Global Ecology and Conservation,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
54, С. e03100 - e03100
Опубликована: Июль 27, 2024
Anthropization
affects
wildlife
feeding
behavior
due
to
changes
in
resource
availability
related
land
use
and
cover
change.
To
better
understand
the
ecological
responses
of
towards
anthropogenic
change,
it
is
essential
evaluate
whether
human
use,
characterized
by
high
human-modified
food
availability,
has
an
impact
on
ecology.
The
chacma
baboon
(Papio
ursinus)
interesting
study
subject
for
potential
diet
as
largely
present
along
a
gradient
anthropized
areas
Southern
Africa.
In
this
study,
fecal
samples
from
troops
were
collected
different
habitats
with
distinct
uses
(peri-urban,
agricultural
natural
forest
habitat)
Garden
Route,
South
Africa,
their
carbon
(δ13C)
nitrogen
(δ15N)
isotopic
ratios
measured.
Results
showed
significant
differences
between
δ15N
according
suggesting
shift
higher
protein
intake
influence
comparison
habitats.
large
majority
reflected
C3
ecosystem
Route
region,
exception
some
peri-urban
showing
δ13C
ratios,
which
could
be
associated
consumption
foods
(e.g.
sugar
or
corn).
increase,
well
sources
C4
plants
diets
areas,
suggest
dietary
species
transformed
landscapes.
future,
will
determine
how
affect
health
fitness
baboons.
Abstract
In
the
past
decade,
studies
have
demonstrated
that
urban
and
nonurban
wildlife
populations
exhibit
differences
in
foraging
behavior
diet.
However,
little
is
known
about
how
environmental
heterogeneity
shapes
dietary
variation
of
organisms
within
cities.
We
examined
vertebrate
prey
components
diets
coyotes
(
Canis
latrans
)
San
Francisco
to
quantify
territory‐
individual‐level
determine
within‐city
land
cover
use
affects
coyote
genotyped
fecal
samples
for
individual
identification
used
DNA
metabarcoding
diet
composition
niche
differentiation.
The
highest
contributor
overall
was
anthropogenic
food
followed
by
small
mammals.
most
frequently
detected
species
were
domestic
chicken,
pocket
gopher
Thomomys
bottae
),
pig,
raccoon
Procyon
lotor
).
Diet
varied
significantly
across
territories
among
individuals,
with
explaining
variation.
Within
(i.e.,
family
groups),
amount
attributed
among‐individual
increased
green
space
decreased
impervious
surface
cover.
quantity
scats
also
positively
correlated
cover,
suggesting
consumed
more
human
urbanized
territories.
invasive,
human‐commensal
rodents
number
services
a
territory.
Overall,
our
results
revealed
substantial
intraspecific
associated
landscape
point
diversifying
effect
urbanization
on
population
Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
15(5)
Опубликована: Апрель 20, 2023
Abstract
Synanthropic
behavior,
i.e.,
the
behavior
of
wild
animals
that
benefit
from
a
shared
ecology
with
humans,
has
existed
long
before
sedentarization
Homo
sapiens
during
Neolithic,
around
10,000
years
ago.
This
study
describes
and
discusses
concept
an
older
animal-human
relationship:
paleo-synanthropic
associated
niche.
Key
features
this
new
niche
are
anthropogenic
food
waste
mobile
hunter-gatherers
as
stable
base
for
small
opportunistic
scavengers
human-near
environment
safe
large
predators.
By
linking
to
human
rather
than
specific
location
or
structure,
was
accessible
time,
even
in
Late
Pleistocene.
Like
modern
synanthropic
animals,
members
experienced
increase
population
density
decrease
home
range.
This,
turn,
made
it
easier
humans
capture
these
use
them
resources
meat,
fur,
feathers,
seen
zooarchaeological
record
many
European
Pleistocene
sites.
As
disadvantage,
diseases
such
zoonoses
may
have
spread
more
easily.
Ecology and Evolution,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
10(16), С. 8855 - 8870
Опубликована: Июль 17, 2020
Abstract
Some
carnivores
are
known
to
survive
well
in
urban
habitats,
yet
the
underlying
behavioral
tactics
poorly
understood.
One
likely
explanation
for
success
habitats
might
be
that
generalist
consumers.
However,
populations
of
could
as
consist
specialist
feeders.
