Forest microclimate and composition mediate long‐term trends of breeding bird populations

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 28(21), С. 6180 - 6193

Опубликована: Сен. 6, 2022

Abstract Climate change is contributing to biodiversity redistributions and species declines. However, cooler microclimate conditions provided by old‐growth forest structures compared with surrounding open or younger forests have been hypothesized provide thermal refugia for that are sensitive climate warming dampen the negative effects of on population trends animals (i.e., buffering hypothesis ). In addition refugia, compositional structural diversity vegetation itself may resources less available in simpler structure insurance We used 8 years breeding bird abundance data from a forested watershed, accompanied sub‐canopy temperature data, ground‐ LiDAR‐based test these hypotheses identify factors influencing changes 2011 2018. After accounting imperfect detection, we found 5 20 analyzed, tended be neutral at sites microclimates, which supports . Negative two were also reduced locations greater supporting first empirical evidence complex confer microclimatic advantages some animal populations face change. Conservation forests, their characteristics managed could help slow via possibly effects.

Язык: Английский

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Breeding failures and reduced nest attendance in response to heat stress in a high-latitude seabird

Marine Ecology Progress Series, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 737, С. 147 - 160

Опубликована: Янв. 11, 2023

Climate change research on seabirds has so far focused mainly indirect effects acting via impacts at lower trophic levels. However, that breed in exposed sites may also be vulnerable to direct from extreme weather events such as heatwaves, which are projected increase both severity and frequency with climate change. Yet there relatively few field studies of how breeding respond heatwaves. Here, we used video footage a colony common guillemots Uria aalge the Baltic Sea over 4 consecutive seasons (2019-2022) explore responses air temperature sun exposure. We found positive relationship between 2 thermoregulatory behaviours: panting postural changes. In addition, show temperatures increase, partners spend less time together colony. At highest temperatures, some birds even temporarily abandon their eggs chicks. Of 48 failures recorded seasons, documented 13 cases directly associated heat stress (corresponding ca. 9% all 150 attempts recorded); 11 these occurred during periods sunshine particularly high 2020 2022. Using larger data set (>500 12 seasons), identified clear probability egg loss higher temperatures. As such, heatwaves could have important demographic consequences populations, especially continue magnitude.

Язык: Английский

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Evolutionary trade-offs between heat and cold tolerance limit responses to fluctuating climates

Science Advances, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 8(21)

Опубликована: Май 27, 2022

The evolutionary potential of species to cope with short-term temperature fluctuations during reproduction is critical predicting responses future climate change. Despite this, vertebrate research has focused on under high or low temperatures in relatively stable temperate climates. Here, we characterize the genetic basis reproductive thermal tolerance ostrich, which lives variable environments tropical and subtropical Africa. Both heat cold were selection heritable, indicating for mean However, found evidence a negative, correlation between that should limit adaptation fluctuating temperatures. Genetic constraints appear crucial, yet underappreciated, factor influencing

Язык: Английский

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Limited heat tolerance in a cold-adapted seabird: implications of a warming Arctic

Journal of Experimental Biology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 224(13)

Опубликована: Июль 1, 2021

ABSTRACT The Arctic is warming at approximately twice the global rate, with well-documented indirect effects on wildlife. However, few studies have examined direct of temperatures wildlife, leaving importance heat stress unclear. Here, we assessed increasing air physiology thick-billed murres (Uria lomvia), an seabird reported mortalities due to while nesting sun-exposed cliffs. We used flow-through respirometry measure response body temperature, resting metabolic evaporative water loss and cooling efficiency (the ratio production) in experimentally temperature. Murres had limited tolerance, exhibiting: (1) a low maximum temperature (43.3°C); (2) moderate increase rate relative that within their thermoneutral zone (1.57 times); (3) small (1.26 (4) (0.33). Moreover, decreased suggesting were producing faster than they dissipating it. Larger also higher lower smaller murres; therefore, declined mass. As cold-adapted bird, murres' tolerance likely explains mortality warm days. Direct overheating wildlife may be important but under-reported impact climate change.

Язык: Английский

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Limited heat tolerance in an Arctic passerine: Thermoregulatory implications for cold‐specialized birds in a rapidly warming world

Ecology and Evolution, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 11(4), С. 1609 - 1619

Опубликована: Янв. 17, 2021

Abstract Arctic animals inhabit some of the coldest environments on planet and have evolved physiological mechanisms for minimizing heat loss under extreme cold. However, is warming faster than global average how well tolerate even moderately high air temperatures ( T a ) unknown. Using flow‐through respirometry, we investigated tolerance evaporative cooling capacity snow buntings Plectrophenax nivalis ; ≈31 g, N = 42), cold specialist, songbird. We exposed to increasing measured body temperature b ), resting metabolic rate (RMR), rates water (EWL), efficiency (the ratio production). Buntings had an (± SD 41.3 ± 0.2°C at thermoneutral increased maximum 43.5 0.3°C. started panting 33.2 1.7°C, with rapid increases in EWL starting 34.6°C, meaning they experienced stress when were below their temperature. Maximum only 2.9× baseline , markedly lower increase seen more heat‐tolerant arid‐zone species (e.g., ≥4.7× rates). Heat‐stressed also low efficiencies, 95% individuals unable evaporatively dissipate amount equivalent own production. Our results suggest that buntings’ well‐developed may come cost reduced tolerance. As warms, this other experience periods stress, limited force birds increasingly rely behavioral thermoregulation, such as activity, expense diminished performance or reproductive investment.

