The American Naturalist,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
202(3), С. 288 - 301
Опубликована: Апрель 12, 2023
AbstractAgricultural
pests
are
increasingly
appreciated
as
subjects
of
ecology.
One
particular
case,
a
pest
in
coffee
production,
is
analyzed
here
using
the
conceptual
framework
complex
systems,
acknowledged
having
an
obvious
home
field
ecology,
notorious
for
its
structures.
The
case
arguably
falls
under
control
complexity
ecological
system
rather
than
simple
magic
bullet
population
regulation.
system,
which
has
been
study
southern
Mexico
past
quarter
century,
through
lens
neutral
oscillations
classical
nondissipative
Lotka-Volterra
system.
Based
on
three
consumer/resource
pairs
(populations
[1]
ant,
[2]
scale
insect,
[3]
beetle
predator
[4]
fungal
pathogen
and
[5]
fly
parasitoid
ant),
this
five-dimensional
well
known
qualitatively.
Coupling
all
agents
both
direct
effects
trait-mediated
indirect
effects,
behavior
oscillation
form
reveals
set
behaviors,
including
harmonized
invariant
sets,
chaos,
and/or
quasiperiodicity.
Such
behaviors
well-known
science
systems
and,
it
argued,
ultimately
sufficient
to
effect
degree
regulation
pest,
independent
explicit
density-dependent
feedback.
Control
thus
seen
actuated
complexity,
any
classic
dissipative
force.
Advances in business strategy and competitive advantage book series,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown, С. 81 - 108
Опубликована: Дек. 27, 2024
The
relationship
between
the
concepts
of
sustainable
development
and
ecological
theory
has
become
two
issues
increasing
importance
on
a
global
scale
(Majeed
&
Abaas,
2023;
Liang
Li,
2020;
Ruggerio,
2021).
Goals
such
as
adaptation
to
environmental
factors,
social
welfare,
economic
growth,
protection
natural
resources
are
considered
stages
realized
in
(Alves
et
al.,
2022;
Gui-rui
2022).
present
study
purposes.
first
purpose
is
contribute
literature
by
examining
studies
discussing
within
scope
international
literature.
second
identify
gaps
field
reveal
academic
trends
over
years,
through
visual
network
maps,
performing
bibliometric
analysis
with
quantitative
data
both
theory.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Фев. 13, 2023
Abstract
The
interplay
between
ecological
and
evolutionary
dynamics
can
create
feedback
that
reinforces
external
disturbances
potentially
threatens
species’
coexistence.
For
example,
plants
might
invest
less
into
attracting
insect
pollinators
(decreased
flower
or
nectar
production)
more
independence
(increased
selfing
vegetative
reproduction)
when
faced
with
pollinator
decline.
This
adaptive
response
saves
plant
resources
at
the
cost
of
further
threatening
population.
We
ask
under
which
conditions
such
self-reinforcing
occurs
in
two-species
mutualistic
systems
considering
one-sided
population
decline
whether
it
be
counteracted
by
self-dampening
if
co-evolution
both
interaction
partners
is
considered.
Based
on
a
mathematical
model
line
previous
studies,
we
find
described
pattern
accelerated
for
wide
range
parameter
values
concave
allocation
trade-off
independent
growth
investment
assumed.
undisturbed
typically
disinvests
first,
then
forces
declining
to
also
disinvest,
favour
other
energy
sources.
However,
decelerated
occur
adaptation
partner
relatively
slow
compared
environmental
decay,
reducing
speed
its
disinvestment,
initial
was
very
high.
Our
results
suggest
actions
are
taken
save
endangered
populations,
not
only
evolution
target
species
but
their
partner,
as
well
them
should
Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
104(2)
Опубликована: Март 20, 2023
“Therefore,
we
attempt
to
treat
the
same
problem
with
several
alternative
models
each
different
simplifications
but
a
common
biological
assumption.…
Hence
our
truth
is
intersection
of
independent
lies.”
(Levins
1966).