Here,
we
compared
isotopic
specialization
red
foxes
and
rural
environments,
using
both
a
population
an
individual
level
perspective.
We
measured
stable
isotope
ratios
increments
fox
whiskers
potential
food
sources.
Our
results
reveal
have
broad
dietary
niche
large
variation
resource
use.
Despite
this
variation,
found
significant
differences
between
variance
δ
13
C
15
N
values,
suggesting
habitat‐specific
foraging
behavior.
Although
regions
more
heterogeneous
regarding
land
cover
(based
on
Shannon
index)
than
regions,
range
was
smaller
with
conspecifics.
Moreover,
higher
values
lower
suggest
relatively
high
input
anthropogenic
The
diet
most
individuals
remained
largely
constant
over
longer
period.
low
intraindividual
variability
suggests
proportion
items
consumed
by
individuals.
Urban
utilized
small
potentially
available
indicated
within‐individual
between‐individual
variation.
conclude
specialists
at
least
those
periods
covered
our
study.
Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
289(1970)
Опубликована: Март 2, 2022
Predation
is
a
fundamental
ecological
process
that
shapes
communities
and
drives
evolutionary
dynamics.
As
the
world
rapidly
urbanizes,
it
critical
to
understand
how
human
perturbations
alter
predation
meat
consumption
across
taxa.
We
conducted
meta-analysis
quantify
effects
of
urban
environments
on
three
components
trophic
ecology
in
predators:
dietary
species
richness,
evenness
stable
isotopic
ratios
(IRs)
(
δ
13
C
15
N
IR).
evaluated
whether
intensity
anthropogenic
pressure,
using
footprint
index
(HFI),
explained
variation
effect
sizes
attributes
meta-regression.
calculated
Hedges’
g
from
44
studies
including
11
986
samples
40
predatory
39
cities
globally.
The
direction
magnitude
varied
among
predator
taxa
with
reptilian
diets
exhibiting
most
sensitivity
urbanization.
Effect
revealed
predators
had
comparable
diet
nitrogen
ratios,
though
carbon
IRs
were
more
enriched
cities.
found
neither
1993
nor
2009
HFI
editions
size
variation.
Our
study
provides,
our
knowledge,
first
assessment
urbanization
has
perturbed
predator–prey
interactions
for
multiple
at
global
scale.
conclude
functional
role
conserved
does
not
inherently
relax
predation,
despite
broadening
include
food
sources
such
as
sugar,
wheat
corn.
Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
98(5), С. 1530 - 1547
Опубликована: Апрель 18, 2023
ABSTRACT
Urban
ecology
is
a
rapidly
growing
research
field
that
has
to
keep
pace
with
the
pressing
need
tackle
sustainability
crisis.
As
an
inherently
multi‐disciplinary
close
ties
practitioners
and
administrators,
synthesis
knowledge
transfer
between
those
different
stakeholders
crucial.
Knowledge
maps
can
enhance
provide
orientation
researchers
as
well
practitioners.
A
promising
option
for
developing
such
create
hypothesis
networks,
which
structure
existing
hypotheses
aggregate
them
according
topics
aims.
Combining
expert
information
from
literature,
we
here
identify
62
used
in
urban
link
network.
Our
network
clusters
into
four
distinct
themes:
(
i
)
species
traits
&
evolution,
ii
biotic
communities,
iii
habitats
iv
ecosystems.
We
discuss
potentials
limitations
of
this
approach.
All
openly
provided
part
extendable
Wikidata
project,
invite
researchers,
others
interested
contribute
additional
hypotheses,
comment
add
ones.
The
project
form
first
step
towards
base
ecology,
be
expanded
curated
benefit
both
researchers.
Arctic Science,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
10(2), С. 372 - 385
Опубликована: Янв. 12, 2024
Arctic
char
(
Salvelinus
alpinus)
is
a
salmonid
fish
that
the
second-most
consumed
country
food
species
by
Nunavimmiut.
Its
nutritional
quality
determined
omega-3
fatty
acids
and
carotenoid
pigments.
Those
molecules
cannot
be
synthetized
must
acquired
through
diet.
