The economics of brain size evolution in vertebrates
Current Biology,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
32(12), С. R697 - R708
Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2022
Язык: Английский
Sexual Dimorphism in the Limb Bones of Asiatic Toad (Bufo gargarizans) in Relation to Sexual Selection
Animals,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
13(16), С. 2638 - 2638
Опубликована: Авг. 16, 2023
Sexual
dimorphism
is
often
considered
to
be
the
result
of
differences
in
intensity
sexual
selection
between
sexes.
From
this
point
view,
limb
bones
Bufo
gargarizans
southwest
China
was
studied.
Results
showed
that
fore-
and
hindlimb
skeletons
species
were
sexually
dimorphic
anatomy.
The
humerus,
radioulna,
total
lengths
forelimb
skeleton
males
substantially
longer
than
those
females,
but
hand
length
smaller
females.
Several
other
features
males,
such
as
deltoid
medial
crest
areas
humerus
radioulnar
weights,
also
significantly
larger
femoris,
tibiofibula,
talus–calcaneus,
foot
lengths;
length;
femoral
upper
greater
However,
no
significant
intersexual
difference
femoris
tibiofibular
weights
observed.
These
findings
suggested
robust
long
could
contribute
mating
success
males;
if
so,
promotes
evolution
size
shape
B.
gargarizans.
Язык: Английский
Counter-gradient variation and the expensive tissue hypothesis explain parallel brain size reductions at high elevation in cricetid and murid rodents
Scientific Reports,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
13(1)
Опубликована: Апрель 6, 2023
To
better
understand
functional
morphological
adaptations
to
high
elevation
(>
3000
m
above
sea
level)
life
in
both
North
American
and
African
mountain-associated
rodents,
we
used
microCT
scanning
acquire
3D
images
a
morphometric
approach
calculate
endocranial
volumes
skull
lengths.
This
was
done
on
113
crania
of
low-elevation
high-elevation
populations
species
cricetid
mice
(two
Peromyscus
species,
n
=
53),
murid
rodents
two
tribes,
Otomyini
(five
49)
Praomyini
(four
11).
We
tested
distinct
hypotheses
for
how
volume
might
vary
populations:
the
expensive
tissue
hypothesis,
which
predicts
that
brain
will
be
reduced
lessen
costs
growing
maintaining
large
brain;
brain-swelling
increased
either
as
direct
phenotypic
effect
or
an
adaptation
accommodate
swelling
thus
minimize
pathological
symptoms
altitude
sickness.
After
correcting
general
allometric
variation
cranial
size,
found
laminate-toothed
(Otomys)
rats,
highland
had
smaller
than
lower-elevation
consistent
with
hypothesis.
In
former
group,
mice,
were
obtained
not
just
from
wild-caught
low
elevations
but
also
those
bred
common-garden
laboratory
conditions
parents
caught
elevations.
Our
results
these
showed
size
responses
have
strong
genetic
basis,
counters
opposite
weaker
environmental
volume.
These
potentially
suggest
selection
may
act
reduce
across
small
mammals
at
further
experiments
are
needed
assess
generality
this
conclusion
nature
underlying
mechanisms.
Язык: Английский
Brain size variation along altitudinal gradients in the Asiatic Toad (Bufo gargarizans)
Ecology and Evolution,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
11(7), С. 3015 - 3027
Опубликована: Янв. 26, 2021
Abstract
Size
changes
in
brain
and
regions
along
altitudinal
gradients
provide
insight
into
the
trade‐off
between
energetic
expenditure
cognitive
capacity.
We
investigated
size
variations
of
Asiatic
Toad
(
Bufo
gargarizans
)
across
altitudes
from
700
m
to
3,200
m.
A
total
325
individuals
11
sites
two
transects
were
sampled.
To
reduce
confounding
factors,
all
sampling
within
each
transect
a
maximum
distance
85
km
an
difference
close
2,000
Brains
dissected,
five
both
measured
directly
with
3D
CT
scan.
There
is
significant
negative
correlation
relative
whole‐brain
volume
(to
snout‐vent
length)
altitude.
Furthermore,
volumes
volume)
optic
tectum
cerebellum
also
decrease
gradients,
while
telencephalon
increases
its
gradients.
Therefore,
our
results
are
mostly
consistent
expensive
hypothesis
functional
constraint
hypothesis.
suggest
that
most
current
hypotheses
not
mutually
exclusive
data
supporting
one
often
partially
others.
More
studies
on
mechanisms
needed
explain
evolution
natural
populations.
Язык: Английский
<italic>Bufo gargarizans</italic>: What’s in a Name?
Asian Herpetological Research,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
14(3), С. 246 - 255
Опубликована: Июнь 26, 2023
Ecological adaptations of amphibians to environmental changes along an altitudinal gradient (Case Study: Bufo gargarizans) from phenotypic and genetic perspectives
BMC Biology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
22(1)
Опубликована: Окт. 10, 2024
Organisms
have
evolved
a
range
of
phenotypic
and
genetic
adaptations
to
live
in
different
environments
along
an
altitudinal
gradient.
Herein,
we
studied
the
widely
distributed
Chinese
toad,
Bufo
gargarizans,
as
model
used
integrated
phenotype-genotype
approach
assess
environments.
Язык: Английский
Relationship between brain size and digestive tract length support the expensive-tissue hypothesis in Feirana quadranus
Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
10
Опубликована: Сен. 30, 2022
The
brain
is
among
the
most
energetically
costly
organs
in
vertebrate
body,
while
size
of
varies
within
species.
expensive-tissue
hypothesis
(ETH)
predicts
that
increasing
another
organ,
such
as
gut,
should
compensate
for
cost
a
small
brain.
Here,
ETH
was
tested
by
analyzing
relationship
between
variation
and
digestive
tract
length
Swelled-vented
frog
(
Feirana
quadranus
).
A
total
125
individuals
across
10
populations
ranging
from
586
to
1,702
m
a.s.l.
Qinling-Daba
Mountains
were
sampled.
With
increase
altitude,
decreases
increases.
Different
regions
do
not
change
their
relative
consistent
manner.
sizes
telencephalon
cerebellum
decrease
with
olfactory
nerve
increases
its
at
high
altitudes.
However,
bulb
optic
tectum
have
no
significant
altitude.
After
controlling
snout-vent
(SVL),
negative
correlation
could
be
found
F.
.
Therefore,
intraspecific
follows
general
patterns
this
results
suggest
annual
mean
temperature
precipitation
are
environmental
factors
influencing
adaptive
evolution
length.
This
study
also
suggests
food
composition,
activity
times,
habitat
complexity
potential
reasons
driving
Язык: Английский