Mutualisms
are
bidirectional,
beneficial
interspecific
interactions
ubiquitous
across
taxa
(Bronstein
2015).
They
contribute
significantly
ecosystem
function
and
nutrient
cycling.
For
instance,
~40%
global
food
crops
dependent
on
mutualist
partner
for
pollination
(Klein
et
al.
2007).
Microbial
mutualists,
in
particular
mycorrhizal
fungi
nitrogen-fixing
bacteria,
responsible
~75%
annual
plant
phosphorus
uptake
significant
fraction
nitrogen
as
well
(van
der
Heijden
2008).
To
better
understand
these
interactions,
require
an
overarching
theoretical
framework.
This
because
empirical
results
easily
confounded
by
system-specific
differences
timescale
issues,
noise
ecological
data.
Developing
theory
mutualisms
beset
challenges.
First,
highly
diverse
currency
benefits
they
exchange.
In
plant–microbe
mutualisms,
exchanged
usually
nutritional
resources
(carbon
phosphorus,
or
carbon
nitrogen)
(Hacskaylo
1972,
Oldroyd
2011).
plant–pollinator
however,
pollinators
obtain
form
nectar
plants
facilitating
increased
movement
pollen
(Pellmyr
1996,
Pellmyr
2003).
The
diversity
forms
makes
it
challenging
develop
mutualism
population
dynamics
that
can
apply
interaction
types.
Further,
often
temporally
dynamic
which
between
species
mediated
trait
evolution.
sanction
how
much
provide
rhizobia
nodules
based
receives
from
bacteria
(Denison
2000,
West
2002).
Similarly,
evolve
abort
fruits
have
been
parasitized
larvae
pollinators,
preventing
exploitation
(Janzen
1979,
James
1994).
both
cases,
evolution
plays
vital
role
stabilizing
mutualistic
dynamics.
Thus,
integrating
evolutionary
trajectories
second
challenge
address
enhance
understanding
mutualisms.
Finally,
into
whole
community
ecology
framework
includes
other
such
predation,
parasitism,
competition
also
ongoing
goal
theory.
order
challenges,
not
sufficient
build
using
studies.
Mathematical
serve
perfect
tool
explore
aspects
complex
interactions.
Much
like
systems,
modeling
frameworks
may
be
useful
addressing
kinds
questions
about
mutualism.
network
track
structure
pairwise
including
study
disturbances
propagate
functions
emerge
species-rich
communities
(May
Valdovinos
2016,
Hale
2020).
Trait-explicit
those
quantitative
genetics
adaptive
shape
through
time
(Lande
1982,
McPeek
2017,
2021,
2022).
Community
organisms,
mutualism,
influence
coexistence,
stability,
subset
approaches
focusing
emergence
small
web
“modules”
(Holt
1977,
Chase
Leibold
2003,
Sun
2019,
Koffel
2021).
incorporating
spatial
agent-based
simulations
partial
differential
equations
(PDEs)
allows
exploration
vary
space
addresses
maintenance
cooperation
(Doebeli
Knowlton
1998,
Parker
1999,
2001,
Stump
2018a,b).
Nevertheless,
all
draw
similar
principles,
economic
principles
consumer-resource
cost–benefit
analyses
drivers
behavior
create
one
unifying
mathematical
model
insights
multifaceted
facilitate
their
integration
general
conceptual
unique
helps
generate
predictions
future
experiments
aid
its
broader
context
These
goals
main
focus
symposium
speakers,
who
early
career
researchers
employing
ecology.
Each
three
speakers
addressed
challenges
highlighted
above
–
eco-evolutionary
dynamics,
unification
aim
introducing
latest
developments
wide
audience
ecologists
biologists.
was
moderated
Naven
Narayanan
University
Minnesota,
talks
given
Kayla
(University
Michigan),
Thomas
(Michigan
State
University),
Sarah
Virginia).
article
provides
brief
summary
presentations
discussion
period
followed
talks.
portion,
highlight
some
research
directions
theory,
context,
emerged
symposium.
began
reviewing
history
beginning
famous
instability
Lotka–Volterra
use
linear
terms
benefit
exchanges
subsequent
delay
nearly
40
years
before
new
were
developed.