We
sampled
in
10
rivers
from
three
marine
coastal
regions
of
Nunavik
(Hudson
Bay,
Hudson
Strait,
Ungava
Bay),
described
diet
(stable
isotopes
δ
13
C
15
N)
flesh
(fatty
carotenoids,
measured
chromatography)
assessed
associations
between
both
(including
also
bio-impedance
colorimetry).
Our
results
suggested
inter-regional
differences
Nunavik,
where
values
indicated
Bay
was
more
pelagic,
while
it
coastal.
observed
astaxanthin,
pigment
responsible
for
redness
color,
concentrations
were
highest
char.
In
all
sampling
locations,
an
exceptional
source
confirming
its
importance
as
high-quality
wild
food.
models
suggest
canthaxanthin,
water
content
influence
redness.
data
highlight
could
taken
consideration
to
better
predict
impact
climate
change
on
and,
ultimately,
Inuit
health.
Ecology and Evolution,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
15(3)
Опубликована: Фев. 28, 2025
ABSTRACT
Dietary
analyses
utilising
visual
methods
to
identify
stomach
and
faecal
contents
have
shown
that
urban
red
foxes
(
Vulpes
vulpes
)
in
Britain
consume
human‐derived
(anthropogenic)
food
varying
degrees.
Anthropogenic
foods
been
implicated
poor
health
outcomes
for
synanthropic
species
them;
therefore,
it
is
important
examine
the
degree
of
such
British
fox
diet.
We
analysed
carbon
(δ
13
C)
nitrogen
15
N)
stable
isotope
ratios
whiskers
collected
from
93
across
determine:
(1)
if
analysis
(SIA)
distinguished
a
difference
δ
C
N
between
rural
foxes,
whether
any
was
suggestive
anthropogenic
use;
(2)
proportion
consumption
compared
using
Bayesian
mixing
model;
(3)
sex,
age
or
season
collection
influenced
diet
as
assessed
by
SIA,
relation
use.
found
following:
significantly
different
foxes;
demonstrated
higher
lower
N,
pattern
consistent
with
consumption.
Food
provided
either
directly
indirectly
humans
contributed
an
estimated
34.6%
approximately
6%
Across
combined,
there
were
significant
isotopic
differences
males
females,
females
demonstrating
C.
(4)
No
subadults
adults
observed.
(5)
Season
did
not
influence
on
despite
winter
highest
lowest
seasonal
means.
Potential
negative
are
likely
disproportionately
impact
more
than
urban‐dwelling
foxes.
Ecology and Evolution,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
15(3)
Опубликована: Март 1, 2025
ABSTRACT
Urbanisation
critically
alters
the
availability
of
resources
and
nature
risks
for
wildlife
by
fragmenting
natural
habitats
disrupting
ecosystems.
Despite
these
challenges,
carnivores
frequently
persist
in
around
urban
environments,
where
novel
opportunities,
such
as
anthropogenic
food,
may
outweigh
associated
ecological
risks.
Here,
we
investigate
responses
an
adapter
to
resources,
using
stable
isotope
analysis
vibrissae
(whiskers)
understand
spatiotemporal
foraging
patterns
caracals
(
Caracal
caracal
)
on
fringes
city
Cape
Town,
South
Africa.
Caracals
are
medium‐sized
felids
largest
remaining
predators
Peninsula.
Using
isotopic
niche
metrics
home
range
estimates,
assess
effects
demographics,
seasonality,
urbanisation
variation
individual
behaviour
from
GPS‐collar
monitored
n
=
28)
across
gradient.
a
wide
at
population
level,
observed
high
levels
specialisation.
Adult
male
niches
were
wider,
likely
due
larger
ranges,
which
facilitate
exploitation
diverse
prey
trophic
levels.
Patterns
δ
13
C
seasonal,
with
increases
during
warmer,
drier
summer
months
Peninsula
irrespective
habitat
use.
Taken
together
contraction
areas,
our
findings
suggest
higher
reliance
human‐subsidised
summer.
areas
dominated
wildland
cover
had
15
N
values
than
those
urban‐dominated
areas.
Across
study
area,
varied
spatially,
increased
enrichment
more
coastal
wetland
prey,
particularly
winter.
Individual
flexibility
is
clearly
key
strategy
their
success
this
rapidly
transforming
landscape.
Understanding
shifts
dietary
ecology
adaptable
carnivores,
like
caracals,
fundamental
understanding
needs
growing
cities.