык: Английский

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Effects of resource availability and interspecific interactions on Arctic and red foxes' winter use of ungulate carrion in the Fennoscandian low‐Arctic tundra

Ecology and Evolution, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(4)

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2024

Abstract In the Arctic tundra, predators face recurrent periods of food scarcity and often turn to ungulate carcasses as an alternative source. As important localized resource patches, carrion promotes co‐occurrence different individuals, its use by is likely be affected interspecific competition. We studied how competition availability impact winter red foxes in low Fennoscandia. predicted that presence limits foxes' carrion, depends on other resources. monitored fox at supp lied using camera traps. From 2006 2021, between 16 20 cameras were active for 2 months late (288 camera‐winters). Using a multi‐species dynamic occupancy model week‐to‐week scale, we evaluated while accounting competitors, rodent availability, supplemental feeding provided foxes. Competition increasing both species' probability leave occupied consecutive weeks. This increase was similar two species, suggesting symmetrical avoidance. Increased abundance associated with higher colonizing sites species. For foxes, however, this only observed unoccupied showing greater avoidance when preys are available. Supplementary increased use, regardless presence. Contrary expectations, did not find strong signs asymmetric winter, which suggests interactions resources short time scale necessarily aligned population. addition, found resources, depend ecological context.

Язык: Английский

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Assessing the impacts of recreation on the spatial and temporal activity of mammals in an isolated alpine protected area

Ecology and Evolution, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(11)

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2023

The management objectives of many protected areas must meet the dual mandates protecting biodiversity while providing recreational opportunities. It is difficult to balance these because it takes considerable effort monitor both status and impacts recreation. Using detections from 45 camera traps deployed between July 2019 September 2021, we assessed potential recreation on spatial temporal activity for 8 medium- large-bodied terrestrial mammals in an isolated alpine area: Cathedral Provincial Park, British Columbia, Canada. We hypothesised that some wildlife perceive a level threat people, such they avoid 'risky times' or places' associated with human activity. Other species may benefit associating be through access anthropogenic resource subsidies filtering competitors/predators are more human-averse (i.e., shield hypothesis). Specifically, predicted large carnivores would show greatest segregation people mesocarnivores ungulates associate spatially people. found co-occurrence recreation, consistent hypothesis, but did not see negative relationship larger humans, except coyotes (Canis latrans). Temporally, all other than cougars (Puma concolor) had diel patterns significantly different recreationists, suggesting displacement niche. Wolves lupus) mountain goats (Oreamnos americanus) showed shifts away trails relative off-trail areas, further evidence displacement. Our results highlight importance monitoring interactions activities communities, order ensure effectiveness era increasing impacts.

Язык: Английский

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Grey wolves (Canis lupus) shift selection of anthropogenic landscape features following predator control in the Nearctic boreal forest

Biological Conservation, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 296, С. 110677 - 110677

Опубликована: Июнь 15, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Mixed evidence for disturbance‐mediated apparent competition for declining caribou in western British Columbia, Canada

Journal of Wildlife Management, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Май 19, 2025

Abstract Understanding causal mechanisms of decline for species at risk is critical effective conservation. Caribou ( Rangifer tarandus ) face threats from habitat loss and degradation due to human activities, many caribou populations across Canada have experienced dramatic declines in recent decades. Disturbance‐mediated apparent competition (DMAC) has been implicated these declines, but its generality questioned, particularly low‐productivity ranges. The DMAC hypothesis leads the following predictions: 1) a vegetation productivity pulse after disturbance, 2) primary ungulate prey attraction disturbed areas, 3) predator 4) increased predation overlapping use with predators. We tested predictions declining Itcha‐Ilgachuz population, located Chilcotin Plateau region west‐central British Columbia, Canada. used remotely sensed index examine recovery patterns disturbance camera traps Bayesian mixed effects negative binomial regression models estimate responses prey, predator, relative abundance landscape disturbances <40 years old, interacting species, other features. identified harvested burnt forest patches, overall was lower than ranges where occurs. Primary moose Alces alces mule deer Odocoileus hemionus ), showed strong positive areas weak forest. For predators, wolves Canis lupus black bears Ursus americanus grizzly arctos were positively associated while coyotes latrans lynx Lynx canadensis more strongly snowshoe hare Lepus wolverines Gulo gulo not any focal species. Wolves, bears, coyotes, responded burned areas. did reduced forests or burns, potentially increasing their overlap Overall, we found support stronger evidence pathway mediated by fire, rather harvest. recommend further research action on wildfire management this including monitoring population trends response management. Our results emphasize context‐dependency underscore need population‐specific knowledge effectively conserve threatened

Язык: Английский

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