Empirical
remarkable
natural
histories
stimulated
interest
1980s
authors
focused
finding
mechanisms
could
reconcile
ubiquity
importance
observed
world
simple
models.
However,
has
long
being
forgotten
rediscovered,
perhaps
many
criticized
too
abstract
case-specific
insight
nature
more
broadly
then
advocated
approach
developing
balances
detail
generality:
building
permit
parameterization
interpretation
empirically
enough
scale
up
networks
multiple
interacting
without
exploding
computational
complexity.
this
way,
mapped
qualitative
patterns
advance
varied
partners
impact
populations,
communities,
ecosystems.
demonstrated
seed
dispersal
showing
requirement
outcrossing
causes
Allee
effects
bistable
coexistence
show
stable
at
high
density
destabilizing
thresholds
low
when
least
obligate
(Hale
Reviewing
historical
showed
prediction,
robust
inspiring
systems
level
Additionally,
types
threshold
suggest
underlying
play.
Empirically
measuring
whether
partner's
increasing
decreasing
used
distinguish
potential
dynamical
drivers,
presence
nonlinear
costs.
set
characterize
guide
herbivory,
pointed
out
need
niche
concepts
extending
beyond
current
emphasis
competition.
presentation
Contemporary
Niche
Theory
(Chase
2003)
looks
exclusion
along
varying
resource
availability,
connections
Modern
Coexistence
(Chesson
2000).
frameworks,
difference
quantifies
strength
competition,
defined
angular
metric
measures
range
conditions
enables
(Saavedra
2017).
How
quantify
mutualism?
answered
question
metabolic
cross-feeding
two
bacterial
strains,
example
resource-explicit
(Sun
2019).
metrics
still
positive
unlike
(Spaak
De
Laender
fact,
values
characteristic
while
correspond
Interestingly,
extent
“niche
expansion”
familiar
concept
facilitation
(Bruno
addition,
very
levels
allowed
states
persistence
extinction
pair,
pairwise-level
effect
associated
‘Allee
niche’
2009).
further
generality
quantifying
‘apparent-mutualism’
carnivores
short
chain.
McPeek's
talk
asked
consider
valuable
generator
testable
predictions.
Ecological
help
difficult
essential
field
run
impractical,
if
impossible,
experiments.
puzzle
center
work
feedbacks
nectar-producing
nectar-consuming
(McPeek
Resource
traits
nectar-production
rate
volume
via
selection
consumers
pressures.
Over
generations,
resource-provider
resource-consumer
will
respond
changing
supply
turn
affect
traits.
Detangling
consequences
predict
contemporary
her
coauthors'
costs
concrete
growth
plant's
population.
uses
multivariate
breeder's
equation
change
generations
corresponding
sizes
Plant
pollinator
populations
achieve
equilibrium
production
balance,
effecting
Within
framework,
ran
numerical
adjusting
parameters
represent
facets
environment:
foraging
activity
death
environment,
intensity
herbivory
leaf
tissue.
Together,
supply,
increases
species'
sizes,
evolves
limit
frequency
either
reductions
effort
(pollinator
behavior)
(e.g.,
habitat
quality
herbivory).
highlights
additional
provider
species:
individual
produce
entire
nectar's
sizes.
conclude
talk,
test
assumptions
should
compare
found
settings
environments
qualities
pollinators.
Second,
manipulate
facet
environment
number
herbivores
controlled
experimental
treatments
measure
affects
One
standing
variation
experiment
factors
evolved
provisioning,
manipulates
variables
drives
Combining
designs
variety
resource-mediated
nature.
panel
following
speakers'
talks,
brought
open
directions.
Broadly,
points
fell
categories:
cheating
communities.
Below
outline
perspectives
key
areas
research:
equilibrate
steady
state;
otherwise,
rates
only
increase
limits.