Язык: Английский

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Rising Temperatures Advance Start and End of the Breeding Season of an Alpine Bird

Ecology and Evolution, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(2)

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Many bird species have advanced the start of breeding season as a response to climate change. The duration and how it is affected by change are far less studied but important for re‐nesting potential. Re‐nesting includes both replacement failed attempt or successfully multiple times within one can therefore impact fitness. Some profit from an earlier through higher potential, whereas other also advance end conditions deteriorate. Here, we explored temperature, precipitation, snow influence start, end, cold‐adapted high‐elevation songbird. We fitted generalized additive models with more than 12,000 citizen science observations white‐winged snowfinches ( Montifringilla nivalis ) estimate phenology between 2006 2021. Our results indicate that prebreeding temperatures reduced April precipitation were associated breeding. However, later during shortened season. Despite adjusting timing reproduction prevailing environmental conditions, average increased over 16‐year study period. Therefore, need move elevations in order track thermal conditions. This highlights complex relationship illustrates much currently changing species.

Язык: Английский

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Risk of mortality and maternal status are key determinants of the dynamic use of cover by moose in a landscape characterized by forest harvesting

Oecologia, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 207(4)

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Combined threats of climate change and contaminant exposure through the lens of bioenergetics

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 29(18), С. 5139 - 5168

Опубликована: Июнь 28, 2023

Organisms face energetic challenges of climate change in combination with suites natural and anthropogenic stressors. In particular, chemical contaminant exposure has neurotoxic, endocrine-disrupting, behavioral effects which may additively or interactively combine associated change. We used a literature review across animal taxa classes, but focused on Arctic endotherms contaminants important ecosystems, to demonstrate potential for interactive five bioenergetic domains: (1) energy supply, (2) demand, (3) storage, (4) allocation tradeoffs, (5) management strategies; involving four change-sensitive environmental stressors: changes resource availability, temperature, predation risk, parasitism. Identified examples included relatively equal numbers synergistic antagonistic interactions. Synergies are often suggested be particularly problematic, since they magnify biological effects. However, we emphasize that traits can equally reflect dampening beneficial responses result negative fitness. Our also highlights empirical demonstrations remain limited, especially endotherms. Elucidating the nature change-by-contaminant will build toward determining overall outcomes balance Progressing determine critical species, life stages, target areas transformative arise aid forecasting broad-scale under global scenarios.

Язык: Английский

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Heat tolerance limits of Mediterranean songbirds and their current and future vulnerabilities to temperature extremes

Journal of Experimental Biology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 225(23)

Опубликована: Ноя. 21, 2022

ABSTRACT Songbirds are one of the groups most vulnerable to extreme heat events. Although several recent studies have assessed their physiological responses heat, them focused solely on arid-zone species. We investigated thermoregulatory in eight small-sized songbirds occurring Mediterranean Basin, where heatwaves becoming more frequent and intense. Specifically, we determined tolerance limits (HTLs) evaporative cooling efficiency, evaluated current future vulnerabilities southwestern Iberia, a climate warming hotspot. To do this, exposed birds an increasing profile air temperatures (Ta) measured resting metabolic rate (RMR), water loss (EWL), efficiency (the ratio between production) body temperature (Tb). HTL ranged 40 46°C across species, all species showed rapid increases RMR, EWL Tb response Ta. However, only crested lark (Galerida cristata) achieved greater than 1. The studied currently experience summer Ta maxima that surpass upper critical thermoneutral zone even HTL. Our estimates indicate five will moderate risk lethal dehydration by end century. argue limited make particularly heatwaves, which be exacerbated under change scenarios.

Язык: Английский

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Keystone seabird may face thermoregulatory challenges in a warming Arctic

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Окт. 4, 2023

Abstract Climate change affects the Arctic more than any other region, resulting in evolving weather, vanishing sea ice and altered biochemical cycling, which may increase biotic exposure to chemical pollution. We tested thermoregulatory impacts of these changes on most abundant seabird, little auk ( Alle alle ). This small diving species uses ice-habitats for foraging zooplankton resting. equipped eight auks with 3D accelerometers monitor behavior, ingested temperature recorders measure body (T b also recorded weather conditions, collected blood assess mercury (Hg) contamination. There were nonlinear relationships between time engaged different behaviors T . increased ice, following declines while polar waters, but changed when birds resting water. flying, decreased at colony after being elevated during flight. Weather not Hg contamination, affected However, given our sample size, further research regarding effects is warranted. Results suggest that varies behavior loss due global warming cause energic challenges trips sea.

Язык: Английский

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