Therefore,
cost
interaction.
example,
al.'s
genetic
assumes
pay
reproductive
producing
studies
demonstrating
lower
higher
Pyke
1991).
currently
piecemeal
evidence
substantial
occur
Morris
2010,
Aizen
2014).
Are
defining
feature
nature,
constraints
certain
than
biology?
We
assess
magnitudes
substantially
overall
services
exchange
systems.
available
estimates
shown
swamped
demographic
(Pyke
1991,
Kang
2011,
Brandenburg
2012,
Ford
despite
balancing
literature,
benefits,
most
justifiable
Another
component
saturating
developed
al.,
define
investment
A
consume
so
nectar,
seeds.
Once
seeds
pollinated,
there
no
continuing
attract
Many
incorporated
(Holland
2002,
Holland
DeAngelis
2009,
2010).
suggests
sometimes
times
links
(Chaianunporn
Hovestadt
Mack
2012).
Here,
target
investigation
sets
relationships
generates
assumptions.
examine
validity
match
deviate
gain
clearer
governing
interested
break
down
cheating,
scenario
where
gains
greater
providing
good
service
(Soberon
Mainero
Martinez
del
Rio
1985,
Bronstein
2001).
accessibility
strategies
depends
specified
and,
case
models,
acting
fertilize
ovules
subject
selection,
prevent
sustained
‘cheating’
phenotype.
general,
McPeek's's
rare,
particularly
hamper
localized.
Koffel,
hand,
public
his
susceptible
tragedy
commons,
‘cheaters'
exploit
any
return.
Since
do
reciprocating,
tend
fitness
thus
displace
true
mutualists.
sense,
mirrors
expected
rare
even
nonexistent
others
(Jones
susceptibility
cheaters
Koffel's
potentially
arise
localization
resources.
Pollinators
must
visit
flowers
access
microbes
readily
nutrients
environment.
Future
geared
identify
degrees
ease
invade
so,
necessary.
amenable
analysis,
limiting
(Pande
big
remaining
lies
presented
here
account
keeping
tractable,
opening
door
mentioned
although
studying
setting
critical.
rewards
explicitly
modeled
(Revilla
explicit
important
mutualists
(Valdovinos
Marsland
2021)
webs
applied
pairs
species.
While
Saavedra
(2017)
provided
avenues
generalization
competitive
describing
determine
structures
remains.
NN
initiated
led
write-up,
after
contributed
equally
manuscript.
author
wrote
first
four
sections
jointly
writing
final
section.
All
reviewed
edited
Authors
listed
alphabetically
author.
No
data
collected
study.
The American Naturalist,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
202(3), С. 288 - 301
Опубликована: Апрель 12, 2023
AbstractAgricultural
pests
are
increasingly
appreciated
as
subjects
of
ecology.
One
particular
case,
a
pest
in
coffee
production,
is
analyzed
here
using
the
conceptual
framework
complex
systems,
acknowledged
having
an
obvious
home
field
ecology,
notorious
for
its
structures.
The
case
arguably
falls
under
control
complexity
ecological
system
rather
than
simple
magic
bullet
population
regulation.
system,
which
has
been
study
southern
Mexico
past
quarter
century,
through
lens
neutral
oscillations
classical
nondissipative
Lotka-Volterra
system.
Based
on
three
consumer/resource
pairs
(populations
[1]
ant,
[2]
scale
insect,
[3]
beetle
predator
[4]
fungal
pathogen
and
[5]
fly
parasitoid
ant),
this
five-dimensional
well
known
qualitatively.
Coupling
all
agents
both
direct
effects
trait-mediated
indirect
effects,
behavior
oscillation
form
reveals
set
behaviors,
including
harmonized
invariant
sets,
chaos,
and/or
quasiperiodicity.
Such
behaviors
well-known
science
systems
and,
it
argued,
ultimately
sufficient
to
effect
degree
regulation
pest,
independent
explicit
density-dependent
feedback.
Control
thus
seen
actuated
complexity,
any
classic
dissipative
force.